First Exam Flashcards
How are sigma bonds formed ?
By 2 s orbitals overlapping or by end on end overlap of two p orbitals.
How are pi bonds formed?
By sideways overlap of two parallel p orbitals
What is the bond length relationship with halogens and hydrogens?
As the halogen increases in size, so does the bond length
What happens to the strength of a bond as the length of the bond increases ?
The bond strength decreases
What are delocalized electrons?
Electrons without a particular place, movement exists!
What kind of electrons are
Delocalized ?
Pi electrons
Why are resonance hybrids more accurate than resonance contributors ?
Contributors do not show actual electron distribution because electrons are always moving !
Why are amides so strong ?
Because of their resonance ! Building block of hair and skin !
Name 4 qualities that lower the stability of resonance.
- Atom has incomplete octet
- negative charge isn’t on most electronegative atom
- Charges exist !
- A positive charge that is not on the most elect positive atom
Define acid
Donor of protons !!
Define base
Accepts protons
What does a low pka mean?
The acid is strong and therefore more likely to give up a proton
Are stable bases weak or strong?
Weak!
Start with strong acid means….
End with a weak base
Start with a weak acid…
End with a strong/unstable base
