First Exam

Question 0

Why is there no old mid Atlantic crust?

Answer 0

It’s dense then subducts

Question 1

2 types of geologic change

Answer 1

Uniformitarianism (slow gradual- mountains) “present is the key to the past”

Catastrophism (sudden- earthquake)

Question 2

Know three places on map and plate boundaries

Answer 2

Convergent- Himalayas
Divergent- Mid Atlantic range
Transform- San Andreas Fault

Question 3

Hot spots/ Magma plumes?

Answer 3

Plume of magma rises from the mantle

Examples- Hawaii, yellow stone national park

Question 4

3 types of rock (“rock cycle”)

Answer 4

Igneous “first rocks”
Sedimentary “fossils”
Metamorphic “never melting”

Question 5

Igneous rock

Answer 5

“First rock”

Formed from cool magma

Question 6

Sedimentary

Answer 6

“Fossils”- Are all sedimentary rocks

Sediment builds up, compacts, pressurized to become rock.

Question 7

Metamorphic

Answer 7

“Never melting”

Starts off as different type of rock, changes.

Question 8

Scientific method

Answer 8

Observation 
Hypothesis
Prediction 
Experiment 
Theory- hypothesis with some evidence 
Law- theory backed by evidence becomes law

Question 9

How old is the earth?

Answer 9

4.5 billion years old

Question 10

How do we know the earth is that old?

Answer 10

Radiometric dating

Question 11

Radiometric dating?

Answer 11

Measures isotopes and rate of decay

Question 12

Rate of decay?

Answer 12

Isotopes decay at a certain rate/ function of rate of decay-half life

Question 13

Carbon 14

Answer 13

Can be used to measure back 50,000 years (carbon dating)

Isotope found in every living thing. Used when measuring age of living things

Question 14

Uranium 238

Answer 14

Isotope used to measure back 4.5 billion years. Used to measure the age of earth.

Question 15

Other ways we use to find out earth is old?

Answer 15

Fossil strata (layers of earth)

Question 16

Earth is made up of layers:

Answer 16

Core- middle of earth (very hot, molten iron)
Mantle- middle layer (magma)
Crust- tiny (surface we live on)

Question 17

Convection cycles

Answer 17

Like lava lamps, magma rises to crust, cools down, cycles back down. Takes 450 million years, gradual non stop process.

Question 18

3 types of plate movement

Answer 18

Convergent
Divergent
Transform

Question 19

Convergence

Answer 19

Running into each other
Fault type- reverse
Example- Himalayas

Question 20

Divergent

Answer 20

Pulling away
Fault type- normal
Example- mid Atlantic ridge

Question 21

Transform

Answer 21

Slide past
Fault type- strike slip
Example- San Andreas fault

Question 22

Faults

Answer 22

Cracks were movement happens around plate boundary

Question 23

Subduction zone

Answer 23

Two plates run into each other, more dense goes under the other.

Question 24

Two continental crust

Answer 24

Neither sink, upward movement (mountains)

Question 25

Mid Atlantic ridge

Answer 25

Maintain range bottom of ocean of divergent motion, runs from south hemisphere to north. (Iceland)

Question 26

Extremophytes

Answer 26

Life living near volcano on bottom of ocean (super high pressure between boiling and freezing)

Question 27

Transform boundary

Answer 27

North American plate and pacific plate

Question 28

2 sources of water on earth

Answer 28

Outgassing (inside earth-natural)

Comets (ball of ice-ET)