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Survey of Chem > First Exam > Flashcards

First Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of measurement?

A

A number with an attached unit found using an instrument

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2
Q

What is a measurement based on?

A

Personal judgment and instrument precision

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3
Q

What is a non-zero digit?

A

Any digit that isn’t a zero

Always significant

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4
Q

What is a zero “sandwich”?

A

Zeros that are between other numbers

Always significant

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5
Q

What is a leading zero?

A

Zeros that come before a number

Never significant

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6
Q

What is a trailing zero?

A

Zeros that come at the end of the number (depends on decimals)
Decimal - 1.60 - significant
No decimal - 5000 - not significant

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7
Q

How many sig figs: 354.89

A

5

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8
Q

How many sig figs: 102.202

A

6

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9
Q

How many sig figs: 3500

A

2

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10
Q

How many sig figs: 0.04560

A

4

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11
Q

Round the number to 3 sig figs: 0.009794012

A

0.00979

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12
Q

Round the number to 3 sig figs: 234.56

A

235

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13
Q

Convert the following into scientific notation: 4560

A

4.56 x 10^3

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14
Q

What scientist is credited with creating the first periodic table?

A

Dmitri Mendeleev

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15
Q

What are the horizontal rows of the periodic table called?

A

Periods

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16
Q

What are the vertical columns of the periodic table called?

A

Groups

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17
Q

What specific family name is given to the elements in Group IA

A

Alkali metals

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18
Q

What specific family name is given to the elements in Group IIA

A

Alkaline earth metals

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19
Q

What specific family name is given to the elements in Groups IIIB to IIB

A

Transition metals

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20
Q

What specific family name is given to the elements in the two rows of elements at the bottom of the periodic table?

A

Inner transition metals

21
Q

What specific family name is given to the elements in Group VIIA

A

Halogens

22
Q

What specific family name is given to the elements in Group VIIIA

A

Noble gases

23
Q

Where are the naturally occurring elements located on the periodic table?

A

Elements 1-92, except for #43 & 61

24
Q

What is another name for the manmade elements?

A

Synthetic

25
Q

What are the only two synthetic elements between 1 and 92?

A

Technetium and Promethium

26
Q

How can you tell if an element is radioactive?

A

The element has parentheses around their atomic mass

27
Q

What is the only nonmetal to the left of the zig-zag line?

A

Hydrogen

28
Q

What is the term for elements that exist in pairs?

A

Diatomic elements

29
Q

Name the diatomic elements

A

Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine

30
Q

Where are the metals found on the periodic table?

A

To the left of the zig-zag line

31
Q

List four general properties of metals

A

Good conductors, malleable, ductile, high melting points

32
Q

Where are the nonmetals found on the periodic table?

A

Right of the zig-zag line (except for Hydrogen)

33
Q

List four general properties of nonmetals found on the periodic table

A

Dull, good insulators, usually brittle, lower melting points

34
Q

What are the elements that have some properties of metals and some properties of nonmetals called?

A

Metalloids

35
Q

Where are the metalloids located on the periodic table?

A

They touch the zig-zag line (except for Al)

36
Q

Name the metalloids

A

Boron, Silicon, Arsenic, Tellurium, Astatine, Germanium, Antimony

37
Q

Which particles compose the nucleus?

A

Protons and neutrons

38
Q

Where are the electrons located in an atom?

A

Outside the nucleus

39
Q

Which subatomic particle is equal to the atomic number?

A

Protons

40
Q

Which subatomic particle determines isotopes?

A

Neutrons

41
Q

Which subatomic particles are the same size?

A

Neutrons and protons

42
Q

Which subatomic particle has a negative charge?

A

Electron

43
Q

What is the mass number equal to?

A

of protons and # of electrons

44
Q

Define an isotope:

A

Atoms of the SAME ELEMENT that have different MASS NUMBERS

45
Q

What is an ion?

A

An atom with an electrical charge

46
Q

What is the atomic mass of an element?

A

The “weighted average” of the different isotopes

47
Q

Where is the mass number located on the periodic table?

A

Not found on the table

48
Q

What are the units for atomic mass?

A

amu (atomic mass units)

Survey of Chem (4 decks)

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