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Fungi: Friends or Foe? > First Exam > Flashcards

First Exam Flashcards

0
Q

Who studies fungi?

A

Mycologists

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1
Q

Which organisms are most closely related to fungi?

A

Flies and humans ( animals)

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2
Q

What are the five characteristics of fungi?

A
  1. Cells have a nucleus.
  2. They have a unique cell wall chemistry.
  3. No chlorophyll.
  4. Simple morphology.
  5. Reproduce by way of spores.
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3
Q

Who was the professor at UGA who described fungi as achlorophylous thallophytes whose somatic structures are usually filament out and branched. They can reproduce sexually or asexually.

A

Charles Mims

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4
Q

What compound is found in the cell walls of fungi?

A

Chitin

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5
Q

What other organisms contain some type of chitin?

A

Insects and crustaceans

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6
Q

What is hyphae?

A

Tubular cells that make up a fungi.

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7
Q

When was fungi noticed as its own kingdom?

A

Mid 1800’s

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8
Q

What is Carl Woese known for?

A

Using RNA to identify extremophiles.

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9
Q

What domain is fungi in?

A

Eucarya

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10
Q

Slime molds are a type of fungus. T or F?

What phylum are slime molds in?

A

F

They are part of the Myxomycota.

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11
Q

What phyla contain the water molds?

Are they considered fungi?

A

Oomycota

No.

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12
Q

What characteristic of fungi were slime molds missing?

A

They don’t have cell walls.

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13
Q

Why are the water molds not considered true fungi?

A

They have zoospores that have two types of flagellum and there cell walls contain cellulose.

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14
Q

What are microsporangia?

A

A new addition to the eumycota that are small highly advanced parasites.

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15
Q

What is a full network of hyphae known as?

A

Mycelium.

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16
Q

What is the ring that fungi grows in the shape of known as?

A

A fairy ring

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17
Q

What are the four characteristics that favor fungal growth?

A
  1. Temperature above 32 but below 90 degrees Fahrenheit.
  2. A pH between 6 - 8.
  3. High humidity.
  4. Subdued sunlight as direct UV light is toxic to fungi.
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18
Q

What are 3 types of stimuli for spore production?

A
  1. Change in day length.
  2. Less food.
  3. Change in moisture status.
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19
Q

How do fungi asexually reproduce?

A

Spores produced by extension and cleavage of specialized hyphal cells.

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20
Q

How do fungi sexually reproduce?

A

Spores produced after fusion of hyphae of two compatible mating types.

21
Q

What do fungal enzymes effectively attack?

A

Cellulose, lignin, pectin.

22
Q

How long has fungus been around?

A

For about 400 million years.

23
Q

What species are the blewits?

A

Nuda

24
Q

What is the name of the purple-ish mushroom that could kill you?

A

Cortinarius

25
Q

Where are the oyster mushrooms commonly found?

A

On dead hardwoods or grocery stores.

26
Q

What is the scientific name of the oyster mushroom?

A

Pleurotus ostreatus

27
Q

What can fungal enzymes do to lignocellulose?

A

Break it down into bioethanol.

28
Q

Some fungi can glow in the dark. What is this called?

A

Bioluminescence.

29
Q

What are the pigment and enzyme catalyst called that cause bioluminescence?

A

Luciferin - pigment

Luciferase - enzyme catalyst

30
Q

Out of all the estimated amount of fungi thought to inhabit our planet, approximately what percent have been described?

A

Less than 10%

31
Q

Who was the scientist that coined the term binomial nomenclature?

A

Carl Linnaeus

32
Q

Who wrote Systema Mycologicum?

A

Elias Fries

33
Q

At fungus causes Dutch Elm Disease?

A

Ophiostoma ulmi

34
Q

What is the name of the fungus that Mrs. Brewer discovered and named that is found on blueberries?

A

Exobasidium maculosum

35
Q

What are the reasons for changing the way we name fungi?

A
  1. Sexual stage discovered.
  2. Older name discovered.
  3. Fungus originally misidentified.
  4. Fungus reclassified based on genetic material.
  5. Similar species are consolidated.
  6. A conglomerate is divided into new species.
36
Q

Which is the most common way for spore dispersal?

A

Wind

37
Q

Give some examples covered in class of wind dispersed spores.

A

Powdery mildew giant puffball, and earthstar.

38
Q

Where is the most common place to have spores produced in mushrooms?

A

In the gills.

39
Q

What is a ballistospore?

A

A spore that is forcibly shot off.

40
Q

What make up the gills of mushrooms?

A

Basidia

41
Q

What do the spores of wind blown spore fungus look like?

A

Very small and thick, pigmented walls

42
Q

Name a fungus that spreads it’s spore by the rainsplash method?

A

Birds nest fungi

43
Q

Fusiform rust, stinkhorns, stinky squid, and false truffles get their spores dispersed with what method?

A

Animals

44
Q

What is considered the fastest organism?

A

Pilobolus

45
Q

What is pilobolus also known as?

A

Hat thrower fungus.

46
Q

Pilobolus fungus moves it’s spores using which method?

A

Self propelled. The spores are shot out.

47
Q

What is a zoospore?

A

It is a spore that is motile, flagellated spores.

48
Q

What phyla contain the zoospores?

A

Oomycetes and chytrids

49
Q

Late blight of potatoes is caused by what?

A

Phytophthora Infestans

Fungi: Friends or Foe? (1 decks)

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