First Exam Flashcards
Who studies fungi?
Mycologists
Which organisms are most closely related to fungi?
Flies and humans ( animals)
What are the five characteristics of fungi?
- Cells have a nucleus.
- They have a unique cell wall chemistry.
- No chlorophyll.
- Simple morphology.
- Reproduce by way of spores.
Who was the professor at UGA who described fungi as achlorophylous thallophytes whose somatic structures are usually filament out and branched. They can reproduce sexually or asexually.
Charles Mims
What compound is found in the cell walls of fungi?
Chitin
What other organisms contain some type of chitin?
Insects and crustaceans
What is hyphae?
Tubular cells that make up a fungi.
When was fungi noticed as its own kingdom?
Mid 1800’s
What is Carl Woese known for?
Using RNA to identify extremophiles.
What domain is fungi in?
Eucarya
Slime molds are a type of fungus. T or F?
What phylum are slime molds in?
F
They are part of the Myxomycota.
What phyla contain the water molds?
Are they considered fungi?
Oomycota
No.
What characteristic of fungi were slime molds missing?
They don’t have cell walls.
Why are the water molds not considered true fungi?
They have zoospores that have two types of flagellum and there cell walls contain cellulose.
What are microsporangia?
A new addition to the eumycota that are small highly advanced parasites.
What is a full network of hyphae known as?
Mycelium.
What is the ring that fungi grows in the shape of known as?
A fairy ring
What are the four characteristics that favor fungal growth?
- Temperature above 32 but below 90 degrees Fahrenheit.
- A pH between 6 - 8.
- High humidity.
- Subdued sunlight as direct UV light is toxic to fungi.
What are 3 types of stimuli for spore production?
- Change in day length.
- Less food.
- Change in moisture status.
How do fungi asexually reproduce?
Spores produced by extension and cleavage of specialized hyphal cells.
How do fungi sexually reproduce?
Spores produced after fusion of hyphae of two compatible mating types.
What do fungal enzymes effectively attack?
Cellulose, lignin, pectin.
How long has fungus been around?
For about 400 million years.
What species are the blewits?
Nuda
What is the name of the purple-ish mushroom that could kill you?
Cortinarius
Where are the oyster mushrooms commonly found?
On dead hardwoods or grocery stores.
What is the scientific name of the oyster mushroom?
Pleurotus ostreatus
What can fungal enzymes do to lignocellulose?
Break it down into bioethanol.
Some fungi can glow in the dark. What is this called?
Bioluminescence.
What are the pigment and enzyme catalyst called that cause bioluminescence?
Luciferin - pigment
Luciferase - enzyme catalyst
Out of all the estimated amount of fungi thought to inhabit our planet, approximately what percent have been described?
Less than 10%
Who was the scientist that coined the term binomial nomenclature?
Carl Linnaeus
Who wrote Systema Mycologicum?
Elias Fries
At fungus causes Dutch Elm Disease?
Ophiostoma ulmi
What is the name of the fungus that Mrs. Brewer discovered and named that is found on blueberries?
Exobasidium maculosum
What are the reasons for changing the way we name fungi?
- Sexual stage discovered.
- Older name discovered.
- Fungus originally misidentified.
- Fungus reclassified based on genetic material.
- Similar species are consolidated.
- A conglomerate is divided into new species.
Which is the most common way for spore dispersal?
Wind
Give some examples covered in class of wind dispersed spores.
Powdery mildew giant puffball, and earthstar.
Where is the most common place to have spores produced in mushrooms?
In the gills.
What is a ballistospore?
A spore that is forcibly shot off.
What make up the gills of mushrooms?
Basidia
What do the spores of wind blown spore fungus look like?
Very small and thick, pigmented walls
Name a fungus that spreads it’s spore by the rainsplash method?
Birds nest fungi
Fusiform rust, stinkhorns, stinky squid, and false truffles get their spores dispersed with what method?
Animals
What is considered the fastest organism?
Pilobolus
What is pilobolus also known as?
Hat thrower fungus.
Pilobolus fungus moves it’s spores using which method?
Self propelled. The spores are shot out.
What is a zoospore?
It is a spore that is motile, flagellated spores.
What phyla contain the zoospores?
Oomycetes and chytrids
Late blight of potatoes is caused by what?
Phytophthora Infestans
