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intro to psych > First Exam > Flashcards

First Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Define psychology

A

the systematic study of behaviour and mental activity

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2
Q

What is applied psychology

A

Psychology as a profession, e.g. service providers

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3
Q

What is basic psychology

A

systematic study of behaviour and experience, mostly academia

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4
Q

Biological psych as a sub-field

A

biological basis of psychological processes, behaviour and learning

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5
Q

Developmental psych as a sub-field

A

Development and change of psychological processes over a life-span

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6
Q

Cognitive psych as a sub-field

A

Mental activity that goes on in the brain when a person is processing information

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7
Q

Social psych as a sub-field

A

How people’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviour are influenced by the real or implied presence of others

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8
Q

Personality psych as a sub-field

A

Study of people’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving and how it differs from others

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9
Q

Clinical psych as a sub-field

A

Study of psychological disorders

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10
Q

Define struturalism

A

Focuses on the basic elements of the mind, trying to break consciousness into units, e.g. sensation, feelings

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11
Q

Objective introspection

A

Process of objectively examining and measuring one’s thoughts and mental activities

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12
Q

Freudian psychology

A

Used both structural and functional approaches by dividing the mind into 3 parts and stating the function of each part

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13
Q

Behaviourism

A

Idea that psychological science should only study observable behaviour, never experience, to ensure it is scientific

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14
Q

Aim of structuralism

A

identify basic structures of the conscious mind

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15
Q

Aim of functionalism

A

Describe how the conscious mind aids adaption to an environment

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16
Q

Aim of Gestalt psychology

A

Study subjective perception as a unified whole

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17
Q

Aim of psychoanalytic theory

A

Understand how unconscious thoughts cause psychological disorders

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18
Q

Aim of behaviourism

A

Describe behaviour in response to an environmental stimuli

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19
Q

3 examples of descriptive methods

A
  • observation
  • case study
  • survey
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20
Q

adv of descriptive methods

A
  • Easy
  • Good starting point
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21
Q

Disadv of descriptive methods

A
  • Does not test relations among varibles
  • Does not test a hypothesis
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22
Q

What makes a correlation strong

A

the closer to either +1.00 or -1.00 the stronger the correlation

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23
Q

Experimental methods

A
  • Lab
  • Field
  • Quasi
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24
Q

Institutional review boards

A

groups of psychologists who look over proposed research and have to approve it

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25
Q

Ethical principles

A

-Informed consent
-Must be voluntary
-Right to withdraw
-Privacy
-Deception
-Confidentiality
-Risk/benefit ratio

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26
Q

Neurons

A

Individual nerve cells that specialize in communicating between brain and body

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27
Q

Glial cells

A

Grey fatty cells that provide support, deliver nutrients for neurons. And produce myelin to coat axons

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28
Q

Dendrites

A

Branch-like structures that receive messages from other neurons

29
Q

Cell body (soma)

A

Cell body of neuron responsible for maintaining life of the cell

30
Q

Axon

A

Long, tube-like structure that carries the neural messages to other cells

31
Q

Myelin

A

Fatty substances that coat axons to insulate, protect and speed up impluses

32
Q

Excitatory neurotransmitter

A

causes receiving cell to fire

33
Q

Inhibitory neurotransmitter

A

causes receiving cell to stop firing

34
Q

Agonists

A

Mimic/ enhance effects of a neurotransmitter on receptor sites

35
Q

Antagonists

A

Block or reduce a cell’s response to the action of other chemicals/ neurotransmitters

36
Q

Central nervous system

A

Part of the nervous system connecting the brain and spinal cord- responsible for lifesaving reflexes

37
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Link between the bran/ spinal cord and the rest of the body

38
Q

3 types of neurons

A

Sensory, motor and interneurons

39
Q

Sensory neurons

A

transmit info from sensory organs to the rest of the nervous system- part of PNS

40
Q

Motor neurons

A

Transfer info from CNS to muscle fibres and are directly responsible for muscle movement- part of PNS

41
Q

Interneurons

A

Communicate between sensory and motor neurons- part of CNS

42
Q

Reflex arc

A

connections between sensory inputs and motor outputs allow for quick reactions without the use of the brain

43
Q

Somatic- division of PNS

A

nerves that carry info from senses to CNS and from CNS to voluntary muscle movements

44
Q

Autonomic- division of PNS

A

nerves controlling all involuntary processes

45
Q

Sympathetic- division of autonomic system

A

controls fight of flight response

46
Q

Parasympathetic- division of autonomic system

A

Returns body to resting state

47
Q

3 major regions of the brain

A

-Hindbrain
-Limbic system
-Cortex

48
Q

4 parts of the brain stem

A

-Medulla
-Pons
-Reticular formation
-Cerebellum

49
Q

Medulla

A

Responsible for life sustaining functions

50
Q

Pons

A

Plays a part in sleep, dreaming, left-right body coordination and arousal

51
Q

Reticular formation

A

Responsible for selective attention

52
Q

Cerebellum

A

Controls and coordinates involuntary, rapid, fine motor movement including balance, walking and limb coordination

53
Q

5 parts of limbic system

A

-Thalamus
-Hypothalamus
-Hippocampus
-Amygdala
-Cingulate cortex

54
Q

Thalamus

A

relays and processes sensory information before sending it to the brain (except smell)

55
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Responsible for motivational behaviour

56
Q

Hippocampus

A

Responsible for formation of long term memory and spatial memory

57
Q

Amygdala

A

Responsible for fear response

58
Q

Cingulate cortex

A

Important role in cognitive and emotional processing

59
Q

4 lobes within the cortex

A

-Frontal
-Parietal
-Occipital
-Temporal

60
Q

Cortex

A

Responsible for higher thought processes and interpretation of sensory input

61
Q

Corticalization

A

Wrinkling of the cortex

62
Q

Occipital lobe

A

processes and makes sense of visual information

63
Q

Parietal lobes

A

Contains centres for touch, taste and temperature sensations as well as the somatosensory cortex

64
Q

Temporal lobes

A

Responsible for hearing and meaningful speech

65
Q

Frontal lobes

A

Responsible for higher mental processes such as decision making and fluent speech

66
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Fibrous structure connecting the two hemispheres of the brain

67
Q

Left hemisphere

A

-Language
-Writing
-logical thoughts
-Maths
-information processing
-Speech

68
Q

Right hemisphere

A

-emotional expression
-spatial perception
-facial recognition
-Patterns
-Melodies
-Emotions

intro to psych (1 decks)

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