first declension cases

Question 1

Nomative

Answer 1

indicates the subject of the finite verb (who is doing the action)

Question 2

Genitive

Answer 2

one noun is used to modify or describe another noun.
often involves POSSESSION.
Translates with “of” or involves an apostrophe.

Question 3

A genitive noun usually ______ the noun it modifies/describes.

Answer 3

follows

Question 4

Dative

Answer 4

Mark the person or thing directly affected by the noun

Translated with “to” and “for”

Question 5

Accusative

Answer 5

Indicates the direct object of the verb

Can also be used as the object of a preposition (EX: the farmer at the gate)

Question 6

Ablative

Answer 6

modify or limit the verb by such ideas as means (“by/with what”, money), agent (“by whom”, the girl), accompaniment (“with whom”, with the poet), manner (“how”, with anger), place (“where/from which”, in/from the country), time (“when/within which”, in one hour).
Often the object of a preposition.
With no preposition, usually needs “by, with, or from”

Question 7

Vocative

Answer 7

call on one thing/person directly. (EX: Salvē, nauta- greetings sailor!)
sometimes uses interjection O.