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Vector Ecology > First day of class > Flashcards

First day of class Flashcards

1
Q 
How many life stages does the mosquito have?
A. 1
B.2
C.3
D.4
E. none of the above
A

D. 4

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2
Q

What are the 4 life stages of the mosquito?

A

eggs, larva, Pupa, adult emerges, adult

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3
Q

True or False

The male mosquito is the blood feeder?

A

False, The female is the blood feeder

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4
Q

Why is the female the blood feeder?

A

For reproduction

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5
Q

Do all female mosquito have to feed on blood to reproduce?

A

No, some can reproduce without a blood meal, they store the nitrogen inside during larva stage and use it when to lay eggs

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6
Q

True or false

Where the female mosquito lays her eggs they can stay dormant for a period of time? Give an example?

A

True: eggs laid where she lays them they can stay dormant for a time it varies mosquitos in Alaska can go dormant in the winter

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7
Q

How many stages of life are in aquatic area for the mosquitos?

A

3 of the life stages are in aquatic area

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8
Q

What is the time frame for the mosquitos eggs to hatch?

A

any where from 4-5 days till 2 weeks eggs can hatch depending on various things, like temperature, water.

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9
Q

Culex in latin mean:

A

Assassin

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10
Q

What is the role of male mosquito?

A

Males do not transmit diease, only are there as a sperm donor, once they mate they die soon after

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11
Q

True or False
Some mosquitos can lay several batches of egg with just one blood feed, others have to blood feed every time it lays a batch

A

True

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12
Q

True or False
Malaria had been post back B.C china, romans
Malaria has shaped much of war, nations

A

True

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13
Q

What is Autogenus?

A

Autogenus- develop eggs without taking a blood meal

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14
Q

What is anatogonus?

A

anatogonus- need to take a blood meal for reproduction

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15
Q

What is haematophagus?

A

blood feeding most mosquitos

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16
Q

What is a vector?

A

the carrier

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17
Q

What genus of mosquito are known for transmiting Malaria

A

Anopheles

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18
Q

What genus is responisble for dengie, chicknguna,yellow fever, zika?

A

Aedes

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19
Q

Anopheles Species is better known as the what type mosquito?

A

Malaria Mosquito or fever mosquito

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20
Q

A challenge in Anopheles species is?

A

research is species differentiation between complex or sibling species. These are
very closely related species that are isomorphic or hardly distinguishable by
morphological features in the larval, pupal and female adult stages.

21
Q

What mosquitos are known to be flood water mosquitos?

A

Aedes and Ochlerotatus species

22
Q

what is anautogeny?

A

a mosquito that requires a blood meal in the adult stage for the production of viable eggs.

23
Q

What does eurygamy mean?

A

needs extensive space for

mating.

24
Q

What does heterodynamy mean?

A

has a reproductive diapause in winter

25
Q

What does ornithophily mean?

A

has the affinity to feed on birds

26
Q

What does autogeny mean?

A

lay the first egg rafts without taking a blood meal

27
Q

What does stenogamy mean?

A

are able to mate within a confined space without swarming

28
Q

What does homodynamy mean?

A

do not diapause

29
Q

What does mammophily mean?

A

preferably feed on mammals

30
Q

Which ones are known as the Invasive Mosquito Species?

A

Aedes albopictus, Ae. aegypti

31
Q

what is predominantly a veterinary problem widely distributed in southern Europe where
they cause heart worm disease and tissue nodules, respectively, in dogs, cats and
other carnivores.

A

Two species of dirofilariae,

Dirofilaria immitis and D.repens

32
Q

Till when was Malaria and endemic in Europe?

A

Malaria was endemic in Europe until about the mid-twentieth century

33
Q

What does it mean endemic

A

A disease that is endemic is found in a certain geographic region or in a specific race of people.

34
Q

What is the meaning of epidemic

A

epidemic describes a disease that’s widespread.

35
Q

Autochthonous

A

locally transmitted by mosquitoes. Differentiated from imported, congenital, or blood-borne malaria.

36
Q

Who are susectiple to the westnile virus

A

In addition to humans, equines and corvid birds are particularly susceptible to
the virus.

37
Q

Who are the reservoir host for the West Nile Virus ?

A

Vertebrate reservoir hosts of WNV are mainly wild birds, with most of the
species displaying no clinical signs after infection (Malkinson and Banet 2002).
Migratory birds seem to play a particular role in virus transportation over long
distances, for example, from Africa to the European continent (Rappole et al. 2000).

38
Q

Which of the aedes Ae. aegypti or Ae. albopictus is limited by its cold intolerance?

A

Aedes Albopictus

39
Q

Who many types of dengue can be transmitted? What are the called?

A

3, classical dengue,

dengue haemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome

40
Q

Classical dengue occurs in
most cases of infection when a host undergoes a primary infection with DENV. It is
asymptomatic or causes a self-limited febrile syndrome with undifferentiated
symptoms such as the sudden onset of fever, nausea, vomiting, headache, retroorbital
pain and rash, accompanied by severe joint and muscle pain (“breakbone
fever”). In some cases, usually after a second DENV infection with another serotype
(Halstead 1980), classical dengue proceeds as dengue haemorrhagic fever

A

Classical dengue occurs in
most cases of infection when a host undergoes a primary infection with DENV. It is
asymptomatic or causes a self-limited febrile syndrome with undifferentiated
symptoms such as the sudden onset of fever, nausea, vomiting, headache, retroorbital
pain and rash, accompanied by severe joint and muscle pain (“breakbone
fever”). In some cases, usually after a second DENV infection with another serotype
(Halstead 1980), classical dengue proceeds as dengue haemorrhagic fever

41
Q

Yellow fever indeed is a disease of what area?

A

tropics and subtropics

42
Q

_____ being the principal vector of

the causative agent, yellow fever virus

A

Ae. aegypt

43
Q 
The virus had most likely been introduced by a viremic person from India who infected the established Ae. albopictus population,
thus starting a local mosquito–human–mosquito transmission cycle (Rezza et al.
2007). More recently, two autochthonous cases of chikungunya were reported from
southern France (Gould et al. 2010; Grandadam et al. 2011)
A 
The virus had most likely been introduced by a viremic person from India who infected the established Ae. albopictus population,
thus starting a local mosquito–human–mosquito transmission cycle (Rezza et al.
2007). More recently, two autochthonous cases of chikungunya were reported from
southern France (Gould et al. 2010; Grandadam et al. 2011)
44
Q

CHIKV is transmitted primarily by ___

A

A. aegypt & A. albopictus

45
Q

Mosquitoes have inhabited the globe for more than 100 million years,
long before Homo sapiens occurred on Earth. In the course of evolution, they were
able to adjust their biology to a great variety of ecological conditions and reproduce
in almost all aquatic habitats. Without the support of Homo sapiens, mosquitoes
disperse passively by wind drift (up to !25 km) or by active flight usually limited to

A

Mosquitoes have inhabited the globe for more than 100 million years,
long before Homo sapiens occurred on Earth. In the course of evolution, they were
able to adjust their biology to a great variety of ecological conditions and reproduce
in almost all aquatic habitats. Without the support of Homo sapiens, mosquitoes
disperse passively by wind drift (up to !25 km) or by active flight usually limited to

46
Q

However, present-day human activities enable mosquitoes to be transported from one continent to another within a matter of
hours to a few days. Increased transcontinental mobility of humans as well as the international trade, facilitate the dispersal and in some cases, the establishment of exotic mosquito species in other countries with favorable climatic conditions. The most remarkable ability of these species is that the eggs can survive desiccation and dryness for months or sometimes even years and can thus survive long periods with unfavorable living conditions

A

However, present-day human activities enable
mosquitoes to be transported from one continent to another within a matter of
hours to a few days. Increased transcontinental mobility of humans as well as the international trade, facilitate the dispersal and in some cases, the establishment of exotic mosquito species in other countries with favorable climatic conditions. Themost remarkable ability of these species is that the eggs can survive desiccation and dryness for months or sometimes even years and can thus survive long periods with unfavorable living conditions

47
Q

This ensures that e.g. eggs can survive in used tires
or other small containers when these are shipped and consequently increase the
probability of successful transport. In general, these species possess a high ecological
potency and can rapidly adapt to new habitats due to their genetic plasticity.
Within the about 30 species known to have established in new areas throughout theworld, 3 species merit special recognition for their dispersal potential and also
for their significance as vectors of human diseases: Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti
(Linnaeus 1762), Ae. (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse 1895) and Ochlerotatus
(Finlaya) japonicus (Theobald 1901). In this chapter the taxonomy, biology,
distribution and medical importance of the most successful invasive species are
discussed, namely Aedes aegypti, Aedes. albopictus,

A

This ensures that e.g. eggs can survive in used tires
or other small containers when these are shipped and consequently increase the
probability of successful transport. In general, these species possess a high ecological
potency and can rapidly adapt to new habitats due to their genetic plasticity.
Within the about 30 species known to have established in new areas throughout theworld, 3 species merit special recognition for their dispersal potential and also
for their significance as vectors of human diseases: Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti
(Linnaeus 1762), Ae. (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse 1895) and Ochlerotatus
(Finlaya) japonicus (Theobald 1901). In this chapter the taxonomy, biology,
distribution and medical importance of the most successful invasive species are
discussed, namely Aedes aegypti, Aedes. albopictus,

48
Q

How are mosquitoes disperse

A

passively by wind drift (up to ~25 km) or by active flight

usually limited to

49
Q

What do gin and tonic and Malaria have in common?

A

is quinine
Quinine is a very effective treatment for malaria and preventive measure
Quinine is tonic water

Vector Ecology (3 decks)

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