First Day(#375-365) Flashcards
conscious
Consciousness
/’kɑnʃəs/
[adj] aware of sth; noticing sth
[adj] able to use your senses and mental powers to understand what is happening
[adj] deliberate or controlled
اگاه، هوشیار
demonstrate
Demonstration
/’demən.streɪt/
[v] to show sth clearly by giving proof or evidence
[v] to show by your actions that you have a particular quality, feeling or opinion
[v] to show and explain how sth works or how to do sth
[v] to take part in a public meeting or march, usually as a protest or to show support for sth
نشان دادن، اثبات کردن
تظاهرات
stimulus
Stimulate
/’stɪmjələs/
[n] something that helps sb/sth to develop better or more quickly
[n] something that produces a reaction in a human, an animal or a plant
محرک
advocate
[v] to support sth publicly
[n] a person who supports or speaks in favour of sb or of a public plan or action
[n] a person who defends sb in court
[n] (in Scotland) a lawyer who has the right to argue cases in higher courts
مدافع
initially
ɪ’nɪʃ(ə)li/
[adv] at the beginning
glimpse
/ɡlɪmps/
[n] a look at sb/sth for a very short time, when you do not see the person or thing completely
[n] a short experience of sth that helps you to understand it
[v] to see sb/sth for a moment, but not very clearly
[v] to start to understand sth
exoplanets
/ˈeksəʊˈplænɪt
This is the first time the technique has been used to decipher the presence of an exoplanet in the complex dynamics of a binary system.
It is the only known “Super-Earth”
swirl
/swɜrl/
[v] to move around quickly in a circle; to make sth do this
[n] the movement of sth that twists and turns in different directions and at different speeds
[n] a pattern or an object that twists in circles
چرخش
dusty
/’dʌsti/
[adj] full of dust; covered with dust
[adj] not bright; dull
گرد و خاک
debris
/də’bri/
[n] pieces of wood, metal, brick, etc. that are left after sth has been destroyed
[n] pieces of material that are not wanted and rubbish/garbage that are left
infrared
.ɪnfrə’red/
[adj] having or using electromagnetic waves which are longer than those of red light in the spectrum , and which cannot be seen
مادون قرمز
commonplace
/’kɑmən.pleɪs/
[adj] done very often, or existing in many places, and therefore not unusual
[n] an event, etc. that happens very often and is not unusual
[n] a remark, etc. that is not new or interesting
عادی
widespread
/ˈwaɪdˌspred/
[adj] existing or happening over a large area or among many people
به طور گسترده
cyberspace
/ˈsaɪbərˌspeɪs/
[n] the imaginary place where electronic messages, etc. exist while they are being sent between computers
فضای مجازی
upon
/ə’pɑn/
[prep] used to emphasize that there is a large number or amount of sth
برفراز
encompass
/ɪn’kʌmpəs/
[v] to include a large number or range of things
[v] to surround or cover sth completely
شامل بودن
malformation
/ˌmælfɔrˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/
[n] a part of the body that is not formed correctly
[n] the state of not being correctly formed
ناهنجاری
malformation of one or both ears
jaw
/dʒɔ/
[n] either of the two bones at the bottom of the face that contain the teeth and move when you talk or eat
[n] the lower part of the face; the lower jaw
فک
misalignment
/ˌmɪsə’laɪnmənt/
The results show that the main bearings can still be in a state of fluid lubrication when the journal misalignment angles are small.
ناهماهنگی
cavity
/ˈkævəti/
[n] a hole or empty space inside sth solid
[n] a hole in a tooth
: “Most dentist fill cavities right away
The gold was hidden in a secret cavity.
cleave
/kliv/
[v] to split or cut sth in two using sth sharp and heavy
[v] to move quickly through sth
[v] to stick close to sth/sb
[v] to continue to believe in or be loyal to sth
شکافتن
Rose’s mouth was dry, her tongue cleaving to the roof of her mouth
the large axe his father used to cleave wood for the fire
skull
/skʌl/
[n] the bone structure that forms the head and surrounds and protects the brain
[n] the head or the brain
جمجمه
drain
/dreɪn/
Drainage
[v] to make sth empty or dry by removing all the liquid from it; to become empty or dry in this way
[v] to make liquid flow away from sth; to flow away
[v] to empty a cup or glass by drinking everything in it
[v] to make sb/sth weaker, poorer, etc. by using up their/its strength, money, etc.
[n] a pipe that carries away dirty water or other liquid waste
اب کشی
we drained the swimming pool
attempt
/ə’tempt/
[n] an act of trying to do sth, especially sth difficult, often with no success
[n] an act of trying to kill sb
[n] an effort to do better than sth, such as a very good performance in sport
[v] to make an effort or try to do sth, especially sth difficult of trying to do sth, especially sth difficult, often with no success
[n] an act of trying to kill sb
[n] an effort to do better than sth, such as a very good performance in sport
[v] to make an effort or try to do sth, especially sth difficult
تلاش
cord
/kɔrd/
[n] strong thick string or thin rope; a piece of this
[n] a piece of wire that is covered with plastic, used for carrying electricity to a piece of equipment
[n] trousers/pants made of corduroy
طناب
dominance
Dominant
The opening of the Barcelona-Madrid line a year ago marked the beginning of the end of airlines’ dominance.
Other companies have even sloppier privacy policies, but Google’s dominance makes it a de facto standard setter.
تسلط
strive
[v] to try very hard to achieve sth
تلاش کردن
principle
/prɪnsəp/
[n] a moral rule or a strong belief that influences your actions
[n] a law, a rule or a theory that sth is based on
[n] a belief that is accepted as a reason for acting or thinking in a particular way
[n] a general or scientific law that explains how sth works or why sth happens
اصول
Reinforce
To make a feeling stronger
تقویت کردن
Reveal
/[re·veal || rɪ’vɪːl
To make sth know to
اشکار ساختن
Revolution
An attempt large number of people to change the goverment
انقلاب
Unremitting
un·re·mit·ting || ‚ʌnrɪ’mɪtɪŋ]
Without any stop, steady,continuous
بی وقفه
Uninspiring
Without motivation, not making people interested or excited
Insinuate
[in·sin·u·ate || ɪn’sɪnjʊeɪt
Point,mention
القا کردن
he was insinuating that I had no self-control
Vast
Extremely larg, wide
وسیع
Penalize
To punish sb for breaking a rule
execute
eksə.kjut
[v] to kill sb, especially as a legal punishment
[v] to do a piece of work, perform a duty, put a plan into action, etc.
[v] to successfully perform a skilful action or movement
[v] to make or produce a work of art
[v] to follow the instructions in a legal document; to make a document legally valid
اجرا کردن، قانونی کردن
disproportionately
ˌdɪsprə’pɔrʃənətlɪ
Ex; Under these circumstances, it was vital to see that no part of the world suffered disproportionately.
به طور نامتناسب
a tax cut would disproportionately benefit the rich
racial
/reɪʃ(ə)l/
[adj] happening or existing between people of different races
[adj] connected with a person’s race
نژادی
ethnic
Ethnicity
eθnɪk
[adj] connected with or belonging to a nation, race or people that shares a cultural tradition
[adj] typical of a country or culture that is very different from modern Western culture and therefore interesting for people in Western countries
[n] a person from an ethnic minority
Ethnicityقومیت
قومی،وابسته به نژاد
leaders of ethnic communities
Bias
bi·as || ‘baɪəs
Prejuidice
تعصب
[V] تبعیض
there was evidence of bias against foreign applicants
Defendant
Defend
Advocate
دفاع
Allege
/ə’ledʒ
Allegiance
To state sth as a fact but without giving proof
ادعا کردن
وفاداری
he alleged that he had been assaulted
execution
eksə’kjuʃ
[n] the act of killing sb, especially as a legal punishment
[n] the act of doing a piece of work, performing a duty, or putting a plan into action
[n] skill in performing or making sth, such as a piece of music or work of art
[n] the act of following the instructions in a legal document, especially those in sb’s will
اعدام
Prosperous
Rich and successful
prosperous middle-class professionals
Sprawl
/sprɔːl
To spread in an untidy way
پراکندگی
the door shot open, sending him sprawling across the pavement
she fell into a sort of luxurious sprawl
the growth of urban sprawl
a sprawl of buildings
Concrete
/kən’kriːt
Made of concrete
بتن, براساس واقعیت نه حدس
ملموس
Vehicle
/ˈviɪk(ə)l/
Transport
Suffocate
ˈsʌfəkeɪt
Die because there is no air and breath
خفه کردن
they suffocated in their sleep
equator
/ɪ’kweɪtər/
Definitions
[n] an imaginary line around the earth at an equal distance from the North and South Poles
استوا
evaporate
/ɪ’væpə.reɪt/
[v] if a liquidevaporates or if sthevaporates it, it changes into a gas, especially steam
[v] to disappear, especially by gradually becoming less and less
تبخیر
cook until most of the liquid has evaporated
Vapor
ˈveɪpə(r)/
Steam
بخار
Distinctive
Specific
Distinct
متمایز
مشخص
a rock band with a distinctive sound
hoot
/hut/
[v] to make a loud noise
[v] if a car hornhoots or youhoot orhoot the horn , the horn makes a loud noise
[v] when an owlhoots , it makes a long calling sound
[n] a short loud laugh or shout
[n] a situation or a person that you find very funny
[n] the loud sound made by the horn of a vehicle
[n] the cry of an owl
Hoots of laughter rose from the audience.
perch
/pɜː(r)tʃ/
[v] to land and stay on a branch, etc.
[v] to sit or to make sb sit on sth, especially on the edge of it
[v] to be placed on the top or the edge of sth
جای نشستن
a herring gull perched on the rails
swoop
/swup/
[v] to fly quickly and suddenly downwards, especially in order to attack sb/sth
[v] to visit or attack sb/sth suddenly and without warning
[n] an act of moving suddenly and quickly through the air in a downward direction, as a bird does
[n] an act of arriving somewhere or attacking sth/sb in a way that is sudden and unexpected
پریدن پرنده
the barn owl can swoop down on a mouse in total darkness
territory
/’terə.tɔri/
[n] land that is under the control of a particular country or ruler
[n] an area that one person, group, animal, etc. considers as their own and defends against others who try to enter it
[n] an area of a town, country, etc. that sb has responsibility for in their work or another activity
[n] a particular type of land
[n] a country or an area that is part of the US, Australia or Canada but is not a state or province
قلمرو، خاک، سرزمین
Invasive
Spreading quickly
حرکت تهاجمی
patients suffering from invasive cancer
the sound of the piano was invasive
minimally invasive surgery
species
/spɪːʃɪːz
Kind
[n] a group into which animals, plants, etc. that are able to breed with each other and produce healthy young are divided, smaller than a genus and identified by a Latin name
گونه
spot
/spɑt/
[n] a small round area that has a different colour or feels different from the surface it is on
[n] a small dirty mark on sth
[n] a small mark or lump on a person’s skin, sometimes with a yellow head to it
[n] a particular area or place
[n] a small amount of sth
[n] a small amount of a liquid
[n] a part of a television, radio, club or theatre show that is given to a particular entertainer or type of entertainment
[n] a position in a competition or an event
[v] to see or notice a person or thing, especially suddenly or when it is not easy to do so
[v] to give your opponent or the other team an advantage
[adj] connected with a system of trading where goods are delivered and paid for immediately after sale
خالدار
ladybirds have black spots on their red wing covers
Breakthrough
Development lead to achievment
پیشرفت
a major breakthrough in DNA research
lift
[v] to raise sb/sth or be raised to a higher position or level
[v] to take hold of sb/sth and move them/it to a different position
[v] to transport people or things by air
[v] to remove or end restrictions
[v] to become or make sb more cheerful
[v] to rise and disappear
[v] to steal sth
[v] to use sb’s ideas or words without asking permission or without saying where they come from
[v] to dig up vegetables or plants from the ground
[v] to make the amount or level of sth greater; to become greater in amount or level
[n] a machine that carries people or goods up and down to different levels in a building or a mine
[n] a free ride in a car, etc. to a place you want to get to
[n] a feeling of being happier or more confident than before
[n] a movement in which sth rises or is lifted up
[n] the upward pressure of air on an aircraft when flying
he lifted his trophy over his head
Veil
/veɪl
[n] a covering of very thin transparent material worn, especially by women, to protect or hide the face, or as part of a hat, etc.
[n] a piece of cloth worn by nuns over the head and shoulders
[n] something that stops you from learning the truth about a situation
[n] a thin layer that stops you from seeing sth
[v] to cover your face with a veil
[v] to cover sth with sth that hides it partly or completely
پوشش دادن
she veiled her face
cloak
//kloʊk/
[n] a type of coat that has no sleeves, fastens at the neck and hangs loosely from the shoulders, worn especially in the past
[n] a thing that hides or covers sb/sth
[v] to cover or hide sth
شنل
she cloaked herself in black
Woe
Troubles and problems that sb has
they had a complicated tale of woe
Encounter
Collision,
رویارویی
deception
/dɪ’sepʃ(ə)n/
Deceit
[n] the act of deliberately making sb believe sth that is not true(= of deceiving them)
[n] a trick intended to make sb believe sth that is not true
فریب
state
/steɪt/
[n] the mental, emotional or physical condition that a person or thing is in
[n] a country considered as an organized political community controlled by one government
[n] an organized political community forming part of a country
[n] the government of a country
[n] the formal ceremonies connected with high levels of government or with kings and queens
[n] the United States of America
[adj] provided or controlled by the government of a country
[adj] connected with the leader of a country attending an official ceremony
[adj] connected with a particular state of a country, especially in the US
[v] to formally write or say sth, especially in a careful and clear way
[v] to fix or announce the details of sth, especially on a written document
حالت
intent
/ɪn’tent/
[adj] showing strong interest and attention
[adj] determined to do sth, especially sth that will harm other people
[adj] giving all your attention to sth
[n] what you intend to do
قصد، نیت
with alarm she realized his intent
deploy
/dɪ’plɔɪ/
[v] to move soldiers or weapons into a position where they are ready for military action
[v] to use sth effectively
استقرار
spare
/sper/
[adj] that is not being used or is not needed at the present time
Extra
یدکی ،اضافی
the wheel’s broken and it would be suicide to go on without a spare
Bedrock
Based
اساس، پایه
honesty is the bedrock of a good relationship
Undermine
To make sb weaker
تضعیف کردن
the flow of water had undermined pillars supporting the roof
assumption
Assume
/əˈsum
n] a belief or feeling that sth is true or that sth will happen, although there is no proof
[n] the act of taking or beginning to have power or responsibility
فرض، حدس
they made certain assumptions about the market
Inscribe
Write
کتیبه کردن
نوشته شده
his name was inscribed on the new silver trophy
Prescribe
Tell sb for use particular medicine
تجویز کردن
Illuminate
illumination
Luminous
Luminosity
To shine lifht on sth
روشن کردن
نورانی
a flash of lightning illuminated the house
Contest
Competition
Disguise
/dɪs’gaɪz/
Change your appearnces that people cannot recognize you
تغییر قیافه
we took elaborate measures to disguise ourselves as locals
Fraction
A small part of sth
کسر، شکستگی
Arise
/əˈraɪz
Happen, to start to exist
به وجود امدن
new difficulties had arisen
anonymous
/ə’nɑnɪməs/
[adj] with a name that is not known or that is not made public
[adj] written, given, made, etc. by sb who does not want their name to be known or made public
ناشناس
dissenter
/dɪˈsentər
[n] a person who does not agree with opinions that are officially or generally accepted
مخالفان
Dissenter Sentence Examples
complacency
[n] a feeling of satisfaction with yourself or with a situation, so that you do not think any change is necessary; the state of being complacent
رضایت از خود
correspond
/kɒrɪ’spɒnd/
[v] to be the same as or match sth
[v] to be similar to or the same as sth else
[v] to write letters to sb and receive letters from them
مطابق بودن
The numbers correspond to points on the map.
Comply
/kəm’plaɪ
To obey a rule
رعایت قوانین
Failure to comply with the regulations will result in prosecution
موافقت کردن
We are unable to comply with your request
Precise
Precisely
/prɪ’saɪs]
Clear and accurate
دقیق
دقیقا
Concise
kən’saɪs
Using few word
مختصر
A concise account of the country’s history
Incursion
/ɪn’kɜrʒn /-‘kɜːʃn
A sudden attack
هجوم
Incursions into enemy territory
Indignity
A situation that make you feel embarrassed
هتک ابرو
بی حرمتی
The indignity of needing financial help
Indication
Indicate
/ɪndɪ’keɪʃ(ə)n/
A remark, point
نشانه
نشان میدهد
The dotted lines indicate text’s margins
Disincline
dɪsɪn’klaɪn
Without motivation
بی میلی
Incline-متمایل شدن
he was inclined to accept the offer
Disintegrate
dɪs’ɪntɪgreɪt
Disinter
To break into small
متلاشی
تجزیه
it has become a relatively easy matter to disintegrate almost any atom
habitat
[n] the place where a particular type of animal or plant is normally found
زیستگاه
agriculture
[n] the science or practice of farming
کشاورزی
conflict
/kən’flɪkt
Conflicting
[n] a situation in which people, groups or countries are involved in a serious disagreement or argument
تعارض
Interact
Communicate
تعامل
Poach
To cook food
شکار غیرقانونی
تجاوز
20 tigers are thought to have been poached from national parks
a breakfast of poached egg and grilled bacon
Squelch
skweltʃ
Stop from growing
خفه کردن
له کردن
property developers tried to squelch public protest
Blench
To teact sth shows you are frightened
رنگ خود را باختن
he blenched and struggled to regain his composure
malnutrition
[n] a poor condition of health caused by a lack of food or a lack of the right type of food
سوتغذیه
nearly 67% of the country’s population suffers from malnutrition
adequate
Adequately
[adj] enough in quantity, or good enough in quality, for a particular purpose or need
کافی
prolong
[v] to make sth last longer
طولانی کردن
an idea that prolonged the life of the engine by many years
substantial
[adj] large in amount, value or importance
قابل توجه
a substantial amount of cash
tissue
[n] a collection of cells that form the different parts of humans, animals and plants
بافت
inflammation is a reaction of living tissue to infection or injury
Eventually
Finally
eventually, after midnight, I arrived at the hotel
Regulate
Control
تنظیم کردن
a hormone that regulates metabolism and organ function
supply
/n] an amount of sth that is provided or available to be used
ذخیره، عرضه
shrink
ʃrɪŋk
[v] to become smaller, especially when washed in water that is too hot; to make clothes, cloth, etc. smaller in this way
کوچک و منفبض
the workforce has shrunk to less than a thousand
I don’t shrink from my responsibilities
Vital
vaɪtl
Necessary, essential
drop
/drɑp
[v] to fall or allow sth to fall by accident
[v] to fall or make sth fall deliberately
رهاکردن، افت، سقوط
chill
/tʃɪl
[n] a feeling of being cold
سرد شدن
there was a chill in the air
Severe
Severity
Extermely bad
شدید
شدت
Proper
Appropriately
Right, appropriate,suitable
مناسب، مخصوص
Deplete
Depletion
To refuce sth
تخلیه
Depleting
reservoirs have been depleted by years of drought
Pellet
pelɪt
a small ball of a substance
Small mental that is fried from gun
گلوله
shotgun pellets
fish food pellets
Deafen
Unable to heard
کر شدن
We were deafened by the explosion
Surpass
To do better than other
پیشی گرفتن
He had surpassed all our expectations.
Irritable
Irritant
Getting annoyed easily
تحریک پذیر
تحریک کردن
به طرز ناراحت کننده ای
Jo was tired, irritable, and depressed
Commutable
kə’mjuːtəbl
Flexible
commutable country homes
Indisputable
ˌɪndɪˈspjutəb(ə)l/
That is true without any denied
بی چون و چرا
fuel
ˈfjuːəl
[n] any material that produces heat or power, usually when it is burnt
سوخت
Establish
Start for creating company
the British established a rich trade with Portugal
forage
ˈfɔrɪdʒ
[v] to search for food
[v] to search for sth, especially using the hands
[n] food for horses and cows
علوفه
People are being forced to forage for food and fuel.
critical
Crisis
[adj] expressing disapproval of sb/sth and saying what you think is bad about them
بحرانی
انتقادی
Reciprocal
Reciprocation
rɪ’sɪprəkl
Mutual
متقابل
He spoke of the necessity for a reciprocal relationship that would be useful for all sides
Eternity
Eternal
Time without end
ابدیت
ابدی
Concur
kən’kɜː
To agree
هم رای بودن
The committee largely concurred with these views.
Obtain
Get,catch
Sustain
Sustainable
Keep, maintain
پایدار
The government should do more to promote sustainable agriculture
Restrain
Stop from doing emotion
مهار کردن خود
Pertain
Depends
Predominance
Predominant
Being greater for overcoming other
غلبه
غالب
a predominance of boys in the class
Appurtenance
ə’pɜːtɪnəns
Thing forms a part of larg
متعلقات
Pierre came to pick them up in the long Mercedes and they piled in with all their bags and appurtenances
cultivate
ˈkʌltɪˌveɪt
[v] to prepare and use land for growing plants or crops
[v] to grow plants or crops
کشت کننده
The land was too rocky to cultivate
Classy
High quality
executive
ɪɡ’zekjətɪv
[n] a person who has an important job as a manager of a company or an organization
اجرایی
cosmetic
kɑz’metɪk
[n] a substance that you put on your face or body to make it more attractive
لوازم ارایشی
The cosmetic industry
We’re making a few cosmetic changes to the house before we sell it
folklore
n] the traditions and stories of a country or community
فرهنگ عامه
Folk=people
concoct
kən’kɑkt
[v] to make sth, especially food or drink, by mixing different things
[v] to invent a story, an excuse, etc.
سرهم کردن
John concocted an elaborate excuse for being late.
regimen
/redʒɪmən
n] a set of rules about food and exercise or medical treatment that you follow in order to stay healthy or to improve your health
پرهیز
رژیم
a regimen of morning stretching exercises
Patients maintain a strict dietary regimen.
Stalk/Stem
Stalked
Part of flower
ساقه
ساقه زدن
celery stalks
Potent
pəʊtənt
Strong
Having a string effect on your body and skin
قوی، نیرومند
thrones were potent symbols of authority
launch
[v] to start an activity, especially an organized one
راه اندازی
Roam
rəʊm
Walk travel
پرسه زدن
tigers once roamed over most of Asia
Prehistoric
Before history exsist
ماقبل تاریخ
Comprise
Part of member
شامل شدن
the country comprises twenty states
Exhibit
To show
Ancestore
A person in your family live a long time
جد
Congregate
Gather, to come in group, collect
جمع شدن
some 4000 demonstrators had congregated at a border point
Brink
Extreme edge
لبه
the brink of the cliffs
grasp
/ɡræsp
v] to take a firm hold of sb/sth
[v] to understand sth completely
فهم
Some people find the idea of relativity difficult to grasp
I grasped his arm firmly and led him away.
she grasped the bottle
chaotic
/keɪ’ɒtɪk
[adj] in a state of complete confusion and lack of order
بینظم
cognition
[n] the process by which knowledge and understanding is developed in the mind
شناخت
Cognitive
the regions of the brain that are responsible for memory and cognition
evolutionary
adj] connected with evolution ; connected with gradual development and change
تکاملی
the evolutionary development of birds
Superficial
Not deeply
سطحی
Even a superficial inspection revealed serious flaws
suspect
[v] to have an idea that sth is probably true or likely to happen, especially sth bad, but without having definite proof
مشکوک
I suspected that there was something wrong with the engine
strike
straɪk
[v] to hit sb/sth hard or with force
[v] to hit sb/sth with your hand or a weapon
نیش زدن، ضربه
She fell heavily, striking her head against the side of the boat
symptom
sɪmptəm
[n] a change in your body or mind that shows that you are not healthy
[n] a sign that sth exists, especially sth bad
علائم
venom
venəm
[n] the poisonous liquid that some snakes, spiders, etc. produce when they bite or sting you
زهر، سم
Venomous زهراگین
Dizziness
Kind of disease
Dizzy
سرگیجه
the medicine can cause dizziness or nausea
collapse
/kə’læps
[v] to fall down or fall in suddenly, often after breaking apart
سقوط فروپاشی، فروریختگی
Thousands of buildings collapsed in the earthquake
profound
adj] very great; felt or experienced very strongly
عمیق
profound feelings of disquiet
agitate
ædʒɪteɪt
[v] to argue strongly for sth you want, especially for changes in a law, in social conditions, etc.
برهم زدن
تحریک کردن
The unions continue to agitate for higher pay
I didn’t want to agitate her by telling her
Sensation
Feeling that you get when sth affect on your body
احساس
I had no sensation of pain whatsoever
Mangrove
Kind of tree
درخت حرا
Subsidy
The money that goverment pay
یارانه
Peculiarity
/pɪ‚kjuːlɪ’ærətɪ/
Strong and unusal feature
Puculiar
خصوصیات عجیب و غریب
Well, we all have our little peculiarities, don’t we?
Patriarchal
/peɪtrɪ’rkl /-‘ɑːkl]/
Ruled or controlled by men
پدرسالاری
a patriarchal society
Sphere
/sfɪr
A solid figure completely round
حوزه، قلمرو
political reforms to match those in the economic sphere
his new wife’s skill in the domestic sphere
Superior
Superiority
Best quality
برتر، مافوق
a superior officer
Extent
Extensively
Extension
How large
وسعت
به طور گسترده
Appendage
Smaller or less important, attachment
they treat Scotland as a mere appendage of England
Rigorous
rɪgərəs
Done carefully with a lot attention
سختگیرانه
the rigorous testing of consumer products
Credible
Credibility
kredəbl
Can be believed or trusted
معتبر
اعتبار
Conduct
/kən’dʌkt
To organize ir do particular activity
هدایت
his conduct of the campaign
Consitution
kɒnstɪ’tjuːʃn
Part of rules
قانون اساسی
Battle
Fight between armies
نبرد
Curtail
kɜː’teɪl
To limit sth
محدود
civil liberties were further curtailed
Infringe
ɪn’frɪndʒ
Infringement
To break a law
تخلف
نقض
I wouldn’t infringe on his privacy
Interlocutor
A person taking part in conversation with you
Interlocutor
Tend
To be likely to di sth
گرایش
Attitude=نگرش
Written language tend to be formal
Incendiary
ɪn’sendɪerɪ
Design to cause fire
اتش زا
Incineration سوزاندن
Municipality
Municipal
/mjuˈnɪsɪp(ə)l/
A town, city
شهرداری
infrastructure
/’ɪnfrə.strʌktʃər/
[n] the basic systems and services that are necessary for a country or an organization to run smoothly, for example buildings, transport and water and power supplies
زیرساخت
astound
/ə’staʊnd
[v] to surprise or shock sb very much
مبهوت
Revitalization
resurgence
rɪ’vaɪtlaɪ’zeɪʃn
Resurgence
تجدیدحیات
Revise;تجدید نظر
disrupt
[v] to make it difficult for sth to continue in the normal way
مختل کردن
Emission
/ɪˈmɪʃ(ə)n/
Publication
انتشار
Adhere
Stick firmly
پایبند
Civilization
/sɪvɪlaɪ’zeɪʃn
Culture
تمدن
Illustrate
ɪlə’streɪʃ
[n] a drawing or picture in a book, magazine, etc. especially one that explains sth
[n] the process of illustrating sth
نشان دادن
Botany
n] the scientific study of plants and their structure
گیاه شناسی
Resilience
Ability that pepole feel better after pleasent
انعطاف پذیر
Omniscience
ɑm’nɪʃns
God
دانایی کل
lustrous
/lʌstrəs/
adj] soft and shining
براق
solely
soʊlli
adv] only; not involving sb/sth else
contemplate
kɑntəm.pleɪt/
v] to think about whether you should do sth, or how you should do sth
[v] to think carefully about and accept the possibility of sth happening
اندیشیدن
svelte
adj] thin and attractive
Humor
Joke
evidence
/evɪdəns
Evident
n] the facts, signs or objects that make you believe that sth is true
[n] the information that is used in court to try to prove sth
شواهد و مدارک
مشهود
mortality
mɔr’tæləti
n] the state of being human and not living for ever
[n] the number of deaths in a particular situation or period of time
مرگ و میر
tie
taɪ
[v] to attach or hold two or more things together using string, rope, etc.; to fasten sb/sth with string, rope, etc.
کروات، روابط
Compel
Force to do, persuade
مجبور کردن
socialize
/soʊʃ(ə)l.aɪ
v] to meet and spend time with people in a friendly way, in order to enjoy yourself
[v] to teach people to behave in ways that are acceptable to their society
اجتماعی کردن
Salutary
Having good effect
مفید
Sanitary
Keeping place clean and healthy
بهداشتی
Solitary
Do alone without ant people
منفرد
Whimsical
Strange
غریب
mythical
Myth
mɪθɪkl
[adj] existing only in ancient myths
اسطوره
designation
dezɪɡ’neɪʃ
n] the action of choosing a person or thing for a particular purpose, or of giving them or it a particular status
تعیین کردن
Originate
origin
To happen or appear
نشات گرفته
منشا
اصل و نصب
Cumbersome
Heavy
Transmit
To send electronic signal
انتقال
Pedagogical
pedə’gɑdʒɪkl
Relating to teaching
اموزشی
Endow
Give a large sum of money, school
وقف کردن
Diverse
Various, a lit of diffrent kind
گوناگون
Struggle
/ˈstrʌɡ(ə)l//
To very hard to do sth
تقلا
Insufficient
Not enough
Suffice-کافی
Astronomy
Astronomer
The scientific study of the sun
ستاره شناسی
Celestial
sɪ’lestjəl
Of the sky or of heaven
اسمانی
Preliminary
prɪ’lɪmɪnərɪ
Happening before
مقدماتی
Trigger
The part of a gun
ماشه
علت یک واکنش بد
Propagate
To spread an idea
رواج دادن
Adolescence
A time when you become adult
بلوغ
Prevalence
Spread
شیوع
Cohort
Group of people who share common feature
گروه
Exacerbate
To make sth worse
تشدید
Witness
A person who sees sth happen and describe for other
شاهد
Flicker
To keep going on and off
سوسو زدن
Grind
To press sth in to a surface
سایبدن، اسیاب کردن، له کردن
ration
ræʃ(ə)n
[n] a fixed amount of food, fuel, etc. that you are officially allowed to have when there is not enough for everyone to have as much as they want, for example during a war
جیره
precede
prɪ’sid
v] to happen before sth or come before sth/sb in order
[v] to go in front of sb
مقدم تر، جلوتر
admonition
ædmə’nɪʃn
[n] a warning to sb about their behaviour
پند، نصیحت
commodity
/kə’mɑdəti/
n] a product or a raw material that can be bought and sold
کالا
quota
kwoʊtə
n] the limited number or amount of people or things that is officially allowed
سهمیه
claimant
Claim
kleɪmənt
n] a person who claims sth because they believe they have a right to it
مدعی
مطالبه
ادعا
Consumption
/kənˈsʌmpʃ(ə)n/
The act of using energy
مصرف
Substitude
Subsitution
Instend of
جایگزین
Exhort
To try hard to do
تشویق
nucleus
nukliəs
n] the part of an atom that contains most of its mass and that carries a positive electric charge
هسته اتم
detector
dɪ’tektər
n] a piece of equipment for discovering the presence of sth, such as metal, smoke, explosives or changes in pressure or temperature
اشکار سازی
Decay
Part of body for ex tooth that damage
پوسیدگی
scuba
ˈskubə
One called for the scuba-equipped men, later to be named the “gamma” , to leave a submerged submarine and attack enemy vessels.
I had never tried scuba diving before,
غواصی
gear
gɪr
[n] machinery in a vehicle that turns engine power (or power on a bicycle) into movement forwards or backwards
دنده
Diversity
daɪ’vɜːsətɪ
Variety
تنوع
Construction
Use for building
ساخت و ساز
abundant
Abound
adj] existing in large quantities; more than enough
فراوان
flourish
[flour·ish |
v] to develop quickly and be successful or common
شکوفا شدن
Finance
fi·nance
Money used to run a bussiness
سرمایهگذاری
دارایی
Optimal
Best choice
بهینه
Venue
/ˈvenˌju
Place for meeting, organize event
محل
Roughly
Rafli/
Not exactly,almost
تقریبا
Rough-خشن
Substance
Material
ماده
Enigma
ɪ’nɪgmə
A person, thing and other that is mysterious, puzzle
معما
Baffle
Confuse sb completely
سردرگم
Fiction
Fictional
A type of literature
داستان
تخیلی
Futile
fu·tile
No chancebto success
بیهوده
Fundamental
Serious and important
اساسی
Cargo
Burden
باربری
Evade
T escape from
طفره رفتن
Cooperate
cooperation
koʊˌɒpəˈreɪʃ(ə)n
Work together for achieve
همکاری کردن، مشارکت کردن
Synthetic
Artificial
ساختگی، مصنوعی
Enhance
To increase
Counsel
Advice by older people
مشاوره
Expense
The money that you spend on sth
هزینهها
Incur
In you incur cost you have to pay
متحمل شده
Degradation
Degrade
/ˌdeɡrəˈdeɪʃ(ə)n/
Situation in which sb lost all respect
تنزل
Tornado
tɔr’neɪdəʊ /tɔː
Violent storm
Confront
Confrontation
Face, appear to be dealt with sb
روبه رو شدن
تقابل
Flock
A group of sheep
گله
pulsate
ˈpʌlˌseɪt
[v] to make strong regular movements or sounds
[v] to be full of excitement or energy
حرکات دست جمعی
shoal
ʃoʊl
[n] a large number of fish swimming together as a group
[n] a small hill of sand just below the surface of the sea
دسته ماهی
predator
predətər
[n] an animal that kills and eats other animals
[n] a person or an organization that uses weaker people for their own advantage
شکارچی
mimic
mimicry
/ˈmɪmɪkri/
[v] to copy the way sb speaks, moves, behaves, etc., especially in order to make other people laugh
[v] to look or behave like sth else
تقلید کردن
investigate
Investigation
/ɪnˈvestɪˌɡeɪt/
[v] to carefully examine the facts of a situation, an event, a crime, etc. to find out the truth about it or how it happened
تحقیق کردن
aim
eɪm
n] the purpose of doing sth; what sb is trying to achieve
[n] the action or skill of pointing a weapon at sb/sth
[v] to try or plan to achieve sth
هدف
eloquent
eləkwənt
adj] able to use language and express your opinions well, especially when you are speaking in public
سخنور
hover
ˈhɒvə(r)/
v] to stay in the air in one place
[v] to wait somewhere, especially near sb, in a shy or uncertain manner
شناور
align
ə’laɪn
to arrange sth in the correct position, or to be in the correct position, in relation to sth else, especially in a straight line
هم تراز
Orbit
Path followed by a planet
مدار
Crucial
/ˈkruʃ(ə)l/
Extermely important
حیاتی
Delicate
Delicacy
Easily damage or broken
شکننده، ظریف
خوراک لذیذ
Intrigue
/ɪnˈtriɡ
Make sb interest and want to know more
جذاب
propellant
Propel
[n] a gas that forces out the contents of an aerosol
محرک، پیشران
سوق دادن
scramble
skræmb
v] to move quickly, especially with difficulty, using your hands to help you
[v] to push, fight or compete with others in order to get or to reach sth
تقلا
Worrisome
That make you worry
نگران کننده
Poise
Calm, good control,situation
متانت، ثابت، وضع،نکهداری
Hobble
To walk difficulty,
مانع پیشروی، لنگ زدن
decarbonize
di’kɑrbəˌnaɪz
Special solvents can be used to decarbonize and desulfurize waste catalysts to replace the high-temperature roasting pretreatment process.
کربن زدایی
sector
sektər
n] a part of an area of activity, especially of a country’s economy
[n] a part of a particular area, especially an area under military control
بخش
Daunt
dɔnt
Make sb feel nervous
دلهره
automaker
n] a company that makes cars
Fad
Sth that people like for short time
مد زودگذر
Restitution
restɪ’tuːʃn
Act giving back sth
جبران
Ordination
The act or ceremony
انتصاب
Protagonist
prəʊ’tægənɪst
The main characters
قهرمان داستان
Corpus
Colloection of written
مجموعه نوشتهها
Attribute
To say or believe sth
صفت، شهرت، جنبه
Stereotype
Fix idea that many people know that often not true in reality
کلیشه
Mariner
/mə’rin
Sailor
دریانورد
marine#دریایی
Drift
/drɪft
Movement from one place to another, of ship or plane,
رانش، جسم شناور
Shed
Small building, to get ride of
دهنه، ریختن برگ
mosquito
məˈskitoʊ
n] a flying insect that bites humans and animals and sucks their blood. One type of mosquito can spread the disease malaria .
پشه
Rampant
Prevalent,
شایع
whack
hwæk
[v] to hit sb/sth very hard
[v] to put sth somewhere without much care
ضربه زدن
boundary
baʊnd(ə)ri
[n] a real or imagined line that marks the limits or edges of sth and separates it from other things or places; a dividing line
مرز
tribe
Tribal
traɪb
n] (in developing countries) a group of people of the same race, and with the same customs, language, religion, etc., living in a particular area and often led by a chief
قبیله
Landlocked
Almost completely surrounded by land
محصور در خشکی
Conjecture
Opinion not base in reality just guess
حدس
Ethic
More principles that is person behaviour
اخلاق
Epic
Long poem about action
حماسه
Conceptualize
[con’cep·tu·al·ize || -laɪz]
Form an idea of sth in your mind
مفهوم سازی
Synthesize
/sɪnθəsɪs/
To combine
ترکیب کردن
Feasible
fɪːzəbl
That is possible
امکان پذیر
Valorization
Valuable
ارزش گذاری
Assess
To make judgement about nature
Calculate tge amount
ارزیابی
Assessment
intensive
Intensity
/ɪnˈtensɪti
[adj] involving a lot of work or activity done in a short time
[adj] extremely thorough; done with a lot of care
متمرکز، شدید
شدت
Practitioner
A person who work profession
متخصص
Petitioner
A person who make formal request
درخواست کننده
Possess
Possession
Have or own
مالک
مالکیت
tremendous
trə’mendəs
adj] very great
[adj] extremely good
فوق العاده
عظیم
Contemptuously
contempt
/kən’tempt/
When you count sb small
تحقیر امیر
تحقیر
slaughter
] the killing of animals for their meat
[n] the cruel killing of large numbers of people at one time, especially in a war
قتل عام
justify
v] to show that sb/sth is right or reasonable
[v] to give an explanation or excuse for sth or for doing sth
حق دادن، توجیه کردن
Spectator
Spectacular
spectate
spekˈtakyələr
n] a person who is watching an event, especially a sports event
تماشاگر
تماشایی، جذاب
تماشا کردن
sophisticate
Sophistication
/səˈfɪstɪkət
[n] a sophisticated person
پیچیده
Abolish
Officially end a law
لغو کردن
Relish
To get great pleasure from sth
رغبت، لذت بردن
Barbarous
barbarism
Extermely cruel
وحشیانه
dropout
/’drɑp.aʊt/
n] a person who leaves school or college before they have finished their studies
ترک تحصیل
Enroll
Enrollment
To arrange for yourself join course
ثبت نام
groundless
[adj] not based on reason or evidence
بی اساس
Considerably
/kənˈsɪd(ə)rəbli/
Much, lot
به طور قابل توجه
Undiagnosed
Dont diagnosed
تشخیص داده نشده
Exposure
Expose
State of being in situation
درمعرض قرار گرفتن
Expedition
Organized journey with special goal
سفر، اردو
Composure
Being calm
خونسردی
Incorporate
ɪnˈkɔrpəˌreɪt
Include sth part of thing
گنجاندن
Linguist
A person who know foreign language
وابسته به زبان خارجی
plethora
n] an amount that is greater than is needed or can be used
مقدار زیاد
Inundate
Cover an area of land with large amount if water
غرق شدن، اب گرفتگی
basement
] a room or rooms in a building, partly or completely below the level of the ground
زیرزمین
Residence
resident
residential
A house
محل سکونت
Intimidate
To frighten sb
ترساندن
Dilapidate
Ruin, destroy
فرسوده
Excessively
Excess
/ˈekˌses/
More than number
اضافی
بیش از حد
Interrogate
Interrogation
ɪnˌterəˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n/
Ask a lot question..
تحقیق، بازجویی
Accumulate
Cumulative
ˈkjumjəˌleɪtɪv
Get more and more in period of time
اندوختن
انباشتن
Venture
‘ventʃə(r)]
Bussiness i risk time
ریسک
Perceive
pər’sɪːv /pə’-
Become aware
درک، اگاه شدن
Suspend
Suspension
/səˈspenʃ(ə)n/
To hang sth from…
تعلیق، معلق کردن
Disperse
To move part and go away
پراکنده کردن
pervasive
pər’veɪsɪv
adj] existing in all parts of a place or thing; spreading gradually to affect all parts of a place or thing
فراگیر
Coalition
kəʊə’lɪʃn
More goverment work together
اتحاد، پیوستگی
Lifeblood
The thing that keeps strong healthy and its necessary
حیاتی
Equivalent
Equal in value, amount
معادل
liberalize
[v] to make sth such as a law or a political or religious system less strict
ازاد کردن، لیبرال کردن
aforementioned
adj] mentioned before, in an earlier sentence
فوق الذکر
Boom
A sudden increase economic
رونق
Excavation
excavate
‘ekskə.veɪt
Build hole specially work machine
حفاری
riverbank
n] the ground at the side of a river
ساحل رودخانه
inevitable
Inevitably
/ɪnˈevɪtəbli
adj] that you cannot avoid or prevent
[adj] so frequent that you always expect it
به ناچار
اجتناب ناپذیر
Phenomenon
Fact event in nature or society
پدیده
velocity
n] the speed of sth in a particular direction
[n] high speed
سرعت
fluvial
fluviəl
adj] connected with rivers
رودخانهای
Constant
Happening all the time or repeatedly
مقدار ثابت
Hypertension
Blood pressure
فشار خون
Cardiovascular
Connected with the heart and blood
قلب عروقی
displacement
n] the act of displacing sb/sth; the process of being displaced
[n] the amount of a liquid moved out of place by sth floating or put in it, especially a ship floating in water
جا به جایی
commissioner
[n] a member of a commission (= an official group of people who are responsible for controlling sth or finding out about sth)
رییس پلیس
refugee
Refuge
refjʊ’dʒɪː
n] a person who has been forced to leave their country or home, because there is a war or for political, religious or social reasons
پناهنده
Uproot
To pull a tree
ریشه کن کردن
Flee
To leave a person quickly,escape
فرار کردن
Livelihood
A means of earning in order to live
امرار معاش
Deposit
A sum of money that is given the first…
سپرده
Shell
Hard part of body for insect
پوسته، صدف
hermit
[n] a person who, usually for religious reasons, lives a very simple life alone and does not meet or talk to other people
گوشه نشین، زاهد
Bulk
The main part of sth
عمده، فله
Accommodate
/əˈkɑməˌdeɪt
Provid enough space,
تطبیق دادن، وقف دادن
venerate
‘venə.reɪt
[v] to have and show a lot of respect for sb/sth, especially sb/sth that is considered to be holy or very important
ارج نهادن، احترام
saint
seɪnt
n] a person that the Christian Church recognizes as being very holy, because of the way they have lived or died
[n] a very good, kind or patient person
قدیس
faith
feɪθ
n] trust in sb’s ability or knowledge; trust that sb/sth will do what has been promised
[n] strong religious belief
ایمان
Occupation
occupy
preoccupy
A job or profession
اشتغال، حرفه
اشغال کردن
مشغول کردن
Desperate
Desperatly
Feeling or showing you have little hope
مستاصل
ناامیدانه
Behalf
Regard
از طرف، بابت
seemingly
ˈsimɪŋli
[adv] in a way that appears to be true but may in fact not be
[adv] according to what you have read or heard، apparently
ظاهرا
Foster
ˈfɑstər
Encourage sth to develop
پرورش دادن
Resonate
To make a deep, clear sound that continues
طنین انداز
neophyte
/’niə.faɪt/
n] a person who has recently started an activity
[n] a person who has recently changed to a new religion
کاراموز
Acquaintance
Acquaint
A person that you know but it isnot close
اشنایی
Attain
Usually after a lot of effort, reach
به دست اوردن
Preface
Introduction
پیشگفتار
frustrate
/’frʌ.streɪt/
v] to make sb feel annoyed or impatient because they cannot do or achieve what they want
[v] to prevent sb from doing sth; to prevent sth from happening or succeeding
نا امید کننده
Supplement
sʌplɪmənt
Thing that is add to sth to improve
مکمل
Colonize
/ˈkɑləˌnaɪz/
Take control of an area that is not own
مستعمره
Banish
Order sb to leave a place
تبعید کردن
Descendant
de’scend·ant
Generation
نسل
chain
/tʃeɪn/
[n] a series of connected metal rings, used for pulling or fastening things; a length of chain used for a particular purpose
[n] a series of connected things or people
زنجیره، رشته، سلسله
destruction
Destructive
dɪ’strʌkʃ
[n] the act of destroying sth; the process of being destroyed
تخریب
مخرب
Jew
dʒu
n] a member of the people and cultural community whose traditional religion is Judaism and who come from the ancient Hebrew people of Israel; a person who believes in and practises Judaism
یهودی
ally
ə’laɪ
n] a country that has agreed to help and support another country, especially in case of a war
[n] a person who helps and supports sb who is in a difficult situation,
متحد، پیوستن
conquest
kɑŋ.kwest
n] the act of taking control of a country, city, etc. by force
[n] an area of land taken by force
[n] a person that sb has persuaded to love them or to have sex with them
پیروزی، فتح
indignation
ˌɪndɪɡˈneʃ(ə)n
[n] a feeling of anger and surprise caused by sth that you think is unfair or unreasonable
خشم
atrocity
ə’trɑsəti
[n] a cruel and violent act, especially in a war
بیرحمی
neutrality
Neutral
nu’træləti
n] the state of not supporting either side in a disagreement, competition or war
بیطرفه
خنثی
trade
treɪd
[n] the activity of buying and selling or of exchanging goods or services between people or countries
[n] a particular type of business
تجارت
declare
Declaration
dɪ’kleə
v] to say sth officially or publicly
[v] to state sth firmly and clearly
[v] to tell the tax authorities how much money you have earned
اعلام کردن، اظهار داشتن
embargo
n] an official order that bans trade with another country
[v] to place an embargo on sth
تحریمها
seizure
siʒər/
n] the use of legal authority to take sth from sb; an amount of sth that is taken in this way
[n] the act of using force to take control of a country, town, etc.
تصرف
arouse
ə’raʊz
v] to make sb have a particular feeling or attitude
[v] to make sb feel sexually excited
[v] to make you feel more active and want to start doing sth
برانگیخته شدن
prejudice
predʒʊdɪs
n] an unreasonable dislike of or preference for a person, group, custom, etc., especially when it is based on their race, religion, sex, etc.
تعصب
acute
adj] very serious or severe
[adj] anacute illness is one that has quickly become severe and dangerous
[adj] very sensitive and well developed
حاد، تند
grant
v] to agree to give sb what they ask for, especially formal or legal permission to do sth
[v] to admit that sth is true, although you may not like or agree
اعطا کردن، تصدیق کردن،
brute
n] a man who treats people in an unkind, cruel way
[n] a large strong animal
[n] a thing which is awkward and unpleasant
[adj] involving
بی رحم
protest
Protester
/prəˈtestər/
n] the expression of strong disagreement with or opposition to sth; a statement or an action that shows this
اعتراض
معترض
loot
[v] to steal things from shops/stores or buildings after a riot , fire, etc.
[n] money and valuable objects taken by soldiers from the enemy after winning a battle
غارت
pillage
pɪlɪdʒ
[v] to steal things from a place or region, especially in a war, using violence
غارت، تاراج
upward
ʌpwərd
adj] pointing towards or facing a higher place
[adj] increasing in amount or price
به طرف بالا
myriad
mɪrɪəd
n] an extremely large number of sth
بی شمار
shallow
adj] not having much distance between the top or surface and the bottom
[adj] not showing serious thought, feelings, etc. about sth
کم عمق، سطحی
remnant
/remnənt/
[n] a part of sth that is left after the other parts have been used, removed, destroyed, etc.
باقی مانده
fertile
Fertility
Fertilizer
adj] that plants grow well in
[adj] that can produce babies, young animals, fruit or new plants
[adj] that produces good results; that encourages activity
بارور، حاصلخیز
کود
arable
adj] connected with growing crops such as wheat
قابل کشت
absorb
Absorption
v] to take in a liquid, gas or other substance from the surface or space around
[v] to make sth smaller become part of sth larger
جذب کردن، اب کشی
جذب
southern
[adj] located in the south or facing south; connected with or typical of the south part of the world or a region
جنوبی
hemisphere
[n] one half of the earth, especially the half above or below the equator
[n] either half of the brain
[n] one half of a sphere (= a round solid object)
نیمکره
fluctuation
Fluctuade
flʌktʃʊ’eɪʃn
The impact of output fluctuation is often magnified. Furthermore, the globalization of supply chain accelerates this reaction.
نوسان
restriction
Restrict
/rɪ’strɪkʃ(ə)n
n] a rule or law that limits what you can do or what can happen
[n] the act of limiting or controlling sb/sth
محدودیت
loch
lɑk
n] a lake or a narrow strip of sea almost surrounded by land
دریاچه
revel
v] to spend time enjoying yourself in a noisy, enthusiastic way
خوشگذرانی
pebble
[n] a smooth, round stone that is found in or near water
سنگ ریزه
enclave
ɑŋ.kleɪv
n] an area of a country or city where the people have a different religion, culture or nationality from those who live in the country or city that surrounds it
محصور
shelter
[n] the fact of having a place to live or stay, considered as a basic human need
[n] protection from rain, danger or attack
پناه
indulge
ɪn’dʌldʒ
v] to allow yourself to have or do sth that you like, especially sth that is considered bad for you
[v] to satisfy a particular desire, interest, etc.
افراطی
delight
n] a feeling of great pleasure
[n] something that gives you great pleasure
خوشحال
prolific
adj] producing many works, etc.
[adj] producing a lot of fruit, flowers, young, etc.
پربار،
periphery
pə’rɪf(ə)ri
n] the outer edge of a particular area
[n] the less important part of sth, for example of a particular activity or of a social or political group
پیرامونی
pour
pɔr
v] to make a liquid or other substance flow from a container in a continuous stream, especially by holding the container at an angle
ریختن
weapon
wepən
n] an object such as a knife, gun, bomb, etc. that is used for fighting or attacking sb
[n] something such as knowledge, words, actions, etc. that can be used to attack or fight
سلاح
Patent
Record the invention
ثبت اختراع
manufacture
Manufacturer
v] to make goods in large quantities, using machinery
[v] to invent a story, an excuse, etc.
[v] to produce a substance
ساخت
سازنده
Cruelty
Cruel
ظلم وستم
Culminate
Culmination
End with a particular result
به حد اعلی رسیدن
Persecution
Persecute
/pɜrsɪ’kjuːʃn /‚pɜː-]:
Tolerate bad behaviour
ازار و اذیت
Promulgate
prɑmlgeɪt
To spread an idea, among many people, announce
اعلام کردن
Discretion
Discrete
Discretionary
The freedom or power to decide
اختیار
گسسته، مجزا
اختیاری
Impose
To introduce a new law
تحمیل کردن
Dispose
To arrange in a particular way, have particular way
انتقال،مرتب کردن
Legitimate
/lɪ’dʒɪtɪmət
For which tgere is fair
مشروع، قانونی
Feeble
/fɪːbl
Very weak
ضعیف
Tedious
/tɪːdɪəs/
Tediously
Lasting and nothing long not intersting
خسته کننده
خسته کننده
Manipulate
To control or influence
دستکاری کردن
Counterproductive
Having the opposite
معکوس
Pioneer
paɪə’nɪr
Aperson who is the first to ..
پیشگام
Vanish
Disappear suddenly
ناپدید شدن
Linger
lɪŋgə(r)]
To continue to exist
معطل
Alliance
ə’laɪəns
Agreement between countries
اتحاد، پیوستگی
Nemesis
Punishment or defeat
دشمن
Deficient
Deficit
/ˈdefəsɪt
Not having enough of sth
دارای کمبود
کمبود
Domestic
/dəˈmestɪk
Inside a particular country
داخلی
Majestic
Impressive because of beauty
باشکوه
Irretrievable
You can never make right
غیرقابل برگشت
Fauna
/ˈfɔnə
All thr animal
جانوران
Leeward
On the side of sth that wind…
بادگیر
Trivial
Not important or serious
بدیهی، جزئی
Stature
Respect for height
قامت
Authentic
/ɔ’θentɪk/
Known to be real
معتبر
Respite
‘respaɪt ,pɪt
A short break
مهلت
Rudeness
Impolite way
بی ادبی
Caress
kə’res
To touch sb
بی ادبی
نوازش
دلجویی
Inquire
Ask, question
جویا شدن
Defile
To make sth dirty
الوده کردن
Royalty
Sum of money
حق امتیاز
Provisional
Temporary
موقت
Confidentiality
Expect keep information
محرمانه بودن
Slightly
/slaɪtli/
A little
اندکی
Saturate
Saturation
sætʃəreɪt
To make sth completely wet
اشباع کردن
Deviation
diːvɪ’eɪʃn
Tha act moving away
انحراف
Abjure
əb’dʒʊə
To promise give up or reject a belief
چشم پوشی کردن
Obfuscate
/ɑbfʌskeɪt /’ɒb-]
To make sth less clear
مبهم
Anticipate
æn’tɪsɪpeɪt
To expect sth
پیشبینی کردن
Sequestrate
sɪ’kwestreɪt
To take control of sb property
توقیف کردن
Proficiency
Skill
مهارت
Represent
Representative
ˌreprɪˈzentətɪv
Member of a group
نمایندگی
نشان دادن
Barrier
/bærɪə
Object like a fence that prevent people
مانع
stake
Stakeholder
/steɪk
n] a wooden or metal post that is pointed at one end and pushed into the ground in order to support sth, mark a particular place, etc.
سهام
ذینفع
merely
Mere
mɪrli
adv] used meaning ‘only’ or ‘simply’ to emphasize a fact or sth that you are saying
صرفا
محض
paraphernalia
pærəfər’neɪlɪə
[n] a large number of objects or personal possessions, especially the equipment that you need for a particular activity
لوازم جانبی
Influx
ˈɪnˌflʌks
Act of a lot of people
هجوم
Glitter
Shine brightly with flashes
زرق و برق
Flutter
Move lightly and quickly
بال بال زدن
Loiter
‘lɔɪtə(r)]
Stand or wait with no obvious reason
سرگردان
Jitter
Feeling anxious
پریشان
moral
Morality
/məˈræləti
adj] concerned with principles of right and wrong behaviour
[adj] based on your own sense of what is right and fair, not on legal rights or duties
اخلاقی
condemnation
[n] an expression of very strong disapproval
سرزنش، محکومیت
Gleam
/glɪːm
Shine with a pale
سوسو زدن
suspicion
n] a feeling that sb has done sth wrong, illegal or dishonest, even though you have no proof
[n] a feeling or belief that sth is true, even though you have no proof
سو ظن
Bear
To be able to accept and deal with stg unpleasant, tolerate
تحمل کردن
weary
wɪrɪ
adj] very tired, especially after you have been working hard or doing sth for a long time
خسته
amply
/æmplɪ
A lot
فراوان
beneath
bɪ’niːθ
prep] in or to a lower position than sb/sth; under sb/sth
[prep] not good enough for sb
در زیر
Pernicious
pər’nɪʃəs /pə-]
Having a very harmful effect
مخرب
poignant
ˈpɔɪnjənt
adj] having a strong effect on your feelings, especially in a way that makes you feel sad
مخرب
mock
/mɑk/
v] to laugh at sb/sth in an unkind way, especially by copying what they say or do
[v] to show no respect for sth
[adj] not sincere
مسخره کردن
perseverance
Persevere
ˌpɜrsəˈvɪrəns
[n] the quality of continuing to try to achieve a particular aim despite difficulties
استقامت
Erosion
When the soil came down
فرسایش
Speck
/Spek/
Small spot
لکه، خال
Provision
The act of supplying sb
تدارکات
Gauge
geɪdʒ
An instrument for measuring the amout or level
پیمانه
Simultaneously
Together
همزمان
Indeed
ɪn’dɪːd
Use to emphasize
درواقع
Rational
ræʃə’næl
The principles which explain decision
بنیاد و پایه
منطق
Unparalleled
Used to emphasize
بی نظیر
Triumph
traɪəmf
A great success
پیروزی
Intense
Intensity
Very great
شدید، قوی
Meteorite
mːɪtɪəraɪt
A piece of rock
شهاب سنگ
Emit
To send out sth such as light
بیرون ریختن
Faeces
fɪːsɪːz
Solid waste material leave the body
مدفوع
Aggressive
Angry
خشونت امیز
Subconsciously
subconscious
/sʌb’kɑnʃəs/
Act that…
ناخوداگاه
strain
/streɪn
n] pressure on sb/sth because they have too much to do or manage, or sth very difficult to deal with; the problems, worry or anxiety that this produces
[n] the pressure that is put on sth
زور، کشش، نژاد، تقلا
relief
n] the feeling of happiness that you have when sth unpleasant stops or does not happen
[n] the act of removing or reducing pain, anxiety, etc.
تسکین
toil
/tɔɪl
v] to work very hard and/or for a long time, usually doing hard physical work
[v] to move slowly and with difficulty
زحمت کشیدن
dud
n] a thing that is useless, especially because it does not work correctly
[n] clothes
[adj] useless; that does not work correctly
هرچیز خراب،
filament
fɪləmənt
[n] a thin wire in a light bulb that produces light when electricity is passed through it
[n] a long thin piece of sth that looks like a thread
رشته، تار
fracture
n] a break in a bone or other hard material
[n] the fact of sth breaking, especially a bone
[v] to break or crack; to make sth break or crack
شکستگی
Rear
Rearward
Back, behind
عقب
iceberg
n] an extremely large mass of ice floating in the sea
کوه یخ
trickle
v] to flow, or to make sth flow, slowly in a thin stream
[v] to go, or to make sth go, somewhere slowly or gradually
[n] a small amount of liquid, flowing slowly
[n] a small amount or number of sth, coming or going slowly
چکه
crack
v] to break without dividing into separate parts; to break sth in this way
[v] to break open or into pieces; to break sth in this way
ترک
chunk
n] a thick solid piece that has been cut or broken off sth
[n] a fairly large amount of sth
تکه
sink
v] to go down below the surface or towards the bottom of a liquid or soft substance
[v] to damage a boat or ship so that it goes below the surface of the sea, etc.
Past:: sank
فرو رفتن
subordinate
[adj] having less power or authority than sb else in a group or an organization
[adj] less important than sth else
تابع، وابسته
broom
/brum/
[n] a brush on the end of a long handle, used for sweeping floors
[n] a wild bush with small yellow flowers
جارو
janitor
Person who keep building
سرایدار
hesitate
hezɪteɪt
v] to be slow to speak or act because you feel uncertain or nervous
[v] to be worried about doing sth, especially because you are not sure that it is right or
تردید کردن
thus
ðʌs
adv] in this way; like this
[adv] as a result of sth just mentioned
بدین ترتیب
hostility
Hostile
n] unfriendly or aggressive feelings or behaviour
[n] strong and angry opposition towards an idea, a plan or a situation
[n] acts of fighting in a war
خصومت
infant
n] a baby or very young child
[n] a child at school between the ages of four and seven
[adj] designed to be used by infants
[adj] new and not yet developed
نوزاد
neurological
[adj] relating to nerves or to the science of neurology
عصبی
evaluate
/ɪˈvæljuˌeɪt
v] to think about sth again, especially in order to form a new opinion about it
ارزیابی، سنجیدن
surround
/səˈraʊnd/
v] to be all around sth/sb
[v] to move into position all around sb/sth, especially so as to prevent them from escaping; to move sb/sth into position in this way
احاطه، کاور
clarity
n] the quality of being expressed clearly
[n] the ability to think about or understand sth clearly
وضوح
rebuttal
rɪ’bʌtl
When sth become reject
رد کردن
straightforward
adj] easy to do or to understand; not complicated
[adj] honest and open; not trying to trick sb or hide sth
سر راست
promoted
/prə’moʊt/
v] to help sth to happen or develop
[v] to help sell a product, service, etc. or make it more popular by advertising it or offering it at a special price
ترویج
testament
n] a thing that shows that sth else exists or is true
وصیت نامه
unravel
/ʌnˈræv(ə)l/
v] if youunravel threads that are twisted, woven or knitted, or if theyunravel , they become separated
[v] to start to fail or no longer stay together as a whole
باز کردن، حل کردن
fellow
[n] a way of referring to a man or boy
[n] a person that you work with or that is like you; a thing that is similar to the one mentioned
مرد، همکار
entice
[v] to persuade sb/sth to go somewhere or to do sth, usually by offering them sth
فریب دادن
peek
v] to look at sth quickly and secretly because you should not be looking at it
[v] to be just visible
زیرچشمی نگاه کردن
manuscript
[n] a copy of a book, piece of music, etc. before it has been printed
[n] a very old book or document that was written by hand before printing was invented
نسخه خطی
ultimate
Ultimately
adj] happening at the end of a long process
[adj] most extreme; best, worst, greatest, most important, etc.
نهایی
درنهایت
five-fold
When use for more than one
پنج برابر
proportion
/prəˈpɔrʃ(ə)n/
n] a part or share of a whole
[n] the relationship of one thing to another in size, amount, etc.
تناسب، قسمت
Aggravate
To make an illness or bad situation worse
تشدید
Alleviate
ə’liːvɪeɪt]
To make sth less severe
تخفیف دادن
تسکین دادن
Agglomerate
ə’glɒməreɪt
Mass or collection of thing
متراکم کردن، جمع شدن
Broadly
Generally
به طور گسترده
Grandly
A larg way
بزرگ
Depose
dɪ’pəʊz
To remove sb
خلع کردن، عزل کردن
Rescind
rɪ’sɪnd
State that a law
لغو کردن،فسخ کردن
Traverse
Cross an area
پیمودن، گذشتن از
Modify
Modification
/ˌmɑdɪfɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/
To change sth
تغییر، اصلاح کردن
Ratio
Relationship between
نسبت
Devise
/dɪˈvaɪz
To invent sth new or new way of doing
تدبیر، درست کردن,تعبیه کردن، اختراع
Ensure
To make sure that sth happen
اطمینان حاصل شود
Assure
To tell sb that is definitly true
اطمینان دادن
Ensue
To happen after
به دنبال داشته باشد، بعدامدن
Sedentary
You spend a lot of time sitting down
غیر متحرک، نشسته
Resurface
To put a new surface on a road
دوباره ظاهر شدن
Resuscitate
rɪ’sʌsɪteɪt
To make sh start breathing again
احیا کنند، زنده کردن
Maladjusted
mælə’dʒʌstɪd
Having mental and emotional problem
ناسازگار
Increment
Regular increase
افزایش
Abatement
Decrease
کاهش
Resentment
Feeling of anger
رنجش
Sue
suː
Sued
To make a claim…
شکایت کردن
Pursue
Pursuit
To do sth or try to achieve
دنبال کردن
دستیابی
Illusive
Illusion
/ɪˈluʒ(ə)n/
Not real although
توهم امیز
توهم
Reclusive
rɪ’kluːsɪv
A person that isnot sociable
منزوی
Conclusive
Providing sth no doubt
قطعی
Fade
To become less bright
محو شدن
Fade away
Decline
A continuous decrease
کاهش یافتن
Soar
To rise quickly,
اوج گرفتن
Rocket
A kind of tools
موشک
Fascination
Fascinate
A very strong attractive
شیفتگی
جذب کردن
Composition
A piece of music.., the act of composing
ترکیب بندی
Authenticity
The quality of being genuine
اعتبار
Meanwhile
While sth else is happening
در ضمن
Magnitude
The degree which a star is bright
اندازه
Strip
To take of all your clothes
محروم کردن از، برهنه کردن
Retribution
/[ret·ri·bu·tion || ‚retrɪ’bjuːʃn
Severe punishment
قصاص، مجازات
Swallow
Make food without chewing
بلع
Supernova
Star that suddenly become much brighter
Throughout
Every part
در سراسر
Dynasty
ˈdaɪnəsti
A serious of rules
سلسله
Aspect
æspekt/
A particular part
جنبه
Acquire
ə’kwaɪə
To gain sth
به دست اوردن
Provoke
To cause particular reaction
تحریک، دامن زدن، برانگیختن
Plantation
Large area
مزرعه
Dense
Density
Containing a lot of people
متراکم
Nightmare
A dream that is very frightening
کابوس
United
Join together
متحد
Plausible
/ˈplɔzəb(ə)l/
Reasonable and likely to be true
پذیرفتنی، محتمل
Contagious
kənˈteɪdʒəs
Disease spread by people
مسری
Attune
/at·tune || ə’tjuːn]
Adapt
هماهنگ
Empathy
Ability to undrestand
یکدلی
تلقین
Merchant
/mer·chant || ‘mɜrtʃənt /’mɜː-]
A person who buy and sell
تاجر
Nonetheless
/ˌnʌnðəˈles
Despite this fact
با این وجود
Vessel
Big ship
Affection
/af’fec·tion || -kʃn]
Feeling of liking
محبت
narrative
/nerətɪv/
n] a description of events, especially in a novel
[n] the act, process or skill of telling a story
روایت
Guilt
/gɪlt/
Unhappy feelings by knowing have done
احساس گناه
prosecution
prɑsɪ’kjuʃ(n
[n] the process of trying to prove in court that sb is guilty of a crime(= of prosecuting them) ; the process of being officially charged with a crime in court
پیگرد قانونی
Seek
Si:k
P.p sought
Look for sth
p.p: sought
به دنبال
Tyranny
/Tireni/
Unfair or cruel
ستم
Inward
/in·ward || ‘ɪnwə(r)d
Inside your mind
درون
Commitment
commit
/com’mit·ment || -mənt/
Promist to do
تعهد
enrolment
ɪn’roʊlmənt
[n] the act of officially joining a course, school, etc.; the number of
ثبت نام
maternal
mə’tɜrn(ə)l
adj] having feelings that are typical of a caring mother towards a child
مادری
untangle
ʌn’tæŋɡ(ə)l/
v] to undo string, hair, wire, etc. that has become twisted or has knots in it
[v] to make sth that is complicated or confusing easier to deal with or understand
گره گشایی، حل کردن مشکل
revenue
revənju
n] the money that a government receives from taxes or that an organization, etc. receives from its business
درامد
insurance
ɪn’ʃʊrəns
n] an arrangement with a company in which you pay them regular amounts of money and they agree to pay the costs, for example, if you die or are ill/sick, or if you
بیمه
Champion
A person who won a competition
قهرمان
Pests
Kind of insect
افت
Pillar
/pil·lar || ‘pɪlə(r)]
A larg stone
ستون
genre
ʒɑnrə
n] a particular type or style of literature, art, film or music that you can recognize because of its special features
ژانر، دسته
extraordinary
ɪk’strɔrd(ə)n.eri/
[adj] unexpected, surprising or strange
[adj] not normal or ordinary; greater or better than usual
خارق العااده
Groundbreaking
Using new method
پیشگامانه
Reign
/reɪn
Period during which a king
سلطنت کنند
Contaminate
/con’tam·i·nate || -neɪt]
Make a substance dirty
الوده کردن
Purge
pɜrdʒ /pɜː-]
Remove people
پاکسازی
Assassin
as·sas·sin || ə’sæsɪn]
A person who kiled sb
قاتل
Parole
pa·role || pə’rəʊl
Permission that give freedom to sb
ازادی مشروط
Toddler
/tod·dler || ‘tɑdlə(r) /’tɒd-]
A kid that walking now
کودک نوپا
Remorse
/re·morse || rɪ’mɔrs /-‘mɔːs/
Feeling sorry
پشیمانی
Deprivation
/dep·ri·va·tion/
The fact of not having sth
محرومیت
Onslaught
[‘ɑnslɔːt /’ɒn-/
A strong attack
حمله
Tribute
/trib·ute /
An act for respect
احترام
Scatter
scat·ter
To throw things in different
پراکنده کردن
reenactment
/rɪːɪ’næktmənt
It later emerged that the arrest seen by the public was in fact a reenactment stage by the police for the news media
اجرا یا نمایش مجدد
partly
/pɑrtli/
adv] to some extent; not completely
تا حدی، نسبتا
leisure
/leʒər
n] time that is spent doing what you enjoy when you are not working or studying
اوقات فراغت
assert
Assertive
Assertion
/ə’sɜrt/
v] to state clearly and firmly that sth is true
[v] to behave in a confident and determined way so that other people pay attention to your opinions
ادعا کردن، اثبات کردن
اظهار کننده
battlefield
/ˈbæt(ə)lˌfild/
n] a place where a battle is being fought or has been fought
[n] a subject that people feel strongly about and argue about
میدان جنگ
purport
pɜrpɔrt/
v] to claim to be sth or to have done sth, when this may not be true
[n] the general meaning of sth
ادعا کردن، مدعی،مفهوم
confederate
/kən’fedərət
n] a person who helps sb, especially to do sth illegal or secret
[adj] belonging to a confederacy
هم پیمان، کنفدراسیون
apparatus
/æpə’reɪtəs
n] the tools or other pieces of equipment that are needed for a particular activity or task
[n] the structure of a system or an organization, particularly that of a political party or a government
دستگاه، ابزار
genuine
/dʒenjuɪn
ˈjenyo͞oən
[adj] real; exactly what it appears to be; not artificial
[adj] sincere and honest; that can be trusted
واقعی، اصل، خالص
approximate
/ap·prox·i·mate || ə’prɒksɪmət]
[adj] almost correct or accurate, but not completely so
[v] to be similar or close to sth in nature, quality, amount, etc., but not exactly the same
تقریبی، تقریب زدن
edible
/edəb(ə)l
adj] fit or suitable to be eaten; not poisonous
خوراکی، خوردنی
crystallize
/ˈkristəˌlīz
[v] to become clear and fixed; to make thoughts, beliefs, etc. clear and fixed
[v] to form or make sth form into crystals
متبلور شدن
receptor
/rɪ’septər
[n] a sense organ or nerve ending in the body that reacts to changes such as heat or cold and makes the body react in a particular way
گیرنده، پذیرایی کننده
perception
/pər’sepʃən
n] the way you notice things, especially with the senses
[n] the ability to understand the true nature of sth
ادراک، حس
stride
/straɪd/
v] to walk with long steps in a particular direction
[n] one long step; the distance covered by a step
گامهای بلند برداشتن
lump
/lʌmp
n] a piece of sth hard or solid, usually without a particular shape
[n] a swelling under the skin, sometimes a sign of serious illness
توده
morsel
/ˈmɒrs(ə)l/
[n] a small amount or a piece of sth, especially food
لقمه، تکه
scorch
/skɔrtʃ/
[v] to burn and slightly damage a surface by making it too hot; to be slightly burned by heat
سوزاندن، تاول
evolve
/ɪ’vɑlv/
v] to develop gradually, especially from a simple to a more complicated form; to develop sth in this way
[v] to develop over time, often many generations, into forms that are better adapted to survive changes in their environment
تکامل یافتن
tempt
v] to attract sb or make sb want to do or have sth, even if they know it is wrong
[v] to persuade or try to persuade sb to do sth that you want them to do, for example by offering them sth
وسوسه کردن، اغوا کردن
behold
Beholder
bɪ’hoʊld/
[v] to look at or see sb/sth
ببین، مشاهده کردن
مخاطب
extraneous
/ɪk’streɪniəs/
[adj] not directly connected with the particular situation you are in or the subject you are dealing with
فرعی، خارجی
disarm
/dɪs’ɑrm/
v] to take a weapon or weapons away from sb
[v] to reduce the size of an army or to give up some or all weapons, especially nuclear weapons
خلع سلاح کردن،
grin
/ɡrɪn/
v] to smile widely
[n] a wide smile
پوزخند
facetious
/fə’siʃəs/
[adj] trying to appear amusing and intelligent at a time when other people do not think it is appropriate, and when it would be better to be serious
ظاهری، شوخ، شوخی بی جا
inspiration
Inspire
/ɪnspɪ’reɪʃ
n] the process that takes place when sb sees or hears sth that causes them to have exciting new ideas or makes them want to create sth, especially in art, music or literature
الهام گرفتن، تشویق
الهام بخشیدن
dwell
/dwel/
v] to live somewhere
ساکن بودن
occasion
Occasionally
ə’keɪʒ(ə)n/
n] a particular time when sth happens
[n] a special event, ceremony or celebration
[n] a suitable time for sth
فرصت، مناسبت، زمان مشخص
گاه و بیگاه
gratify
/’ɡrætɪ.faɪ/
v] to please or satisfy sb
[v] to satisfy a wish, need, etc.
خشنود و راضی کردن
palate
/pælət/
n] the top part of the inside of the mouth
[n] the ability to recognize and/or enjoy good food and drink
کام، زائقه
acknowledge
/ək’nɒlɪdʒ/
v] to accept that sth is true
[v] to accept that sb/sth has a particular authority or status
[v] to tell sb that you have received sth that they sent to you
تصدیق کردن
cast
/kæst/
v] to look, smile, etc. in a particular direction
[v] to make light, a shadow, etc. appear in a particular place
قالب
distant
/dɪstənt/
adj] far away in space or time
[adj] not like sth else
[adj] related to you but not closely
غیرصمیمی، دور
seamless
/ˈsimləs/
adj] without a seam
[adj] with no spaces or pauses between one part and the next
بدون درز
frontier
/frʌn’tɪr/
n] a line that separates two countries, etc.; the land near this line
[n] the edge of land where people live and have built towns, beyond which the country is wild and unknown,
مرز، خط فاصل
initiative
Initiate
/ɪ’nɪʃətɪv/
n] a new plan for dealing with a particular problem or for achieving a particular purpose
[n] the ability to decide and act on your own without waiting for sb to tell you what to do
ابتکارعمل، پیش قدمی
sustainably
All thing is stable
پایدار
footprint
n] a mark left on a surface by a person’s foot or shoe or by an animal’s foot
ردپای
smoothie
/smuði/
n] a man who dresses well and talks very politely and confidently but who is often not honest or sincere
ادم چرب زبان، مبادی اداب
expertise
/ekspər’tiz/
n] expert knowledge or skill in a particular subject, activity or job
تخصص و تجربه
acquisition
/ækwɪ’zɪʃ/
n] the act of getting sth, especially knowledge, a skill, etc.
[n] something that sb buys to add to what they already own, usually sth valuable
تحصیل، مالکیت
attainment
/ə’teɪnmənt/
[n] something that you achieved
[n] success in achieving sth
حصول، دستیابی
presence
/prezəns/
n] the fact of being in a particular place
[n] the fact of being in a particular place or thing
حضور
absence
/æbsəns/
n] the fact of sb being away from a place where they are usually expected to be; the occasion or period of time when sb is away
غیبت
inborn
/ɪn’bɔrn/
adj] aninborn quality is one that you are born with
ذاتی
innate
/ˌiˈneɪt/
[adj] that you have when you are born
ذاتی
margin
/mɑrdʒɪn/
n] the empty space at the side of a written or printed page
[n] the amount of time, or number of votes, etc. by which sb wins sth
لبه، حاشیه
rationality
Use by mind
عقلانیت
dogma
/dɔɡmə/
n] a belief or set of beliefs held by a group or organization, which others are expected to accept without argument
عقیده تعصب امیز
jargon
/dʒɑ:gən/
n] words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group of people, and are difficult for others to understand
اصطلاحات تخصصی
tend
v] to be likely to do sth or to happen in a particular way because this is what often or usually happens
تمایل
transit
/trænsɪt/
[n] the process of being moved or carried from one place to another
[n] the act of going through a place on the way to somewhere else
عبور، انتقال
acoustics
/ə’kustɪks/
n] the shape, design, etc. of a room or theatre that make it good or bad for carrying sound
[n] the scientific study of sound
صوت شناسی، اکوستیک
prominence
Prominent
/prɑmɪnəns/
n] the state of being important, well known or noticeable
برجستگی
برجسته
intimate
/ɪntɪmət
adj] having a close and friendly relationship
[adj] private and personal, often in a sexual way
صمیمی
Spectacles
/spektəkl
Glasses
عینک
تماشایی
Exclusive
ɪk’skluːsɪv]
Only to be used bye one
انحصاری
Erroneous
ɪ’rəʊnjəs
Not correct
اشتباه
Smirk
[smɜrk /smɜːk
Smile in a silly
پوزخند
Vehement
vɪəmənt
Showing very strong
به شدت
Deity
diːɪtɪ]
A god ir goddness
خدایی
Spoil
Spoilage
Change good to bad
از بین بردن
Slot
A long narrow opening
شکاف
Prior
/praɪə(r
Happening before ..
قبل
Distribute
To give thing to large people
توزیع کردن، پخش کردن
Toolkit
A set of tools
ابزار
Fledgling
fledʒlɪŋ]
A young girl
نوپا
Spawn
To lay eggs
تخم ریزی
Arch
A curved structure
قوس، طاق
Vet
Doctor of animal
دامپزشک
Vulnerable
/’vʌln(ə)rəb(ə)l/
Vulnerability
Weak and easily hurt
اسیب پذیر
Reputation
repjə’teɪʃn
The opinion that…
شهرت، ابرو
اعتبار
سابقه
Knot
nɒt
Join made together
گره
fort
/fɔrt
n] a building or buildings built in order to defend an area against attack
[n] a place where soldiers live and have their training
قلعه
volume
‘vɑl.jum
n] the amount of space that an object or a substance fills; the amount of space that a container has
[n] the amount of sth
conduit
/kɑndɪt
n] a pipe, channel or tube which liquid, gas or electrical wire can pass through
[n] a person, an organization or a country that is used to pass things or information to other people or places
مجرا
competent
Competence
/kɑmpɪtənt/ /
adj] having enough skill or knowledge to do sth well or to the necessary standard
[adj] of a good standard but not very good
صلاحیت، شایستگی، لایق
clarify
/klerɪ.faɪ/
v] to make sth clearer or easier to understand
[v] to make sth, especially butter, pure by heating it
روشن کردن
entitle
Entitlement
ɪn’taɪt(ə)l/
v] to give sb the right to have or to do sth
[v] to give a title to a book, play, etc.
حق داشتن
استحقاق
initial
/ɪ’nɪʃ(ə)l/
adj] happening at the beginning; first
[n] the first letter of a person’s first name
[n] the first letters of all of a person’s names
اولیه
anomaly
/ə’nɑməli
n] a thing, situation, etc. that is different from what is normal or expected
ناهنجاری
ponder
ˈpɒndər/
[v] to think about sth carefully for a period of time
اندیشیدن
entrepreneurship
/ɑntrəprə’nɜ:ʃɪp
A person who make job
کارافرین
ongoing
adj] continuing to exist or develop
در دست اقدام
empirical
/imˈpirik(ə)l/
[adj] based on experiments or experience rather than ideas or theories
تجربی
fore
/fɔ:(r)/
adj] located at the front of a ship, an aircraft or an animal
[adv] at or towards the front of a ship or an aircraft
جلو، پیشی
fur
/fɜr
n] the soft thick mass of hair that grows on the body of some animals
[n] the skin of an animal with the fur still on it, used especially for making clothes
خز حیوانات
wheat
hwit
n] a plant grown for its grain that is used to produce the flour for bread, cakes, pasta , etc.; the grain of this plant
Examples
wheat flour
گندم
exploit
Exploitation
/’ek.splɔɪt
v] to treat a person or situation as an opportunity to gain an advantage for yourself
[v] to treat sb unfairly by making them work and not giving them much in return
بهره برداری
extraction
/ɪk’strækʃ(ə)n/
n] the act or process of removing or obtaining sth from sth else
[n] having a particular family origin
[n] the removal of a tooth
استخراج، اصل و نسب
reserve
/rɪ’zɜrv
[v] to ask for a seat, table, room, etc. to be available for you or sb else at a future time
[v] to keep sth for sb/sth, so that it cannot be used by any other person or for any other reason
ذخیره، اندوخته
hydroelectricity
Electricity that make with water
برق تولید شده از اب یا بخار
Mutation
mutate
//’mju.teɪt/
Jump
جهش
deadly
/dedli/
adj] causing or likely to cause death
[adj] extreme; complete
[adj] extremely effective, so that no defence is possible
مرگبار
infect
Infection
/ɪn’fekt
v] to make a disease or an illness spread to a person, an animal or a plant
[v] to make a substance contain harmful bacteria that can spread disease
الوده کردن
عفونت
nation
/’neɪʃ(ə)n
n] a country considered as a group of people with the same language, culture and history, who live in a particular area under one government
[n] all the people in a country
ملت
endeavour
Endeavor
/ənˈdevər/
n] an attempt to do sth, especially sth new or difficult
[v] to try very hard to do sth
تلاش، کوشش
gradually
/ˈɡrædʒuəli/
[adv] slowly, over a long period of time
به تدریج
polar
/poʊlər
[adj] connected with, or near the North or South Pole
[adj] connected with the poles (= the positive and negative ends) of a magnet
قطبی، متقارن، متقابل
interruption
/ɪntə’rʌpʃən/
n] something that temporarily stops an activity or a situation; a time when an activity is stopped
[n] the act of interrupting sb/sth and of stopping them from speaking
وقفه، تعلیق
conservationist
Conservative
/kɑnsər’veɪʃ(ə)nɪst/
n] a person who takes an active part in the protection of the environment
حافظان محیط زیست
محافظه کار
numerous
/ˈnuːmərəs/
adj] existing in large numbers many
متعدد
stipulation
شرط، قید، شرط ضمن عقد
offset
/’ɔf.set/
v] to use one cost, payment or situation in order to cancel or reduce the effect of another
[adj] used to describe a method of printing in which ink is put onto a metal plate, then onto a rubber surface and only then onto the paper
انحراف، افست،
repercussion
/ripər’kʌʃ(ə)n/
n] an indirect and usually bad result of an action or event that may happen some time afterwards
پیامد
split
/splɪt
[v] to divide, or to make a group of people divide, into smaller groups that have very different opinions
[v] to divide, or to make sth divide, into two or more parts
شکافتن
induce
/ɪn’dus/
v] to persuade or influence sb to do sth
[v] to cause sth
[v] to make a woman start giving birth to her baby by giving her special drugs
وادار کردن
Segments
Section
بخش
essence
/esəns/
n] the most important quality or feature of sth, that makes it what it is
[n] a liquid taken from a plant, etc. that contains its smell and taste in a very strong form
ذات، اسانس
sequence
/sikwəns/
[n] a set of events, actions, numbers, etc. which have a particular order and which lead to a particular result
[n] the order that events, actions, etc. happen in or should happen in
حواله، دنباله، ترتیب
Afield
Far from
دوردست، در صحرا
Whereas
Usef to compare two fact
درحالیکه
Implicitly
به طور ضمنی
Seduce
To persuade…
از راه به در کردن
Whilst
در حالی که
Miserable
mɪzərəbl
Very unhappy and uncomfortable
بدبخت
Boon
Sth that is helpful
مزیت، بخشش
Surge
Move quickly with particular direction
موج
Outbreak
Sudden start… شیوع
Afflict
Affect on sb
مبتلا شدن
Eminent
Famous and respected
برجسته
Explicitly
به صراحت
halcyon
/hælsiən
adj] peaceful and happy
ایام خوب گذشته
oversee
/oʊvər’si/
[v] to watch sb/sth and make sure that a job or an activity is done correctly
نظارت کردن
petal
/’pet(ə)l
n] a delicate coloured part of a flower. The head of a flower is usually made up of several petals around a central part.
گلبرگ
iridescence
ˌɪrɪ’desns
رنگین کمانی
shimmery
/ʃɪmərɪ
درخشان
beetle
/’bit(ə)l/
Kind of insect
سوسک
hue
/hju
n] a colour; a particular shade of a colour
[n] a type of belief or opinion
رنگی
nectar
/nektər
[n] a sweet liquid that is produced by flowers and collected by bees for making honey
[n] the thick juice of some fruits as a drink
شهد
alchemy
/ælkəmi/
n] a form of chemistry studied in the Middle Ages which involved trying to discover how to change ordinary metals into gold
کیمیاگر
walnut
/ˈwɔlˌnʌt
n] the light brown nut of the walnut tree that has a rough surface and a hard round shell in two halves
گردو
heterogeneous
/hetəroʊ’dʒiniəs/
adj] consisting of many different kinds of people or things
ناهمگون
homogeneous
/hɑmə’dʒiniəs
adj] consisting of things or people that are all the same or all of the same type
همگن
Heaven
بهشت
Spirit
Spiritual
ˈspɪrɪtʃuəl
Part if person…
روح
معنوی
Wholesome
Good for your health
سالم
beat
/bit
v] to defeat sb in a game or competition
[v] to get control of sth
[v] to be too difficult for sb
ضرب و شتم
shoelace
/’ʃu.leɪs/
n] a long thin piece of material like string that goes through the holes on a shoe and is used to fasten it
بندکفش
Mediocrity
Quality of being average
متوسط بودن
irrigate
/’ɪrɪ.ɡeɪt/
v] to supply water to an area of land through pipes or channels so that crops will grow
[v] to wash out a wound or part of the body with a flow of water or liquid
ابیاری
drought
/draʊt
n] a long period of time when there is little or no rain
خشکسالی
drought
/draʊt
n] a long period of time when there is little or no rain
خشکسالی
reservoir
/’rezər.vwɑ/
[n] a natural or artificial lake where water is stored before it is taken by pipes to houses, etc.
مخزن
submerge
/səbˈmɜr(r)dʒ
[v] to go under the surface of water or liquid; to put sth or make sth go under the surface of water or liquid
[v] to hide ideas, feelings, opinions, etc. completely
غوطه ور شدن، زیر اب کردن
Consist
Include
تشکیل شده از، مرکب بودن
Spin
To turn round
چرخش
Backbone
Row of bones
ستون فقرات
Relevant
ˈreləvənt
Related
مرتبط
Bard
A person who write bard
شاعر
Legal
/ˈliɡ(ə)l/
Connected with law
مجاز
Propensity
Tendency to a particular
تمایل
Undesirable
Not wanted or approve
نامطلوب
Slither
‘slɪðə(r)]
To move of snak
خزیدن،
Slither
To move of snak
خزیدن، لغزش
Grace
To attractive quality
رحمت، زینت بخشیدن
Versatility
تطبیق پذیری
trait
treɪ, treɪt $ treɪt/
a particular quality in someone’s character
صفت، ویژگی
blueprint
n] a photographic print of a plan for a building or a machine, with white lines on a blue background
[n] a plan which shows what can be achieved and how it can be achieved
نقشه
comparison
kəmˈpærəsən
n] the process of comparing two or more people or things
[n] an occasion when two or more people or things are compared
مقایسه
infer
ɪn’fɜr
v] to reach an opinion or decide that sth is true on the basis of information that is available
[v] to suggest indirectly that sth is true
نتیجه گیری
dwindle
‘dwɪnd(ə)l/
v] to become gradually less or smaller
کم شدن
Multiply
ˈmʌltɪˌplaɪ
To add a number
تکثیر کردن
Confound
/kənˈfaʊnd/
Confuse
گیج کردن
Inextricably
/ˌɪnɪkˈstrɪkəbli
Two thing that is linked
جدایی ناپذیر
Exuberance
Abundance
شور و نشاط
Masterpiece
/ˈmæstərˌpis
A art that is facinating
شاهکار
Verse
/vɜrs
Poetry, verse
ایه، شعر
Portion
/ˈpɔrʃ(ə)n/
Part of sth larger
سهم، بخش
Collaborative
Collaborator
/kəˈlæbərətɪv/
Involving bye several people that work together
همکاری
همکار
Revenge
/rɪˈvendʒ/
Do sth for retaliate
انتقام گرفتن
Unprecedented
/ʌnˈpresɪdentəd
That has never happenede
بی سابقه
Contemporary
kənˈtempəˌreri
Belong to the same time
امروزی، معاصر
Utter
ˈʌtər
Absolute
Use to emphasize
مطلقا
Symbiosis
/ˌsɪmbaɪˈoʊsɪs/
The relationship between two living culture
همزیستی
Intractable
/ɪnˈtræktəb(ə)l/
Very difficult to deal with
رام نشدنی، لجوجانه
Disembark
/ˌdɪsɪmˈbɑrk/
Leave vehicle especially ship
پیاده شدن
Optimize
/ˈɑptɪmaɪz
Make sth as good can be
بهینه سازی
Rudimentary
/ ˌrudəˈment(ə)ri/
Dealing with only basic
ابتدایی
Laborious
/ləˈbɔriəs
Taking a lot of time and effort
پر زحمت
Spacious
/ˈspeɪʃəs
Large and with plenty space
جادار
Digestion
/daɪˈdʒestʃ(ə)n/
The process of digesting
هضم
Respiration
/ˌrespəˈreɪʃ(ə)n/
The act of breathing
تنفس
Unify
ˈjunɪˌfaɪ/
Joun people, group…متحد کردن
Unaided
/ʌnˈeɪdəd/
Wirhout helping
بدون کمک
Intervention
/ˌɪntərˈvenʃ(ə)n/
a situation in which someone becomes involved in a particular issue, problem, etc. in order to influence what happens
مداخله
Dice
Small cube
تاس
Stun
/stʌn/
To make a person or anumal unconscious
بیهوش
Marvel
/ˈmɑrv(ə)l
A wonderful and surprising
شگفت زده کردن
Aquatic
Growing or living near water
ابزی
Acclaim
/əˈkleɪm/
public praise for someone or something
تحسین
Yield
/jild/
To produce
بازده، محصول
Stretch
/stretʃ/
Expand، to pull something to make it longer or wider
کش. امدن
Obscure
/əbˈskjʊr
Obscurity
Not well known
مبهم
Empire
/ˈempaɪr
A group of countries
امپراطوری
Clue
/klu
An obj…
سرنخ
Tariff
/ˈterɪf
Tax that you paid on..
تعرفه
Demographic
ˌdeməˈɡræfɪk
Data relating population
جمعیتی
Weed
/wid/
A wild plant growing… علف هرز
Herbicide
/ˈɜrbɪˌsaɪd/
A chemical that get ride of plants
موادی که علف را از بین میبرد
Tillage
tɪlɪdʒ
Process of preparing land
خاک ورزی، کشت و زرع
Downturn
/ˈdaʊnˌtɜrn/
Fall amount of bussiness
رکود
Recession
/rɪˈseʃ(ə)n
Difficult time for economy
رکود اقتصادی
Hibernation
Sleep in winter
خواب زمستانی
Fictionalize
/ˈfɪkʃən(ə)lˌaɪz
Write a book
تخیلی
Welter
/ˈweltər
Large and confusing amountغوطه ور شدن
Investment
Invest
/ɪnˈvestmənt
The act of inversting
سرمایهگذاری
Archaeological
archaeologist
/ˌɑrkiəˈlɑdʒɪk(ə)l/
باستان شناسی
shipment
/ˈʃɪpmənt/
an amount of goods carried on a ship, airplane, train, or truck
حمل و نقل
Harvest
/ˈhɑrvəst
the activity of collecting a crop
محصول
Axis
/ˈæksɪs
ASTRONOMY an imaginary line through the middle of an object such as a planet, around which it seems to spin
محور
Equate
/ɪˈkˌweɪt
Same as
برابر کردن
Cornerstone
ˈkɔrnərˌstoʊn/
Stone of building that is base
سنگ بنای، اساس
Wasp
/wɑsp/
Kind of bee
زنبور
Invade
/ɪnˈveɪd
To enter a country
حمله
Communal
/kəˈmjun(ə)l/
Shared by
اشتراکی
Slip
/slɪp
if you slip, your feet slide accidentally and you lose your balance or fall over
لیزخوردن
Self-defeating
/ˌself-dɪˈfitɪŋ
When you lose yourself
خودباختن
Procrastinate
/proʊˈkræst(ə)n/
Delay doing
به تعویق انداختن
Fatigue
/fəˈtiɡ/
Feeling tired
خستگی
Solidly
Strong way
محکوم
Creep
/krip
if someone creeps somewhere, they move there quietly and slowly
خزیدن
Blow
/bloʊ
To send out air
فوت کردن، دمیدن
Sue
/su
To make claum against
شکایت کنند
Crude
/krud
made using very simple methods or materialsخام، ناپخته
Premise
/ˈpremɪs/
a principle or statement that you consider to be true, that you base other ideas and actions on
فرضیه
Colloquial
kəˈloʊkwiəl
Conversation that isnot formal
محاوره ای
Appendix
/əˈpendɪks/
Attached
پیوست
Breed
/brid
To have sec and produce
نژاد، گونه
Blame
/bleɪm
o say or think that someone or something is responsible for an accident, problem, or bad situation
سرزنش کردن، گناه
Pollinate
Pollen
ˈpɑləˌneɪt/
to place pollen from one flower on another flower in order to help it to produce seed
Synonyms and related words
گرده افشانی
گرده
Irresistible
/ˌɪrɪˈzɪstəb(ə)l/
1 strong or powerful and impossible to control or defeat
مقاومت ناپذیر، قوی، سخت
Textile
/ˈtekˌstaɪl
Any type of cloth
پارچه
Unintentional
/ˌʌnɪnˈtenʃənəl
not deliberate or planned, by accident
غیرعمد
Convey
/kənˈveɪ
to communicate ideas or feelings indirectly
انتقال
Income
/ˈɪnˌkʌm
money that someone gets from working or from investing money
درامد
Incompatible
/ˌɪnkəmˈpætəb(ə)l/
ideas, systems, or machines that are incompatible are not able to work or exist together because of basic differences
ناسازگار
Finite
/ˈfaɪˌnaɪt/
1 FORMAL existing only in limited numbers or amounts, or continuing only for a limited time or distance
محدود، فانی
Refute
/rɪˈfjut/
to say that a statement is not true or accurate without giving proof
رد کردن
Mobility
/moʊˈbɪləti/
the ability to move a part of your body
تحرک
Notion
/ˈnoʊʃ(ə)n/
knowledge or understanding of something
ایده، مفهوم
Scheme
/skim/
a plan for achieving something, especially something illegal or dishonest
طرح، برنامه
Postage
/ˈpoʊstɪdʒ/
money that you pay in order to send letters and packages through the mail
هزینه پست
Stack
/stæk/
a pile of things placed one on top of another
یک دسته از هرچیزی
Cunning
/ˈkʌnɪŋ/
someone who is cunning uses their intelligence to get what they want, especially by tricking or cheating people
حیله گری
Debilitate
/dɪˈbɪlɪˌteɪt/
to make someone physically or mentally weak
ناتوان کردن
Prey
/preɪ/
an animal that is caught by another animal and eaten
طعمه
Harness
/ˈhɑrnəs/
a set of strong leather bands used for fastening around an animal such as a horse so that it can pull a vehicle
مهار
Emulate
/ˈemjəˌleɪt/
1 FORMAL to try to be like someone or something else, usually because you admire them
تقلید
Oppose
/əˈpoʊz/
to disagree with or not approve of a plan or policy
مخالفت کردن
statistical
/stəˈtɪstɪk(ə)l/
relating to statistics
اماری
Unconstrained
Constrain
Not restricted or limited
بدون محدودیت
محدودیت
Integrate
Integration
/ˈɪntəˌɡreɪt/
[TRANSITIVE] to change the rules of a place, institution, or organization so that people of all races can enter it
ادغام کردن، درست کردن
Retail
/ˈriteɪl/
relating to the sale of goods directly to the public for their own use
خرده فروشی
Patronage
peɪtrənɪdʒ/
1 help or money that is given to a person or organization
حمایت،پشتیبانی
sociological
جامعه شناختی
disseminate
Dissemination
/dɪˈsemɪˌneɪt/
v] to spread information, knowledge, etc. so that it reaches many people
انتشار دادن
weave
/wiv/
[v] to make cloth, a carpet, a basket , etc. by crossing threads or strips across, over and under each other by hand or on a machine called a loom
[v] to make sth by بافت
strand
/strænd/
[n] a single thin piece of thread, wire, hair, etc.
[n] one of the different parts of an idea, a plan, a story, etc.
رشته، لایه
implication
/ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/
[n] a possible effect or result of an action or a decision
[n] something that is suggested or indirectly stated (= sth that is implied)
پیامد
debate
/dɪˈbeɪt/
[n] a formal discussion of an issue at a public meeting or in a parliament. In a debate two or more speakers express opposing views and then there is often a vote on the issue.
مناظره
hallmark
/ˈhɔlˌmɑrk/
n] a feature or quality that is typical of sb/sth
[n] a mark put on gold, silver and platinum objects that shows the quality of the metal and gives information about
نشان، انگ
appeal
/əˈpil/
n] a formal request to a court or to sb in authority for a judgement or a decision to be changed
درخواست
emerge
/ɪˈmɜrdʒ/
v] to come out of a dark, confined or hidden place
[v] to become known
ظهور
poke
/poʊk/
v] to quickly push your fingers or another object into sb/sth
[v] to push sth somewhere or move it in a particular direction with a small quick movement
به هم زدن، فشار با نوک انگشت
diffuse
/dɪˈfjuz/
adj] spread over a wide area
[adj] not clear or easy to understand; using a lot of words
پراکنده، منتشر شده
continent
Continental
/ˈkɑntɪnənt
n] one of the large land masses of the earth such as Europe, Asia or Africa
[n] the main part of the continent of Europe, not including Britain or Ireland
قاره
warfare
/ˈwɔrˌfer
n] the activity of fighting a war, especially using particular weapons or methods
[n] the activity of competing in an aggressive way with another group, company, etc.
جنگ
precious
/ˈpreʃəs
worth a lot of money
گرانبها
tobacco
/təˈbækoʊ
تنباکو
extinct
/ɪkˈstɪŋkt
adj] no longer in existence
[adj] no longer in existence in society
[adj] no longer active
منقرض شده
linguist
/ˈlɪŋɡwɪst
[n] a person who knows several foreign languages well
[n] a person who studies languages or linguistics
زبان شناس
reconstruct
/ˌrikənˈstrʌkt
[v] to build or make sth again that has been damaged or that no longer exists
[v] to be able to describe or show exactly how a past event happened, using the
بازسازی
gunpowder
/ˈɡʌnˌpaʊdər
n] explosive powder used especially in bombs or fireworks
باروت
firecracker
/ˈfaɪrˌkrækər
[n] a small firework that explodes with a loud noise
فشفشه
accompany
Accompanied
Companion
/əˈkʌmpəni
v] to travel or go somewhere with sb
[v] to happen or appear with sth else
[v] to play a musical instrument, especially a piano, while sb else sings or plays the main tune
همراهی کردن
dove
/dʌv/
n] a bird of the pigeon family. The white dove is often used as a symbol of peace.
[n] a person, especially a politician, who prefers peace and discussion to war
کبوتر
ascend
Ascendancy
/əˈsend
v] to rise; to go up; to climb up
صعود کردن
برتری
military
/ˈmɪlɪˌteri
adj] connected with soldiers or the armed forces
[n] soldiers; the armed forces
نظامی
festivity
/feˈstɪvəti
n] the activities that are organized to celebrate a special event
[n] the happiness and enjoyment that exist when people celebrate sth
جشن
feast
/fist
[n] a large or special meal, especially for a lot of people and to celebrate sth
[n] a day or period of time when there is a religious festival
جشن، ضیافت
parade
/pəˈreɪd/
[n] a public celebration of a special day or event, usually with bands in the streets and decorated vehicles
رژه
pyrotechnics
/ˌpaɪroʊˈteknɪks
[n] fireworks or a display of fireworks
[n] a clever and complicated display of skill, for example by a musician, writer or speaker
مواد اتش نشانی
agonize
/ˈæɡəˌnaɪz
v] to spend a long time thinking and worrying about a difficult situation or problem
عذاب کشیدن
gratification
/ˌɡrætɪfɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/
n] the state of feeling pleasure when sth goes well for you or when your desires are satisfied; sth that gives you pleasure
رضایت
constitute
/ˈkɑnstɪˌtut
[linkv] to be considered to be sth
[linkv] to be the parts that together form sth
تشکیل میدهد، تاسیس کردن
indicator
ˈɪndɪˌkeɪtər/
n] a sign that shows you what sth is like or how a situation is changing
[n] a device on a machine that shows speed, pressure, etc.
نشانگر
prosperity
/prɑˈsperəti
[n] the state of being successful, especially in making money
رفاه
accelerate
Acceleration
əkˈseləˌreɪt
v] to happen or to make sth happen faster or earlier than expected
[v] to start to go faster
سرعت بخشیدن
interdisciplinary
/ˌɪntərˈdɪsɪplɪˌneri
involving different subjects of study
بین رشته ای
posture
/ˈpɑstʃər
[n] the position in which you hold your body when standing or sitting
[n] your attitude to a particular situation or the way in which you deal with it
وضعیت بدن
gesture
/ˈdʒestʃər/
n] a movement that you make with your hands, your head or your face to show a particular meaning
[n] something that you do or say to show a particular feeling or intention
ژست
swing
sway
/swɪŋ/
v] to move backwards or forwards or from side to side while hanging from a fixed point; to make sth do this
تاب خوردن
frenzy
/ˈfrenzi/
n] a state of great activity and strong emotion that is often violent or frightening and not under control
دیوانگی
trade
/treɪd/
[n] the activity of buying and selling or of exchanging goods or services between people or countries
تجارت
consecutive
/kənˈsekjətɪv
[adj] following one after another in a series, without interruption
متوالی
investor
/ɪnˈvestər
n] a person or an organization that invests money in sth
سرمایه گذار
flaw
/flɔ/
n] a mistake in sth that means that it is not correct or does not work correctly
[n] a crack or fault in sth that makes it less attractive or valuable
نقص، عیب
judicial
/dʒuˈdɪʃ(ə)l/
[adj] connected with a court, a judge or legal judgement
قضایی
district
ˈdɪstrɪkt
n] an area of a country or town, especially one that has particular features
[n] one of the areas which a country, town or state is divided into for purposes of
ناحیه
Nuance
ˈnuˌɑns
a slight difference that may be difficult to notice but is fairly important
تفاوت ظریف
Notorious
/nəˈtɔriəs/
famous for something bad
بدنام
Inventory
/ˈɪnvənˌtɔri
List of all things
فهرست
Commemorate
/kəˈmeməˌreɪt
to show that you remember an important person or event by having a special ceremony, or by creating a special object
بزرگداشت
Undertake
ˌʌndərˈteɪk
to agree to be responsible for a job or a project and do it
به عهده گرفتن
Vicissitude
/vɪˈsɪsɪˌtudz/
changes and unexpected difficulties
فراز و نشیب، تحول
Besiege
bɪˈsidʒ
USUALLY PASSIVE] to make more requests, offers, comments, or complaints than someone can deal with
محاصره شدن
Entail
/ɪnˈteɪl/
if a situation or action entails a particular thing, it involves having or doing that thin
مستلزم
Ironically
aɪ’rɑnɪklɪ
از قضا
Slumber
ˈslʌmbər
Sleep
چرت
Slump
slʌmp
to be suddenly reduced to a much lower level
سقوط
Inequity
Inequality
/ɪnˈekwɪti/
the fact of being unfair, or an unfair situation
نابرابری
Attorney
/əˈtɜrni/
a lawyer, especially one who represents people in court
وکیل
Councilman
Council
kaʊns(ə)lmən
a man who is an elected member of the government of a city in the U.S.
عضو شورا
Rocky
/ˈrɑki/
covered with rocks, or made of rock
سنگی
Entire
Entirely
/ɪnˈtaɪr/
used for emphasizing that you mean all or every part of something
کل، تمام، سراسر
به طور کامل
Spontaneously
خود به خود
خود جوش
Occupation
/ˌɑkjəˈpeɪʃ(ə)n/
word is used especially on forms and in formal writing
اشتغال، حرفه
Depict
Depiction
/dɪˈpɪkt/
to describe someone or something using words or pictures
تصور کردن، شرح م نمایش
تجسم
Subsequent
/ˈsʌbsɪkwənt/
happening or coming after something else
بعدی
Commission
/kəˈmɪʃ(ə)n/
an extra amount of money that you have to pay to a bank or other organization when they provide a service for you
کمیسیون
Alongside
/əˈlɔŋˌsaɪd/
along the side of something, or close to the side of it
درکنار
Gist
dʒɪst
looking for the main idea or most important point in a written or spoken text
اصل مطلب
Aisle
/aɪl/
a passage between rows of seats, for example in a church, theater, or airplane, or between the shelves of a supermarket
راهرو
Capture
/ˈkæptʃər/
to catch someone so that they become your prisoner
گرفتن، اسیر کردن
Stationary
/ˈsteɪʃ(ə)nˌeri/
not moving
ثابت، ایستا
Transplant
/ˈtrænsˌplænt/
a medical operation in which a new organ is put into someone’s body. The organ is taken from the body of another person, especially someone who has just died, who is called a
پیوند، نشا کردن
Reluctant
/rɪˈlʌktənt/
used for describing a feeling that you have but you wish you did not have
بی میل
Paraphrase
Paraphrasing
/ˈperəˌfreɪz/
to express what someone else has said or written using different words, especially in order to make it shorter or clearer
Synonyms and related words
تفسیر، نقل قول
Plagiarism
/ˈpleɪdʒəˌrɪzəm/
the process of taking another person’s work, ideas, or words, and using them as if they were your own. Someone who does this is called a
سرقت ادبی
Compilation
/ˌkɑmpɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/
a set of things such as songs or stories produced by different people
تلفیقی
گرداوری
Inner
/ˈɪnər/
inside or farther toward the center of something
درونی، داخلی
Epitome
/ɪˈpɪtəmi
the best possible example of a particular type of person or thing
خلاصه
Discrimination
/dɪˌskrɪmɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n/
unfair treatment of someone because of their religion, race, or other personal features
تبعیض
Pupil
/ˈpjup(ə)l/
someone, especially a child, who goes to school or who has classes in a particular subject
شاگرد
Prestigious
preˈstidʒəs
admired and respected by people
معتبر
Forge
fɔrdʒ
to develop a successful relationship, especially in business or politics, with another country, organization, or person
ساختن
Flip
flɪp
to turn over quickly, or to make something turn over
تلنگر
Susceptible
/səˈseptəb(ə)l/
easily influenced or affected by something
حساس
Prodigy
ˈprɑdədʒi/
a young person who has a natural ability to do something extremely well
اعجوبه
Payroll
/ˈpeɪˌroʊl
a list of all the people that a company employs and the money that each of them earns
حقوق و دستمزد
Sententious
/senˈtenʃəs/
expressing opinions about right and wrong behavior in a way that is intended to impress people
حساس
Relieve
/rɪˈliv
to make pain or another bad physical feeling less unpleasant
از بین بردن
Chaste
/tʃeɪst
someone who is chaste does not have sex
پاکدامن
Pragmatic
/præɡˈmætɪk
involving or emphasizing practical results rather than theories and ideas
عملگرا
Immortality
Imoortal
/ˌɪmɔrˈtæləti
the fact of being immortal or being famous enough to be remembered for a long time
Synonyms and related words
جاودانگی
Chronic
/ˈkrɑnɪk
MEDICAL a chronic illness or chronic pain is serious and lasts for a long time. A serious illness or pain that lasts only for a short time is described as acute
مزمن، شدید
Expenditure
/ɪkˈspendɪtʃər
money spent by a government, organization, or person
مخارج، هزینهها
Exclusion
/ɪkˈskluʒ(ə)n/
a situation in which someone is deliberately prevented from being involved in an activity or from entering a place
محرومیت
Temptation
/tempˈteɪʃ(ə)n/
a strong feeling of wanting to have or to do something, especially something that is bad for you
وسوسه
Watercourse
/ˈwɔtərˌkɔrs
a river, canal, or stream
جریان اب
Corridor
/ˈkɔrɪˌdɔr/
a long passage inside a building with doors on each side
راهرو
Haze
/heɪz/
water, smoke, or dust in the air that makes it difficult to see clearly
مه
Herald
/ˈherəld/
in the past, a person who delivered official messages or made announcements for a king or queen
قاصد
Subvert
/səbˈvɜrt
to attack or harm a government or established system of law, politics, etc.
واژگون کردن
Prospect
/ˈprɑsˌpekt
the possibility that something will happen, especially something good
چشم انداز، انتظار
Enact
/ɪnˈækt/
to make a proposal into a law
وضع، به صورت قانون در اوردن
Purveyor
pərˈveɪer
A person or company that supplies sth
تامین کننده
Refuse
rɪˈfjuz
Waste material that has been thrown away
پس مانده، امتناع
Breach
/britʃ
a failure to follow a law or rule
رخنه، شکاف، نقص
Guzzle
/ˈɡʌz(ə)l/
to drink a lot quickly and with great enthusiasm
لقمه، بلعیدن
Residual
/rɪˈzɪdjuəl
remaining after the rest of something has gone or ended
باقی مانده
Biodiversity
/ˌbaɪoʊdaɪˈvɜrsəti
the variety of different types of plant and animal life in a particular region
تنوع زیستی
Lethal
/ˈliθl
very dangerous and able to kill you
مرگبار
Vital
/ˈvaɪt(ə)l/
very important, necessary, or essential
حیاتی
Clone
/kloʊn
1 BIOLOGY an exact copy of an animal or plant created in a laboratory from the animal’s or plant’s DNA
شبیه
Supplant
/səˈplænt/
to replace something or someone, often as a result of being more powerful
جایگزین کردن
Spike
/spaɪk
something sharp and pointed, especially a piece of metal or wood
میخ
Biomass
/ˈbaɪoʊˌmæs/
all the plant and animal life found in a particular area
زیست توده
Overwhelm
/ˌoʊvərˈwelm
to affect someone’s emotions in a very powerful way
غرق کردن
Refund
/ˈriˌfʌnd
money that was yours that you get again, especially because you have paid too much for something or have decided you do not want it
بازپرداخت
Quote
/kwoʊt/
to say or write words that someone else has said or written
نقل قول
Contrary
/ˈkɑnˌtreri
completely different or opposed to something else
مخالف
Muddle
/mʌd(ə)l/
a confused situation or condition
در هم ریختن
Blossom
/ˈblɑsəm
a flower on a tree, or all the flowers on a tree
شکوفه، گل
Dosage
ˈdoʊsɪdʒ/
the amount of a medicine or drug that you take at one time
دوز
Gang
/ɡæŋ/
a group of young people who spend time together and often cause trouble
دسته، گروه
Former
/ˈfɔrmər/
used for describing someone or something that had a particular job, title, status, etc. in the past, but not now
سابق
Uneven
/ʌnˈiv(ə)n/
not smooth or level
ناهموار، ناجور
Wane
/weɪn/
if a feeling or power wanes, it becomes weaker or less important
کم رنگ شدن
Tale
/teɪl/
a story about imaginary events or people
داستان
Dome
/doʊm
a roof shaped like the top half of a ball
گنبد
Distort
/dɪˈstɔrt/
to change something such as information so that it is no longer true or accurate
تحریف کردن
Ointment
/ˈɔɪntmənt
thick smooth substance that you put on sore or injured skin
پماد، مرهم
Fetch
to be sold for a particular amount of money, especially at an auction (=sale where goods are sold to the person offering the most money)
رفتن و اوردن
بهانه اوردن
واکشی
Fragment
/ˈfræɡmənt
a small piece of a larger object that has broken, often into a lot of pieces
قطعه
Derivative
Derive
/dɪˈrɪvətɪv
something that has developed or been obtained from something else
مشتقات
استخراج
Replicate
ˈreplɪkə
an accurate copy of something
کپی دقیق
Synchronise
ˈsɪŋkrəˌnaɪz
همگام سازی
Bid
/bɪd
to offer a particular amount of money for something, for example at an auction (=an event where things are sold to the person who offers the most money)
پیشنهاد
Trace
/treɪs
to find someone or something that you are looking for by asking questions and getting information
پی گیری
Coax
/koʊks
to make something such as a machine or piece of equipment do what you want it to do by being skillful, gentle, and patient
متقاعد کردن
Zoological
ˌzoʊəlɑdʒɪk(ə)l
جانور شناسی
Labor
/ˈleɪbər
Hard work
کار یدی
Lure
/lʊr
to persuade someone to do something by making it look very attractive
طعمه
Admission
/ədˈmɪʃ(ə)n/
permission to join a club or become a student at a college or university
پذیرش
Prerequisite
/priˈrekwəzɪt
something that must exist or happen before something else is possible
پیش نیاز
Rectify
/ˈrektəˌfaɪ/
to correct a problem or mistake, or to make a bad situation better
اصلاح کردن
Compulsory
/kəmˈpʌlsəri/
something that is compulsory must be done because of a rule or law
اجباری
Impartial
/ɪmˈpɑrʃ(ə)l/
not connected to or influenced by one particular person or group
بی طرف، منصفانه
Verdict
/ˈvɜrdɪkt/
an official judgment made in a court about whether someone is guilty of a crime
حکم
Partial
/ˈpɑrʃ(ə)l/
Not complete
جزئی
Procedure
/prəˈsidʒər
1 a way of doing something, especially the correct or usual way
روش
Nest
a structure that birds make to keep their eggs and babies in
لانه
Steep
/stip/
a steep slope rises quickly and is difficult to climb
شیب تند
خیساندن
Conservancy
/kənˈsɜrv(ə)nsi/
an organization that is in charge of protecting an area of land or water from damage
حفاظت
Equitable
/ˈekwɪtəb(ə)l/
fair and reasonable because everyone is treated in the same way
منصفانه
Dimension
/daɪˈmenʃ(ə)n/
MATHS length, height, or width
ابعاد، اندازه
Conflate
/kənˈfleɪt
to combine two or more things
Synonyms and related words
مخلوط، ادغام کردن
Campaigner
ˌkæmˈpeɪnər
someone who tries to achieve political or social change by persuading other people or the government to do something
مبارز
Hurricane
/ˈhʌrɪˌkeɪn/
a violent storm with extremely strong winds and heavy rain
طوفان
Forecast
forecaster
/ˈfɔrˌkæst/
a statement about what is likely to happen, based on available information and usually relating to the weather, business, or the economy
پیش بینی
پیش بینی کننده
Intellectual
/ˌɪnt(ə)lˈektʃuəl/
relating to the ability to think in an intelligent way and to understand things, especially difficult or complicated ideas and subjects
پرفکر، عقلانی
Resemble
/rɪˈzemb(ə)l/
to be similar to someone or something, especially in appearance
شبیه
Vigilance
ˈvɪdʒɪləns
the activity of watching a person or situation very carefully so that you will notice any problems or signs of danger immediately
هوشیاری
Bond
/bɑnd/
something that gives people or groups a reason to love each other or feel they have a duty to each other
رابطه، رشته
Competitor
/kəmˈpetɪtər
someone who takes part in a sports competition
رقیب
Proximity
/prɑkˈsɪməti
how near something is to another thing, especially in distance or time
نزدیکی
Glance
/ɡlæns
to look somewhere quickly and then look away
نگاه، برانداز
Medieval
/ˌmidiˈiv(ə)l
relating to the period of European history between about the year 500 A.D. and the year 1500 A.D.
قرون وسطی
Contract
Convention
/ˈkɑnˌtrækt
LEGAL a written legal agreement between two people or businesses that says what each must do for the other or give to the other
قرارداد
Treatise
ˈtritɪs
a serious book or piece of writing about a particular subject
رساله، مقاله
Versus
ˈvɜrsəs
used for stating that two things are being compared in order to show that they are different or that one is better than the othe
در مقابل، در برابر
Enforcement
/ɪnˈfɔrsmənt
the process of making sure that something happens, especially that people obey a law or rule
اجرا
Dispersal
dɪˈspɜrs(ə)l/
the process of spreading things or people in different directions over a wide area
پراکندگی
Hatch
/hætʃ
if a baby bird, fish, insect, etc. hatches or is hatched, it comes out of its egg and is born
دریچه
foible
/ˈfɔɪb(ə)l/
[n] a silly habit or a strange or weak aspect of a person’s character, that is considered harmless by other people
ضعف، ناتوانی
boundless
/ˈbaʊndləs
[adj] without limits; seeming to have no end
بی حد و مرز
idleness
/aɪdlnəs
بیکاری، تنبلی
widow
/ˈwɪdoʊ
n] a woman whose husband has died and who has not married again
[v] if sbis widowed , their husband or wife has died
بیوه
globalization
ˌɡloʊbəlɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/
n] the fact that different cultures and economic systems around the world are becoming connected and similar to each other because of the influence of large multinational companies and of
جهانی شده
Norm
nɔrm
[n] a situation or a pattern of behaviour that is usual or expected
[n] standards of behaviour that are typical of or accepted within a particular group or society
هنجار، قاعده
uniformity
/ˌjunɪˈfɔrməti
the state of being the same as each other or as everything else
یکنواختی
excerpt
ˈekˌsɜrpt
n] a short piece of writing, music, film, etc. taken from a longer whole
گلچین کردن، گزیده
self-contained
[adj] not needing or depending on other people
خودکفا
relevance
/ˈreləvəns
the quality of being directly connected with and important to something else
ارتباط
approximately
əˈprɑksɪmətli
adv] used to show that sth is almost, but not completely, accurate or correct
تقریبا
briefly
Brief
/brifli
adv] for a short time
[adv] in few words
به طور خلاصه
مختصر
reproduce
ˌriprəˈdus
v] to make a copy of a picture, piece of text, etc.
[v] to produce sth again; to make sth happen again in the same way
تکثیر
condense
kənˈdens
v] to change from a gas into a liquid; to make a gas change into a liquid
[v] if a liquidcondenses or youcondense it, it becomes thicker and stronger because it has lost
متراکم کردن
rumble
ˈrʌmb(ə)l/
v] to make a long deep sound or series of sounds
[v] to move slowly and heavily, making a rumbling sound
[v] to discover the truth about sb or what they are trying to hide
غرش، صدا
stroll
stroʊl
to walk without hurrying, often for pleasure
قدم زدن
brick
/brɪk/
n] baked clay used for building walls, houses and other buildings; an individual block of this
اجر
wander
/wɑndər
v] to walk slowly around or to a place, often without any particular sense of purpose or direction
[v] to move away from the place where you ought to be or the people
پرسه زدن
command
kəˈmænd
an instruction that you give to a computer to make it do something
فرمان
mightily
maɪtɪlɪ
adv] very; very much
[adv] with great strength or effort
با قدرت
enquiry
/ɪnˈkwaɪri
n] an official process to find out the cause of sth or to find out information about sth
استعلام، پرس و جو
artefact
ˈɑrtɪˌfækt
[n] an object that is made by a person, especially sth of historical or cultural interest
مصنوعی
anthropologist
ˌænθrə’pɒlədʒɪst
n] a person who studies anthropology
انسان شناسی
Extinction
/ɪkˈstɪŋkʃ(ə)n/
the situation when an animal, plant, or language no longer exists
انقراض
truant
Truancy
/truənt/
n] a child who stays away from school without permission
فراری از مدرسه
unauthorised
/ʌn’ɔ:θəraɪzd/
adj] without official permission
غیرمجاز
thereby
/ðerˈbaɪ
adv] used to introduce the result of the action or situation mentioned
درنتیجه
civic
/sɪvɪk/
adj] officially connected with a town or city
[adj] connected with the people who live in a town or city
مدنی، شهری
stock
/stɑk
[n] a supply of goods that is available for sale in a shop/store
[n] a supply of sth that is available for use
موجودی
household
ˈhaʊsˌhoʊld
n] all the people living together in a house or flat/apartment
خانواده
justification
/ˌdʒʌstɪfɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/
a reason why something is correct and morally right
توجیه، دلیل اوردن
Incentive
/ɪnˈsentɪv
n] something that encourages you to do sth
مشوق، انگیزه
apprehension
/ˌæprɪˈhenʃ(ə)n/
feeling of worry or fear that something bad might happen
دلهره
fabrication
ساخت
Conversely
/ˈkɑnˌvɜrsli/
used for introducing a sentence, or part of a sentence, which says something that is the opposite of the other part
متقابلا
Exempt
ɪɡˈzempt
allowed to ignore something such as a rule, obligation, or payment
معاف
Dispense
dɪˈspens
if a machine dispenses something such as food, drink, or money, it gives it to you
توزیع، بخشیدن
Loom
lum
if something unpleasant or difficult looms, it seems likely to happen soon
بافندگی، نساجی
Supreme
sʊˈprim
most important, or most powerful
عالی، اعلی
Exclude
ɪkˈsklud
to deliberately not include something
حذف کردن، مستثنی کردن
Summon
ˈsʌmən
FORMAL to officially order someone to come to a place, especially a court of law
احضار کردن
Correlation
Correlate
/ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/
a connection or relationship between two or more things
همبستگی
Empowerment
توانمندسازی
Equivalence
ɪˈkwɪvələns
معادل سازی
Flimsy
ˈflɪmzi
light and not providing very much protection
سست، شل، بی دوام
Contradict
ˌkɑntrəˈdɪkt
to say that the opposite of what someone has said is true
تناقض دارد
Relegate
ˈreləˌɡeɪt/
to move someone or something to a less important position
تنزل کردن
Tangible
/ˈtændʒəb(ə)l/
important and noticeable
محسوس
Evanescent
/ˌevəˈnes(ə)nt/
lasting only for a very short time
محو شدن
Erupt
Eruption
/ɪˈrʌpt
to start suddenly with a lot of violence or noise
فوران
Speculation
ˌspekjəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/
ideas or discussion about why something has happened or what might happen
حدس و گمان
Behemoth
bɪˈhimɑθ
someone or something that is very large, especially a company
غول پیکر
Causality
/kɔˈzæləti
a relationship in which one thing causes another
علیت
Heritage
ˈherɪtɪdʒ
the art, buildings, traditions, and beliefs that a society considers important to its history and culture
میراث
Shareholder
/ˈʃerˌhoʊldər
stockholder
سهامداران
Guarantor
gærən’tɔr
someone who makes an official agreement to be responsible for money that someone else owes, or for someone else’s behavior
ضامن
Determine
Deter
Determinant
/dɪˈtɜrmɪn/
to officially decide something
تعیین کنند، مشخص کردن
باز داشتن
Interpret
Interpretation
/ɪnˈtɜrprət
to translate what someone is saying in one language into another language so that someone else can understand it
تفسیر، ترجمه
Tropical
/ˈtrɑpɪk(ə)l/
in or from the hottest parts of the world
گرمسیری
Tremendous
/trəˈmendəs
used for emphasizing that something such as an amount, achievement, or feeling is extremely great, important, or strong
شگرف، عظیم
Intricacy
Intricate
/ˈɪntrɪkəsi
the complicated parts or details of something such as a system or problem
پیچیدگی، ریزه کاری
Awe
Awed
ɔ/
a feeling of great respect and admiration, often combined with fear
هیبت، وحشت
Vaguely
ˈveɪɡli
in a way that is not clear
به طور مبهم
Cope
koʊp
to deal successfully with a difficult situation or job
کنار امدن، از عهده بر امدن
Disarray
ˌdɪsəˈreɪ
a situation in which people are very confused or things are not organized, especially because something unexpected has happened
بی نظمی
Converge
kənˈvɜrdʒ
to come from different directions to reach the same point
همگرا شدن
Lineage
ˈlɪniɪdʒ
the people in your family who lived in the past, especially when you come from a rich or important family
اصل و نسب
Flank
flæŋk
to be at the side of something or someone
کناره
Cling
klɪŋ
P.p clung
to hold onto someone or something tightly with your hands or arms, for example because you are afraid
چسبیدن
Glean
ɡlin
to learn small pieces of information by asking questions or watching or listening carefully
چیدن، برداشت کردن
Explanatory
ɪkˈsplænəˌtɔri
intended to help you to understand something
توضیحی
Vibrant
ˈvaɪbrənt
lively and exciting
پر جنب و جوش
Faculty
/ˈfæk(ə)lti/
a department or group of departments in a university
دانشکده
Lateral
ˈlætərəl
on the side of something, or moving sideways
جانبی، عرضی
Ubiquitous
/juˈbɪkwɪtəs
present everywhere
همه جا حاضر
Fabricate
ˈfæbrɪˌkeɪt
to make up a story or piece of information in order to make someone believe something that is not true
ساخته شده
Unforeseen
ˌʌnfɔrˈsin
an unforeseen situation, especially a problem, is one that you did not expect
پیشبینی نشده
Settlement
/ˈset(ə)lmənt
a formal agreement that ends a disagreement
توافق
Proliferate
/prəˈlɪfəˌreɪt
to quickly increase in number or amount
تکثیر شوند
Conceive
to think of something such as a new idea, plan, or design
تصور کردن
حامله شدن
Segregate
Segregation
ˈseɡrəˌɡeɪt
to separate groups of people or things, especially because of race, sex, or religion. To integrate these groups means to bring them together
جدا کردن
Dislocate
ˈdɪsləˌkeɪt
to do something that forces a bone out of its normal position in its socket
در رفتگی، جا به جایی
Attentively
Carefully
با دقت
Devote
dɪˈvoʊt
to spend a lot of time or effort doing something
اختصاص دادن
Pond
pɑnd
an area of water similar to a lake but smaller
حوضچه
Stick
stɪk
attach something to something
چسبیدن
Prevail
prɪˈveɪl
to be the strongest influence or element in a situation
پیروز و چیره شدن
Withdraw
wɪðˈdrɔ
stop providing something
کنار کشیدن
Complimentary
/ˌkɑmplɪˈment(ə)ri/
a complimentary ticket, book, meal, etc. is given to you for free by a person or organization that normally sells them
تعارفی
Compendious
kəmˈpendiəs
large and covering many different subjects or aspects
جامع
Coincidence
/koʊˈɪnsɪdəns
Incidence
a situation in which separate things happen by chance at the same time or in the same way
اتفاقی
وقوع
Eccentricity
ˌeksenˈtrɪsəti
strange or unusual behavior
عجیب و غریب
Hence
hens
used for introducing something that is a result of the fact that has just been stated, so
از این رو
Boundary
/ˈbaʊnd(ə)ri/
something such as a line on a map that marks where one area of land ends and another begins
مرز
Auxiliary
ɔɡˈzɪljəri
auxiliary equipment or systems are available for use if the main one fails
کمکی
Diverge
daɪˈvɜrdʒ
to start to go in separate directions
از هم دور شدن
# converge
Scholar
ˈskɑlər
someone who studies a particular subject and knows a lot about it, especially a subject that is not scientific
محقق
Surmount
sərˈmaʊnt
to deal successfully with a difficult situation or problem
غلبه کردن
Overlasting
ابدی
Altitude
ˈæltɪˌtud
the height of a place or thing above sea level (=the surface of the ocean)
ارتفاع
Dainty
ˈdeɪnti
small and attractive in a delicate way
خوش طعم
Tilt
tɪlt
to move something so that one side is lower than the other
شیب
Haughty
ˈhɔti
proud and unfriendly
مغرور
Encircle
ɪnˈsɜrk(ə)l/
to completely surround someone or something
محاصره کردن
Embody
ɪmˈbɑdi
to be the best possible example of a particular idea, quality, or principle, especially a good one
مجسم کردن
Emboss
ɪmˈbɔst
decorated with a raised design
برجسته کردن
Encrypt
ɪnˈkrɪpt
to put information into code
رمزگذاری
Defer
/dɪˈfɜr
to arrange for something to happen at a later time than you had planned
به تعویق انداختن
Plunge
/plʌndʒ
to fall quickly from a high position
غوطه، شیرجه
Dormant
/ˈdɔrmənt
something that is dormant is not active or developing now, but it may become active or develop in the future
Bilateral
/ˌbaɪˈlæt(ə)rəl/
a bilateral agreement or activity is one that involves two groups or countries
دوطرفه
Recipient
rɪˈsɪpiənt
someone who receives something
گیرنده
Intrude
ɪnˈtrud
to become involved in a situation in a way that is not welcome to other people, for example by getting involved in their private lives
سرزده، مزاحم
Wrinkle
rɪŋk(ə)l/
a line that appears on your skin when you get older, or when your skin has been damaged by the sun
چین و چروک
Cure
kjʊr
medicine or treatment that makes a sick person healthy
درمان
Exertion
/ɪɡˈzɜrʃ(ə)n/
great physical or mental effort
تلاش
Penetrate
ˈpenəˌtreɪt
get through something & get in
نفوذ
Enclosure
Closure
ɪnˈkloʊʒər
an area surrounded by a fence or wall
محفظه
بسته
Ritual
/ˈrɪtʃuəl
a formal ceremony
ایین، تشریفات
Erratic
ɪˈrætɪk
changing often or not following a regular pattern, so that it is difficult to know what will happen next
دمدمی مزاج
Constitutional
/ˌkɑnstɪˈtuʃ(ə)nəl/
allowed by the constitution of a country or organization
مشروطه، مطابق قانون اساسی
Violate
ˈvaɪəˌleɪt
to do something that is in opposition to a law, agreement, principle, etc
نقض
Tally
ˈtæli
a record of the number of things that someone has done, won, or achieved
شمارش، حساب
Weepy
/ˈwipi
if you feel weepy, you want to cry
نالان
Transparent
/trænsˈperənt
1 a transparent object or substance is clear or thin enough for you to see things through
شفاف
Coined
Built
ساخته شد
Defy
dɪˈfaɪ
to refuse to obey someone or something
سرپیچی کردن
Presumption
/prɪˈzʌmpʃən
a belief that something is true because it seems reasonable or likely
فرض
Conductor
kənˈdʌktər
someone who directs the musicians of an orchestra or other musical group
Synonyms and related words
هادی، رسانا
Ignition
/ɪɡˈnɪʃ(ə)n
the place where you put in the key to make a car’s engine start
احتراق، اتش گرفتن
Unilateral
ˌjunɪˈlætrəl
done or decided by one country, group, or person, often without considering what other countries, etc. think or want
یک جانبه، یک طرفه
Volatile
/ˈvɑlət(ə)l/
a volatile situation can suddenly change or become more dangerous
فرار
Hygienic
haɪˈdʒenɪk
clean and not likely to cause illness or disease
بهداشتی
Consistently
Consistent
kənˈsɪstəntli
in the same way and without changing in behavior, attitudes, or qualities
همواره
استوار
Corollary
ˈkɔrəˌleri
something that will also be true if a particular idea or statement is true, or something that will also exist if a particular situation exists
درنتیجه
Articulate
ɑrˈtɪkjulət
able to express your thoughts, arguments, and ideas clearly and effectively
بیان، ماهر در صحبت
Sovereignty
ˈsɑvrənti
the right to rule a country
حق حاکمیت
Commence
Commencement
kəˈmens
to begin, or to begin something
اغاز شود
شروع
Hinge
hɪndʒ
an object, usually made of metal, that fastens a door to a wall, or a lid to a container, and allows it to open and shut
لولا
مفصل
Nexus
ˈneksəs
a closely connected group of people or things, often forming the central part of something
رابطه
Ban
bæn
to say officially that people must not do, sell, or use something
منع کردن
Agrarian
əˈɡreriən
relating to or involving farming or farmers
کشاورزی
Peasant
/ˈpezənt
someone who works on another person’s farm or on their own small farm. This word is used mainly about people in poor countries or people in history
دهقان، روستایی
Predominantly
prɪˈdɑmɪnəntli
mainly, or mostly
عمدتا
Survey
ˈsɜrˌveɪ
a set of questions that you ask a large number of people or organizations
نظرسنجی
Brutal
/ˈbrut(ə)l/
extremely violent
وحشیانه
Downsize
ˈdaʊnˌsaɪz
to make a company or organization smaller by reducing the number of workers
کوچک کردن
Bully
ˈbʊli
someone who frightens or hurts another person, especially over a period of time
گردن کلفت
Debtor
ˈdetər
a person, organization, or country that owes money
بدهکار
Pupil
ˈpjup(ə)l/
someone, especially a child, who goes to school or who has classes in a particular subject
شاگرد
Vilification
vɪlɪfɪ’keɪʃn
توهین
Revert
rɪˈvɜrt
Return
برگرداندن
Ostensible
/ɑˈstensəb(ə)l/
appearing to be true, or stated by someone to be true, but possibly false
ظاهری
Pave
peɪv
to put a hard flat surface on an area of ground, using bricks, blocks of stone, concrete, etc
سنگفرش کردن
Payoff
ˈpeɪˌɔf
the benefit that you get from doing something
بازده
Metropolitan
/ˌmetrəˈpɑlɪt(ə)n/
belonging to a big city, or typical of big cities
شهربزرگ
Harsh
hɑrʃ
harsh conditions or places are unpleasant and difficult to live in
خشن
Steadily
/ˈstedili
slowly and gradually
به طور پیوسته
Tan
a light brown color
برنزه
Wither
ˈwɪðər
to become weaker or smaller and then disappear
پژمرده شدن
Alter
/ˈɔltər
to make something or someone different
تغییر
Devastate
ˈdevəˌsteɪt
Devastation
to seriously damage or completely destroy something
ویران کردن
ویرانی
Disposable
/dɪˈspoʊzəb(ə)l/
something that is disposable is designed to be thrown away after you have used it once or a few times
قابل عرضه
Staple
ˈsteɪp(ə
a small piece of wire that you press through pieces of paper with a small object called a stapler so that the ends of the wire bend over and fasten the pieces of paper together
اصلی
Moderate
/ˈmɑd(ə)rət
Moderation
neither very great nor very small in amount, size, strength, or degree
در حد متوسط
اعتدال
Applicable
/əˈplɪkəb(ə)l/
relevant to or affecting a particular situation or group of people
مناسب
Attendance
əˈtendəns
the number of people who are present at an event or in a place such as a school or church
حضور
Vocal
/ˈvoʊk(ə)l/
Vocalization
relating to the voice, or done with the voice
صوتی
صداسازی
Skepticism
ˈskeptɪˌsɪzəm
doubts that someone has about something that other people think is true or right
شک و تردید
Curiosity
ˌkjʊriˈɑsəti
a strong feeling of wanting to find out about something
کنجکاوی
Probe
proʊb
MAINLY JOURNALISM an attempt to find out the truth about an issue, problem, or accident, made by an official group or by a newspaper, television program, etc.
پویشگر
Fund
fʌnd
an amount of money that you collect, save, or invest
سرمایه
Hypothesis
haɪˈpɑθəsɪs
an idea that attempts to explain something but has not yet been tested or proved to be correct
فرضیه
Impetus
ˈɪmpətəs
a force that helps something to happen or develop more quickly
انگیزه
Repository
rɪˈpɑzəˌtɔri
a place where large quantities of things are stored or kept safe
مخزن
Reckon
ˈrekən
to calculate something
حساب کنید، روی چیزی حساب کردن
Enterprise
ˈentərˌpraɪz
a business company or organization
شرکت، پروژه
Manner
/ˈmænər
the way that you do something, or the way that something happens
شیوه، روش
Implementation
ˌɪmpləmənˈteɪʃ(ə)n/
the process of implementing something
پیاده سازی
Beget
bɪˈɡet
FORMAL to cause something to happen or be created
به وجود امدن
Particularly
pərˈtɪkjələrli/
very, or very much
به ویژه
Legislator
ˈledʒɪˌsleɪtər
someone who has the power and authority to create new laws
قانون گذار
Eerie
ˈɪri
strange and mysterious, and sometimes frightening
وهم انگیز، ترساننده
Notwithstanding
ˌnɑtwɪðˈstændɪŋ
despite something
با وجود
Insulate
/ˈɪnsjəˌleɪt
to cover something in order to prevent heat, cold, noise, or electricity from passing through it
عایق کردن
Fate
feɪt
the things that happen to someone, especially unpleasant things
سرنوشت
Recruit
Recruitment
rɪˈkrut
to get someone to work in a company or join an organization
استخدام کردن
Lexicography
ˌleksɪˈkɑɡrəfi
the job of writing a dictionary
فرهنگ لغت نویسی
Hierarchy
ˈhaɪəˌrɑrki
a system for organizing people according to their status in a society, organization, or other group
سلسله مراتب
Taxonomy
/tækˈsɑnəmi
the process of organizing similar things, especially living things, into groups or types
طبقه بندی
Exemplify
ɪɡˈzemplɪˌfaɪ
to be a typical example of something
مثال زدن
Ingredient
ɪnˈɡridiənt
one of the foods or liquids that you use in making a particular meal
عناصر
Drawn
drɔn
someone who looks drawn has a thin face and looks very tired, sick, or worried
کشیده شده نشانه ناراحتی صورت
ناراحت به نظر امدن
Disorient
dɪsˈɔriənt
to make someone confused about where they are or what direction they are moving in
منحرف کردن
Circulation
Circuit
/ˌsɜrkjəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/
the continuous movement of blood around your body
جریان
Duplicity
duˈplɪsəti
dishonest behavior that is intended to trick someone
دوگانگی
Elite
eɪ’liːt
small group of people who have a lot of advantages and keep the most power and influence
نخبه
Esteem
ɪˈstim
a feeling of admiration and respect for someone
احترام
Narrative
ˈnerətɪv
a story, or an account of something that has happened
روایت
electorate
/ɪˈlekt(ə)rət
n] the people in a country or an area who have the right to vote, thought of as a group
رای دهندگان
trustworthy
/ˈtrʌs(t)ˌwɜrði/
able to be trusted as being honest, safe, or reliable
قابل اعتماد
bless
bles
[v] to ask God to protect sb/sth
[v] to make sth holy by saying a prayer over it
برکت دادن
breathtaking
/ˈbreθˌteɪkɪŋ/
extremely impressive or beautiful
مهیج
bare
ber
adj] not covered by any clothes
[adj] not covered with leaves; without plants or trees
[adj] not covered with or protected by anything
برهنه
cruise
kruz
[n] a journey by sea, visiting different places, especially as a holiday/vacation
[v] to travel in a ship or boat visiting different places, especially as a holiday/vacation
کشتی تفریحی
spectrum
ˈspektrəm
the whole range of ideas, qualities, situations, etc. that are possible
طیف
treasury
ˈtreʒəri
n] (in Britain, the US and some other countries) the government department that controls public money
خزانه
mobilize
/ˈmoʊb(ə)lˌaɪz/
v] to work together in order to achieve a particular aim; to organize a group of people to do this
بسیج کردن
compile
kəmˈpaɪl
v] to produce a book, list, report, etc. by bringing together different items, articles, songs, etc.
گرد اوری
circumnavigate
Circumvent
ˌsɜrkəmˈnævɪˌɡeɪt
[v] to sail all the way around sth, especially all the way around the world
دور زدن
aviation
/ˌeɪviˈeɪʃ(ə)n/
[n] the designing, building and flying of aircraft
هوانوردی
innumerable
/ɪ’numərəb(ə)
adj] too many to be counted; very many
بی شمار
cue
kju
n] an action or event that is a signal for sb to do sth
[n] a few words or an action in a play that is a signal for another actor to do sth
نشانه
explicitly
ɪkˈsplɪsɪtli
in an extremely clear and direct way, so that there is no doubt what is meant
به صراحت
mislead
/mɪsˈlid
to make someone believe something that is incorrect or not true
گمراه
controversy
Controversial
ˈkɑntrəˌvɜrsi
n] public discussion and argument about sth that many people strongly disagree about, disapprove of, or are shocked by
جنجال
بحث برانگیز
discard
/dɪsˈkɑrd
to get rid of something that you no longer want or need
دور انداختن
Liquidity
/lɪˈkwɪdəti
a situation in which a business has money or property that it can sell in order to pay money that it owes
نقدینگی
glut
ɡlʌt/
an available amount of something that is more than people want or need
اشباع، پرخوری
inflationary
/ɪnˈfleɪʃ(ə)nˌeri/
relating to or likely to cause an increase in prices
تورم زا
tighten
/ˈtaɪt(ə)n/
to turn something such as a screw or a cover until it is tight and you cannot turn it any more
سفت کردن، تنگ کردن
slacken
ˈslækən
v] to gradually become, or to make sth become, slower, less active, etc.
سست کردن
Scrambled
/ˌskræmb(ə)ld
v] to move quickly, especially with difficulty, using your hands to help you
[v] to push, fight or compete with others in order to get or to reach sth
درهم ریخته
malleable
/ˈmæliəb(ə)l/
[adj] that can be hit or pressed into different shapes easily without breaking or cracking
[adj] easily influenced or changed
چکش خوار، نرم
Visionary
/ˈvɪʒ(ə)nˌeri
with clear ideas or hopes of how something should be done or how things will be in the future
رویایی
Tandem
/ˈtændəm
together and at the same time
پشت سر هم
Deliberate
dɪˈlɪb(ə)rət
intended, not done by chance or by accident
حساب شده، عمدی
Retrieve
Retrieval
/rɪˈtriv
to get something back, especially something that is not easy to find
بازیابی
Unwittingly
/ʌnˈwɪtɪŋli
in a way that is not conscious or deliberate
ناخواسته
Modest
ˈmɑdəst
modest person does not like to talk about themselves, their achievements, or their abilities, even if they are successful, expensive, important
فروتن
Sheer
ʃɪr
used for emphasizing the amount or degree of something
خالص، ناب
Recite
rɪˈsaɪt
to say a poem or story that you have learned to an audience
از بر خواندن
papal
/ˈpeɪp(ə)l/
adj] connected with the Pope
پاپ
corporate
Corporation
ˈkɔrp(ə)rət
adj] connected with a corporation
[adj] forming a corporation
[adj] involving or shared by all the members of a group
شرکتهای بزرگ، دارای شخصیت حقوقی
revision
/rɪˈvɪʒ(ə)n/
the process of changing, improving, or making additions to something such as a plan, law, or piece of writing
تجدید نظر
tropical
/ˈtrɑpɪk(ə)l/
in or from the hottest parts of the world
گرمسیری
computational
ˌkɑmpjəˈteɪʃən(ə)l/
relating to the ability to calculate numbers or amounts
محاسباتی
bewilder
/bɪˈwɪldər
to make someone feel confused
گیج کننده
localize
/ˈloʊk(ə)lˌaɪz/
[v] to limit sth or its effects to a particular area
[v] to find out where sth is
بومی سازی
Obsolete
ˌɑbsəˈlit
no longer used because of being replaced by something newer and more effective
منسوخ شده
Ingest
ɪnˈdʒest
to take food or drink into the body
بلعیدن
embryonic
ˌembriˈɑnɪk
adj] in an early stage of development
[adj] of an embryo
دوره جنینی
ابتدایی
symmetry
ˈsɪmətri
n] the exact match in size and shape between two halves, parts or sides of sth
[n] the quality of being very similar or equal
تقارن
invariably
ɪnˈveriəbli
Always
همیشه
elaborate
/ɪˈlæb(ə)rət
very detailed and complicated
دارای جزییات
arsenal
/ˈɑrs(ə)nəl
large collection of weapons and military equipment
انبار مهمات
painstaking
ˈpeɪnzˌteɪkɪŋ
adj] needing a lot of care, effort and attention to detail
پر زحمت
premiere
prɪˈmɪr
n] the first public performance of a film/movie or play
[v] to perform a play or piece of music or show a film/movie to an audience for the first time; to be performed or shown
برتر
pace
peɪs
the speed at which something happens or is done
سرعت
playwright
n] a person who writes plays for the theatre, television or radio
queasy
ˈkwizi/
adj] feeling sick; wanting to vomit
[adj] slightly nervous or worried about sth
دلگیر
consistency
kənˈsɪstənsi
the ability to remain the same in behavior, attitudes, or qualities
ثبات
chairman
ˈtʃermən
the person who is in charge of a meeting or committee. Many people prefer to say chair or chairperson, because the word chairman suggests that the person in this position is always a man.
رییس هیت مدیره
Exponential
/ˌekspəˈnenʃ(ə)l
increasing or growing very fast
نمایی
Leapfrog
Leap
ˈlipˌfrɔɡ
children’s game in which one child bends down so that another child can jump over them
جهشی
Performer
Actor
Distaste
dɪsˈteɪst
feeling of dislike for someone or something that you do not approve of
تنفر
Convince
kənˈvɪns
1 to make someone believe that something is true
متقاعد کردن
Cripple
ˈkrɪp(ə)l/
an offensive word for someone who is physically disabled, especially someone who is unable to walk
فلج کردن
Rouse
/raʊz
FORMAL to wake someone up
برانگیختن
poll
poʊl
an occasion when a lot of people are asked what they feel about something, usually by a company paid by a political party, television program, etc.
نظرسنجی
dirt
/dɜː(r)t/
Solid
خاک
flange
flændʒ
an edge that sticks out on a wheel so that it stays in the correct position
لبه دار کردن
لبه بیرون امده چرخ
groove
ɡruv
n] a long narrow cut in the surface of sth hard
[n] a particular type of musical rhythm
شیار
خط دار
grip
ɡrɪp
n] an act of holding sb/sth tightly; a particular way of doing this
[n] control or power over sb/sth
[n] an understanding of sth
گرفتن
Passion
/ˈpæʃ(ə)n
a powerful emotion such as love or anger
شور
conviction
/kənˈvɪkʃ(ə)n/
n] the act of finding sb guilty of a crime in court; the fact of having been found guilty
[n] a strong opinion or belief
محکومیت
complain
kəmˈpleɪn
v] to say that you are annoyed, unhappy or not satisfied about sb/sth
شکایت کردن
arduous
Arduously
ˈɑrdjuəs/
adj] involving a lot of effort and energy, especially over a period of time
سخت
دشوار
accurately
ˈækjərətli
in a way that is correct or true in every detail
به درستی
عینا
overstate
ˌoʊvərˈsteɪt
v] to say sth in a way that makes it seem more important than it really is
اغراق کردن
fabric
ˈfæbrɪk
n] material made by weaving wool, cotton, silk, etc., used for making clothes, curtains, etc. and for covering furniture
[n] the basic structure of a society, an organization, et
پارچه
comb
koʊm
n] a flat piece of plastic or metal with a row of thin teeth along one side, used for making your hair neat; a smaller version of this worn by women in their hair to hold it in place or as a
شانه کردن
stitch
stɪtʃ
n] one of the small lines of thread that you can see on a piece of cloth after it has been sewn; the action that produces this
[n] one of the small circles of wool that you make around
کوک، بخیه
steer
stɪr
to control the direction in which a vehicle moves
هدایت کردن
cultivation
ˌkʌltɪˈveɪʃ(ə)n/
n] the preparation and use of land for growing plants or crops
[n] the deliberate development of a particular relationship, quality or skill
کشت
Sparse
spɑrs/
Sparsely
existing in small amounts, or a large distance apart
پراکنده
به صورت پراکنده
Sporadic
spəˈrædɪk
not regular or frequent
پراکنده
Appointed
əˈpɔɪntəd
building or room that is beautifully appointed, well appointed, etc. has everything you need and is decorated very well
منصوب کردن
Associates
əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt
Associated
to form a connection in your mind between different people or things
همکاران
مرتبط است
Assignee
ˌəsaiˈni
someone who is legally given a right or responsibility
اختصاص دادن
واکذار کردن حقوق
Primitive
ˈprɪmətɪv
at a very simple stage of development, before modern technology
طرح اولیه
Prioritize
Prioritization
Priority
praɪˈɔrəˌtaɪz
to decide in what order you should do things, based on how important or urgent they are
الویت بندی
الویت
Instinct
Instinctive
ˈɪnstɪŋkt
natural tendency to behave in a particular way that people and animals are born with and that they obey without knowing why. For example the maternal instinct is a woman’s natural tendency to behave like a mother
غریزه
Juncture
ˈdʒʌŋktʃər
a stage in a process or activity
نقطه اتصال
Courage
ˈkʌrɪdʒ
the ability to do something that you know is right or good, even though it is dangerous, frightening, or very difficult
شجاعت
Infallible
ɪnˈfæləb(ə)l/
not capable of making mistakes
فریب خورده
Allure
əˈlʊr
special, exciting, and attractive quality that someone or something has
جذابیت
Edict
ˈidɪkt
an official order given by a government or person in authority
فرمان
حکم
Barricade
bærɪ’keɪd
a temporary structure that is built across a road, gate, or door to prevent people from getting through
سد
Maze
/meɪz
an arrangement of closely connected paths separated by tall bushes or trees. The paths often do not lead anywhere, and you have to use your memory and skill to get through.
پیچ و خم
Raze
Destroy
ویران کردن
Gentle
Soft, calm
ملایم
Fierce
fɪrs
involving very strong feelings such as determination, anger, or hate
شدید
Conscientious
ˌkɑnʃiˈenʃəs
working hard and careful to do things well
با وجدان
Acquittal
əˈkwɪt(ə)l/
an official judgment in a court of law that someone is not guilty of the crime they were accused of
تبرئه
Occurrence
əˈkɜrəns
something that happens, especially something unexpected and unpleasant
وقوع
اتفاق
Crisscross
ˈkrɪsˌkrɔs
to go across a place and back again many times, taking a different path each time
متقاطع
Conceivable
/kənˈsivəb(ə)l/
possible, or possible to imagine
ممکن
Incessant
/ɪnˈses(ə)nt/
continuing for a long time without stopping in a way that is annoying
بی وقفه
Reproductive
ˌriprəˈdʌktɪv
relating to the process of having babies or producing young animals or plants
تولیدمثل
Biblical
/ˈbɪblɪk(ə)l
relating to or based on the Bible
کتاب مقدس
Legend
ˈledʒənd
an old story about famous people and events in the past. Legends are not usually true
افسانه ای
Supposedly
səˈpoʊzədli
as some people believe or say, although you may not agree with this
ظاهرا
Formidable
ˈfɔrmɪdəb(ə)l/
very impressive in size, power, or skill and therefore deserving respect and often difficult to deal with
مهیب
Intact
ɪnˈtækt
not harmed, damaged, or lacking any parts as a result of something that has happened
سالم
Seal
sil
close a container or space by covering it with something so that air or other substances cannot get in or out
مهر
Unrivaled
ʌnˈraɪv(ə)ld
used for emphasizing that something is much better or greater than other similar things
بی رقیب
Criterion
Criteria
/kraɪˈtɪriən/
standard that is used for judging something or for making a decision about something
شاخص
معیار
Scarcely
ˈskersli/
almost not, or almost none
به ندرت
Put it off
به تعویق انداختن
Attitude
ˈætɪˌtud
someone’s opinions or feelings about something, especially as shown by their behavior
نگرش
Stream
strim
a small narrow river
جریان
Halt
hɔlt
a temporary or permanent stop in a process
مکث
متوقف شدن
Isolation
ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/
the state of being separated from other people, or a situation in which you do not have the support of other people
انزوا
Dialect
ˈdaɪəˌlekt
way of speaking a language that is used only in a particular area or by a particular group
گویش
لهجه
Milestone
ˈmaɪlˌstoʊn
stone at the side of a road that shows the distance to a particular place
نقطه ضعف
Indispensable
ˌɪndɪˈspensəb(ə)l/
difficult or impossible to exist without or to do something without
ضروری
Underpin
ˌʌndərˈpɪn
to be an important basic part of something, allowing it to succeed or continue to exist
زیربنا
Orientation
/ˌɔriənˈteɪʃ(ə)n
the particular interests, goals, and emphasis of a business, political group, or other organization
گرایش
Submissive
səbˈmɪsɪv
willing to do what other people tell you to do without arguing
مطیع بودن
Crouch
kraʊtʃ
to move your body close to the ground by bending your knees and leaning forward slightly
خم شدن
Surveyor
sərˈveɪər
1 someone whose job is to measure areas of land in order to make maps
نقشه بردار
Surveillance
sərˈveɪləns
the process of carefully watching a person or place that may be involved in a criminal activity
نظارت
Allusion
/əˈluʒ(ə)n/
a statement that refers to something in an indirect way
کنایه
Inclusion
/ɪnˈkluʒ(ə)n/
the action of including someone or something in a group, arrangement, document, etc.
شامل شدن
Subcontinent
sʌbˈkɑntɪnənt
large area of land that forms part of a continent, especially the part of Asia that contains India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh
شبه قاره
Bestow
bɪˈstoʊ
to give valuable property or an important right or honor to someone
عطا کردن
دادن
Surmise
sərˈmaɪz
to guess that something is true, when you do not have enough information to prove that it is true
حدس و گمان
Shunt
ʃʌnt
to move someone or something to a different place or position, especially to avoid dealing with them
انتقال
Inherit
ɪnˈherɪt
to receive property or money from someone who has died
به ارث بردن
Offspring
ˈɔfˌsprɪŋ
BIOLOGY someone’s child or children
فرزندان
Recreation
/ˌrekriˈeɪʃ(ə)n/
things that you do to enjoy yourself
تفریح
Worship
ˈwɜrˌʃɪp
the activity of showing respect and love for a god, for example by singing or praying
عبادت
Inheritance
/ɪnˈherɪt(ə)ns
property or money that you receive from someone when they die
وراثت
Whereby
hwerˈbaɪ
used for saying that something is done according to the method, arrangement, rule, etc. that has been referred to
به موجب ان
Famine
ˈfæmɪn/
a serious lack of food that continues for a long time and causes many people in a country to become sick or die
قحطی
Reflect
rɪˈflekt
to show the existence or nature of something
منعکس کردن
Unanimous
jʊˈnænɪməs
a unanimous decision, vote, agreement, etc. is one that everyone agrees with and supports
به اتفاق ارا
Endorse
Endorsement
ɪnˈdɔrs
to express support for someone or something, especially in public
تایید و امضا
Adopt
əˈdɑpt
to take someone else’s child into your family and legally make him or her your own child
به فرزندی گرفتن
قبول کردن
Dig
dɪɡ
to make a hole in earth or sand using your hands, a machine, or a tool, especially a shovel
حفر کردن
Expel
ɪkˈspel
to officially force someone to leave a place or organization because of their bad behavior
اخراج کردن
Intuitively
Intuition
ˌɪntuˈɪʃ(ə)n/
به طور شهودی
بینش
an ability to know or understand something through your feelings, instead of by considering facts or evidence
Colossal
/kəˈlɑs(ə)l/
extremely great or large
غول اسا
Chronically
مزمن
Amid
əˈmɪd
if something happens amid particular feelings or events, it happens while people have these feelings or while these events are happening
در میان
Plenty
ˈplenti
a large amount of something, or a large number of things or people, usually more than enough
فراوانی
Astonish
əˈstɑnɪʃ
to surprise someone very much
شگفت زده کردن
Viable
/ˈvaɪəb(ə)l/
able to be done, or worth doing
قابل اجرا
Withstand
wɪðˈstænd
1 to be strong enough not to be harmed or destroyed by something
تحمل کردن
Blade
bleɪd
the thin sharp part of a knife, tool, or weapon that cuts things
تیغه
Detach
/dɪˈtætʃ/
to remove a part from something
جدا
Irreverent
ɪˈrevrənt
showing no respect for traditions, the rules of society, or religious beliefs
بی احترامی
Condition
kənˈdɪʃ(ə)n/
the physical state of something
شرایط
Cosmic
ˈkɑzmɪk
relating to the planets, stars, space, and the universe in general
کیهانی
Tether
ˈteðər
a rope or chain used for tying an animal to something so that it will stay in a particular area
متصل کردن
Teller
ˈtelər
someone whose job is to receive and pay out money in a bank
متصدی بانک
Incline
ɪnˈklaɪn
to slope in a particular direction, or to make something do this
متمایل شدن
Moisture
ˈmɔɪstʃər
a small amount of water or another liquid in the air, on the surface of something, or in a substance
مرطوب
Etiquette
ˈetɪˌket
a set of rules for behaving correctly in social situations
اداب معاشرت
Savviest
Savvy
ˈsævi
knowing a lot about something and able to make good judgments about it
باهوش
Inadvertently
ˌɪnədˈvɜrt(ə)ntli/
not deliberately, and without realizing what you are doing
ناخواسته
Submission
səbˈmɪʃ(ə)n
a document that you formally give to someone who will make a decision about it
ارسال
تسلیم
Assignment
/əˈsaɪnmənt
work that you must do as part of a course of study or as part of your job
وظیفه
Abide
əˈbaɪd
an old word meaning “to stay or live somewhere”
پایبند بودن
Discourse
ˈdɪsˌkɔrs
a long and serious speech or piece of writing on a particular subject
سخن
Bonus
ˈboʊnəs
something good that you get in addition to what you expect
جایزه
Committee
kəˈmɪti
a group of people who represent a larger group or organization and are chosen to do a particular job, for example to study something and suggest what action to take
کمیته
Negotiate
nəˈɡoʊʃiˌeɪt
to try to reach an agreement by discussing something in a formal way, especially in a business or political situation
مذاکره کننده
Spinal
ˈspaɪn(ə)l/
relating to your spine
ستون فقرات
Pulse
pʌls
the regular movement of blood as the heart pumps it around the body
نبض
Standstill
/ˈstæn(d)ˌstɪl
situation in which something stops moving or happening
توقف
Culpability
ˌkʌlpəˈbɪləti
responsibility for doing something bad or illegal
مقصر بودن
Prosper
ˈprɑspər
to be successful, especially by making a lot of money
رونق
Inspect
Inspection
ɪnˈspekt
Inspector
to look at something carefully in order to check that it is correct or good enough
بازرسی
بازرس
Obstruct
əbˈstrʌkt
Obstruction
to block a path, passage, door, etc. so that it is difficult or impossible for someone or something to move along or through it
مانع
انسداد، گرفتگی
Elicit
ɪˈlɪsɪt
to make someone react in the way that you want
برانگیختن
Trial
ˈtraɪəl
process of examining a case in a court of law and deciding whether someone is guilty or innocent. When a case comes to trial, it is brought to a court and the person who has been accused of a crime stands trial
ازمایش
Articulation
ɑrˌtɪkjuˈleɪʃ(ə)n/
the production of speech or music
طرز گفتار
Facilitate
fəˈsɪləˌteɪt
to make it possible or easier for something to happen
تسهیل کردن
Novice
ˈnɑvɪs
someone who is just beginning to learn a skill or subject
تازه کار
Liable
ˈlaɪəb(ə)l/
legally responsible for causing damage or injury, so that you have to pay something or be punished
مسئول
Infinite
/ˈɪnfɪnɪt
very great, and seeming to have no limit
نامحدود
Fussy
ˈfʌsi
only satisfied if things are exactly as you want them to be
ایرادگیر
Apt
æpt
something that is apt, especially a name, description, or comment, is very appropriate
مناسب
صلاحیت
Denouement
ˌdeɪnuˈmɑ̃
the end of a book, play, or series of events, when everything is explained
انصراف
Menopause
ˈmenəˌpɔz
the time in a woman’s life when her periods stop and she is no longer capable of getting pregnant
یائسگی
Vastly
/ˈvæs(t)li/
to a great degree
بسیار زیاد
Pathogen
ˈpæθədʒən
something such as bacteria or a virus that causes disease
بیماری زا
Sewage
ˈsuɪdʒ
waste substances, especially waste from people’s bodies, removed from houses and other buildings by a system of large underground pipes called sewers
فاضلاب شهری
Intake
/ˈɪnˌteɪk/
the amount of something that you eat or drink
مصرف
Dignity
ˈdɪɡnəti
the impressive behavior of someone who controls their emotions in a difficult situation
کرامت
Jeopardize
ˈdʒepərˌdaɪz
to risk damaging or destroying something important
به خطر انداختن
Flesh
fleʃ
1 the soft part of people’s or animals’ bodies that consists mostly of muscle and fat
گوشت
Fence
fens
flat upright structure made of wood or wire that surrounds an area of land
حصار
Harassment
ˈherəsmənt
annoying or unpleasant behavior toward someone that takes place regularly, for example threats, offensive remarks, or physical attacks
ازار و اذیت
Inclusive
ɪnˈklusɪv
including all costs
شامل
Crust
krʌst
the hard brown outer part of a loaf of bread
a crust of bread: Sparrows pecked at a crust of bread.
پوسته
Foundation
/faʊnˈdeɪʃ(ə)n
the part of a structure of a building that is below the ground and supports the rest of it
پایه
Ambivalent
æmˈbɪvələnt
feeling two different things about someone or something at the same time, for example that you like them and dislike them
متضاد
Ample
ˈæmp(ə)l/
enough, and often more than you need
کافی
Inquisitive
ɪnˈkwɪzətɪv
eager to learn about a lot of different things
کنجکاو
Generosity
ˌdʒenəˈrɑsəti
kindness, especially in giving things to people
سخاوت
Claim
kleɪm
to say that something is true, even though there is no definite proof
مطالبه
ادعا
Caveat
ˈkæviˌæt
a warning of the limits of a particular agreement or statement
هشدار
Teem
tim
teem or teem down if it is teeming or teeming down, a lot of rain is falling
پر کردن
فراوان بودن
Fortify
ˈfɔrtɪˌfaɪ
to protect a place against attack by building strong walls, towers, or other structures around it
مستحکم کردن
Fervent
/ˈfɜrv(ə)nt
very enthusiastic and sincere, especially about something you believe in or support
پر شور
Frontier
frʌnˈtɪr
a border between two countries, especially one with official points where people or vehicles cross
مرز
Subsume
səbˈsum
to include something in a larger group and cause it to lose its own individual character
زیرمجموعه
Mitigate
ˈmɪtɪˌɡeɪt
to reduce the harmful effects of something
کاهش
Statutory
ˈstætʃəˌtɔri
controlled by a law or statute
قانونی
Ratify
ˈrætəˌfaɪ
to make an agreement official by signing it or formally accepting it
تصویب کردن
Survivor
sərˈvaɪvər
someone or something that still exists after an event that could have killed or destroyed them
بازمانده
Bilingualism
baɪˈlɪŋɡwəlɪzəm
the use of two languages by a person or group
دو زبانه
Culprit
ˈkʌlprɪt
someone who is responsible for doing something bad or illegal
مقصر
Disaster
dɪˈzæstər
something very bad that happens and causes a lot of damage or kills a lot of people
فاجعه
Tornado
tɔrˈneɪdoʊ
very strong wind that goes quickly around in a circle or funnel
گردباد
Unkempt
ʌnˈkempt
dirty and messy
نامرتب
Bush
bʊʃ
plant that is smaller than a tree and has many thin branches growing close together
بوته
Trainee
ˌtreɪˈni
someone who is being trained for a particular profession or job
کاراموز
Restoration
/ˌrestəˈreɪʃ(ə)n
the process of putting something such as a piece of art or a building back into its original condition so that it looks cleaner and better
مرمت
Conjunction
/kənˈdʒʌŋkʃ(ə)n
word such as ‘and’, ‘but’, ‘because’, or ‘when’ that joins words, groups, phrases, and sentences. For example in the sentence ‘The police have not revealed the details and we don’t know when they will’, ‘and’ and ‘when’ are conjunctions.
پیوستگی
Inaugurate
ɪˈnɔɡjəˌreɪt
to start or introduce something new and important
افتتاح
Dissection
Dissect
daɪˈsekt
to cut the body of a dead person or animal into parts in order to examine them
تشریح
Manifold
ˈmænɪˌfoʊld
of many different kinds
تعداد زیاد و متنوع
Signify
ˈsɪɡnɪˌfaɪ
to be a sign or symbol of something
دلالت کردن
معنی بخشیدن
Remittance
/rɪˈmɪt(ə)ns/
payment for goods or services that you send through the mail
حواله
پرداخت
Exceed
ɪkˈsid
to be greater than a number or amount
تجاوز
Discredit
dɪˈskredɪt
to harm someone’s reputation
بی اعتبار کردن
Cranky
ˈkræŋki
someone who is cranky gets annoyed easily
لعنتی
بدخو
Hazard
Hazardous
ˈhæzərd
something that could be dangerous or could cause damage or accidents
خطر
خطرناک
Vivid
ˈvɪvɪd
having or producing very clear and detailed images in the mind
واضح
Recoup
rɪˈkup
to get back money that you have invested or lost
جبران
Salvage
ˈsælvɪdʒ
to save property or possessions from a building that has been damaged or destroyed in a fire, flood, etc.
نجات
Deteriorate
dɪˈtɪriəˌreɪt
to become worse
بدتر شدن
خراب شدن
Exploitative
ɪkˈsplɔɪtətɪv
treating people unfairly in order to get some benefit for yourself
استثمارگر
Proponent
prəˈpoʊnənt
someone who publicly supports an idea, policy, plan, etc.
طرفدار
Burgeon
ˈbɜrdʒən
to grow or develop quickly
جوانه زدن
Mandate
ˈmænˌdeɪt
the authority of an elected government or official to do the things that they promised to do before an election
دستور
Peptic
a small painful area inside your stomach, usually caused by bacteria
معده
Ulcer
ˈʌlsər
sore area on the inside of an organ in your body or on your skin that sometimes bleeds or produces a poisonous substance
زخم
Blip
blɪp
a small flashing light on a computer screen or similar piece of equipment
ضربه زدن
Ominous
ˈɑmɪnəs
making you think that something bad will happen
شوم
Fold
foʊld
Foldable
to bend a piece of paper or cloth and press one part of it over another part
تا کردن
تاشو
Exquisite
ˈekskwɪzɪt
extremely beautiful and delicate
نفیس
Torture
ˈtɔrtʃər
extreme physical pain caused by someone or something, especially as a punishment or as a way to make someone say something
شکنجه
Curative
ˈkjʊrətɪv
used for curing an illness
درمانی
Arbitration
ˌɑrbɪˈtreɪʃ(ə)n/
the official process of trying to settle a disagreement between two people or groups by considering all the facts and opinions
داوری
Bound
baʊnd
something that is bound to happen will almost certainly happen
مقید شده است
Deem
dim
to consider that someone or something has a particular quality
در نظر گرفته شده
Funerary
ˈfjunəˌreri
relating to funerals or graves
تشییع جنازه
Vest
vest
a piece of clothing with no sleeves or collar and with buttons down the front, which you usually wear over a shirt. The British word is waistcoat.
جلیقه
Bursting
Burst
ˈbɜrstɪŋ
if you are bursting with something such as pride, energy, or love, you feel or have a lot of it
ترکیدن
انفجار
Cursory
ˈkɜrsəri
quick and not thorough
گذرا
سرسری
Embryo
ˈembriˌoʊ
an animal or human before it is born, when it is beginning to develop and grow
جنین
Imprisonment
ɪmˈprɪz(ə)nmənt
the punishment of being put into prison. The punishment of life imprisonment means that someone will be kept in prison for many years, possibly until they die
زندان
Remission
rɪˈmɪʃ(ə)n
period of time when an illness or disease becomes less severe
بهبودی
Pledge
pledʒ/
promise seriously and publicly to do something
سوگند، تعهد
Conclude
/kənˈklud/
to decide that something is true after looking at all the evidence you have
نتیجه گرفتن
Partially
ˈpɑrʃəli
not completely
تا اندازه ای
Congestion
/kənˈdʒestʃ(ə)n/
situation in which a place is crowded with people or vehicles, so that it is difficult to move around
تراکم شلوغی
Cheerful
/ˈtʃɪrf(ə)l/
behaving in a happy friendly way
بشاش
Inflammation
ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃ
an area on your body that is swollen, red, and painful because of an infection or injury
التهاب
Lackluster
ˈlækˌlʌstər
not lively, exciting, or impressive
بی درخشش
Splendor
ˈsplendər
the impressive beauty of something, often something that looks very expensive
شکوه
Thrive
θraɪv
to become very successful, happy, or healthy
رشد کردن
Nasty
ˈnæsti
nasty behavior is unkind or offensive
زننده
Brutish
ˈbrutɪʃ
violent and cruel
بی رحم
Quantifiable
ˈkwɑntəˌfaɪəb(ə)l/
capable of being measured or described as a quantity
قابل اندازه گیری
Indigenous
ɪnˈdɪdʒənəs/
indigenous people lived in a place for a very long time before other people came to live there
بومی
Compelling
kəmˈpelɪŋ
interesting or exciting enough to keep your attention completely
مجبور
Belongings
bɪˈlɔŋɪŋz
the things you own
متعلقات
Consensus
kənˈsensəs
agreement among all the people involved
اجماع
وفاق
Unsympathetic
ˌʌnsɪmpəˈθetɪk
not kind enough or interested enough to want to know about other people’s problems
بی همدردی
Utopian
juˈtoʊpiən
utopian principles or beliefs are based on the idea that life can be perfect. This is often used for saying that something is not practical or sensible
خیال پرست
Auspices
ˈɔspɪsəz
with the help and support of a particular person or organization
فرهیختگی
Fraternal
/frəˈtɜrn(ə)l
belonging to brothers, or between brothers
برادرانه، دوستانه
Paternal=والدین
Solo
ˈsoʊloʊ
a piece of music or a part of a piece of music that is performed by one person
انفرادی
Renowned
rɪˈnaʊnd
famous and admired for a special skill or achievement
مشهور
Plurality
plʊˈræləti
large variety of people or things
کثرت
Bizarre
bɪˈzɑr
strange and difficult to explain
عجیب و غریب
Scripture
ˈskrɪptʃər
کتاب مقدس
Plumage
ˈplumɪdʒ
a bird’s feathers
پر
Variegated
ˈveriəˌɡeɪtəd
with different colors on the leaves or flowers
رنگارنگ
Camouflage
ˈkæməˌflɑʒ
way of hiding people or objects by making them look like the natural background
استتار
پوشش
Bargain
ˈbɑrɡən
something you buy that costs much less than normal
چانه زدن
معامله
Clinch
klɪntʃ
to manage to win or achieve something by doing one final thing that makes it certain
گیره
Benchmark
ˈbentʃˌmɑrk
an amount, level, standard, etc. that you can use for judging how good or bad other things are
معیار
Tide
taɪd
the way that the level of the ocean regularly rises and falls during the
جذر و مد
Colloquium
kəˈloʊkwiəm
a large meeting to discuss something, usually an academic subject
گفتگو
Whether
ˈhweðər
used when someone does not know which of two possibilities is true
چه
Steady
ˈstedi
firmly held in a particular position without moving or shaking
ثابت
Delegation
/ˌdeləˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n/
a group of people who represent a country, government, or organization
هیئت نمایندگی
Plainly
ˈpleɪnli
in a way that is easy to see, hear, notice, etc.
به وضوح
Slave
sleɪv
someone who belongs by law to another person as their property and has to obey them and work for them
برده
Unadorned
ˌʌnəˈdɔrnd
not decorated, or not made to look more attractive
بدون تزئین
Ornateness
decorated with complicated patterns or shapes
اراستگی
Sensibly
ˈsensəbli
in a sensible way
معقولانه
Interplay
ˈɪntərˌpleɪ
the ways that people or things affect each other or react when they are put together
متقابل
Defensive
dɪˈfensɪv
Defence
showing that you are angry or offended when you think that someone is criticizing you
دفاعی
دفاع
Horizon
/həˈraɪz(ə)n
the horizon the line in the distance where the sky seems to meet the earth
افق
Abhorrence
əbˈhɔrəns
the feeling that you have when you dislike something very much, usually because you think it is immoral
بیزاری
Obey
oʊˈbeɪ
to do what a law or a person says that you must do
اطاعت کردن
Hum
hʌm
to make musical sounds with your lips closed
زمزمه
Correspondence
ˌkɔrəˈspɑndəns
the process of writing and receiving letters
مکاتبات
Determination
dɪˌtɜrmɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n/
the refusal to let anything prevent you from doing what you have decided to do
عزم
Unfathomable
ʌnˈfæðəməb(ə)l/
impossible to explain or understand
غیرقابل درک
Forensic
fəˈrenzɪk
relating to the use of scientific methods to solve crimes and to find out who committed them
پزشک قانونی
Sluggish
ˈslʌɡɪʃ
not performing or reacting as well as usual
تنبل
Tempo
ˈtempoʊ
the speed at which music is played or sung
سرعت
Specimen
ˈspesəmən/
small amount of blood, urine, or another liquid taken from your body so that it can be examined
نمونه
Ladder
ˈlædər
a piece of equipment for reaching high places that consists of two long pieces of wood or metal joined by smaller pieces called rungs
نردبان
Fragrant
ˈfreɪɡrənt
with a pleasant smell
معطر
Permafrost
ˈpɜrməˌfrɔst
ground that stays permanently frozen, for example in the polar regions
منجمد دائمی
Cottage
ˈkɑtɪdʒ
a small house, usually in a village or the countryside
کلبه
Bogus
ˈboʊɡəs
not real, although pretending to be real
ساختگی
Acronym
Abbreviation
ˈækrəˌnɪm
an abbreviation consisting of letters that form a word. For example, NATO is an acronym for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
مخفف
Stale
steɪl
stale food such as bread is old and no longer fresh
کهنه
Accuse
əˈkjuz
to say that someone has done something wrong or committed a crime
متهم
Beverage
bev(ə)rɪdʒ
a drink
نوشیدنی
Contribution
ˌkɑntrɪˈbjuʃ(ə)n/
something that you do that helps to achieve something or to make it successful
مشارکت
Accustom
əˈkʌstəm
to gradually start to feel that something is normal or natural
عادت کردن
Pull together
if people pull together, they work together to achieve something
همکاری کردن
Thought-provoking
/ˈθɔt prəˌvoʊkɪŋ
interesting in a way that makes you think of new ideas or that changes your attitude to something
تامل برانگیز
Region
ˈridʒən
a large area of land whose politics, geography, or culture is different from other areas
مناطق
Association
ə‚səʊsɪ’eɪʃn
group of people who have joined together because they have similar interests or goals
اتحادیه
گروه
Volcanic
Volcano
vɑlˈkænɪk
coming from or connected with a volcano
اتشفشانی
اتشفشان
Submarine
ˈsʌbməˌrin
ship that can travel both on the surface of the water and under water
زیردریایی
Misleadingly
mɪsˈlidɪŋ
intended or likely to make someone believe something that is incorrect or not true
به طور گمراه کننده
Involuntarily
ɪnˈvɑlənˌteri/
1 an involuntary movement, sound, or reaction is made suddenly and in a way that you cannot control
غیر ارادی
Unprovokedly
ˌʌnprəˈvoʊkt
an unprovoked attack is made on someone who has done nothing wrong
بی دلیل
Pollen
ˈpɑlən
a powder produced by flowers. It is carried by the wind or insects to other flowers so that they can produce new seeds.
گرده
Gastrointestinal
ˌɡæstroʊɪnˈtestɪn(ə)l/
relating to your stomach and your intestines
Synonyms and related words
دستگاه گوارش
Regardless
rɪˈɡɑrdləs
without being affected or influenced by someone or something
بدون در نظر گرفتن
Merit
ˈmerɪt
an advantage or good quality that someone or something has
شایستگی
Integrity
ɪnˈteɡrəti
the quality of always behaving according to the moral principles that you believe in, so that people respect and trust you
تمامیت
Outrageously
aʊtˈreɪdʒəs
very shocking or unreasonable
به طرز فاجعه
Forerunner
ˈfɔrˌrʌnər
an institution, custom, or thing that existed before a newer but similar thing
پیشرو
Pride
praɪd
feeling of pleasure and satisfaction that you get when you, or someone connected with you, have achieved something special
غرور
Dissipate
Dissipation
ˈdɪsɪˌpeɪt
to gradually disappear by becoming less strong, or to make something do this
از هم پاشیدن
اتلاف
Pounce
paʊns
to quickly jump on or hold someone or something
پرتاب کردن
Warrior
ˈwɔriər/
a soldier, especially in the past
جنگجو
Interlude
ˈɪntərˌlud
short period of time between two longer periods
Explicatory
ˈeksplɪˌkeɪt
to make the meaning of a piece of writing, a plan, etc. clear
توضیحی
Scarcity
ˈskersəti
a situation in which the supply of something is not enough for the people who want it or need it
کمبود
Flavored
ˈfleɪvərd
tasting a particular way or of a particular thing
طعم دار شده
Hitch
hɪtʃ/
travel by asking other people to take you in their car, by standing on the side of a road and holding out your thumb or a sign
تکان دادن
Equation
/ɪˈkweɪʒ(ə)n/
MATHS a statement that two sets of numbers, letters, or symbols are equal
معادله
Engrave
ɪnˈɡreɪv
to cut words or pictures into a hard surface such as stone, metal, or glass
حکاکی شده
Perpetrator
ˈpɜrpəˌtreɪt
to do something that is harmful, illegal, or dishonest
مرتکب جرم
Justice
ˈdʒʌstɪs
the fact that something is reasonable and fair
عدالت
Pewter
ˈpjutrə
a gray metal made by mixing lead and tin, used in the past for making plates, cups, and other objects
اسپند
Durable
Durability
/ˈdʊrəb(ə)l/
able to stay in good condition for a long time and after being used a lot
بادوام
Dietary
ˈdaɪəˌteri
related to the foods that someone eats
غذایی
Canonical
kəˈnɑnɪk(ə)l/
following the generally accepted rules of something
ابتدایی
Wound
wund
an injury in which your skin or flesh is damaged, usually seriously. When a wound gets better it heals
زخم
Derision
Derisory
dɪˈrɪʒ(ə)n
the opinion that someone or something is stupid, unimportant, or useless
تمسخر
تمسخر امیر
Outlook
ˈaʊtˌlʊk
an idea about what a situation will be like in the future
چشم انداز
Impart
ɪmˈpɑrt
to give something such as information, knowledge, or beliefs to someone
به اشتراک گذاشتن
Elevation
ˌeləˈveɪʃ(ə)n/
the height of an area of land, usually measured from sea level
ارتفاع
Utmost
ˈʌtˌmoʊst
as much as possible: used for emphasizing a quality or feeling
بیشترین
Gloomy
ˈɡlumi
feeling sad and without hope
غم انگیز
Remedy
ˈremədi
a solution to a particular problem
درمان
چاره
Scourge
skɜrdʒ
something that causes a lot of trouble or harm
بلا
Suppress
səˈpres
to stop opposition or protest using military force or strict laws
سرکوب کردن
Urge
ɜrdʒ
to advise someone very strongly about what action or attitude they should take
اصرار
Distinctly
/dɪˈstɪŋk(t)li
in a way that is clear to your senses
مجزا
Hereditary
həˈredɪˌteri
hereditary disease or quality is passed from a parent to a child in their genes
ارثی
Indistinguishable
ˌɪndɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃəb(ə)l/
if two things are indistinguishable, you cannot see any difference between them
غیرقابل تشخیص
Inspire
ɪnˈspaɪr
to give someone the enthusiasm to do or create something
الهام بخشیدن
Esoteric
ˌesəˈterɪk
known about or understood by very few people
ترسناک
Avalanche
ˈævəˌlæntʃ
a large amount of snow and ice that suddenly falls down a mountain
بهمن
Descend
dɪˈsend
to go down a mountain or slope, or to go down some stairs
فرود امدن
Midwife
ˈmɪdˌwaɪf
a nurse whose job is to take care of women when they are giving birth to a baby
ماما
Annotate
ˈænəˌteɪt
to put notes in a piece of writing in order to explain parts of it
حاشیه نویسی
Fulfill
fʊlˈfɪl
to do a particular job or have a particular purpose
براورده کند
Sectarian
sekˈteriən
caused by disagreements among people from different religious groups
فرقه ای
Repression
rɪˈpreʃ(ə)n/
the use of force or violence to control people
سرکوب
Carve
kɑrv
to make an object by cutting it from stone or wood
تراشیدن
Improperly
Improper
not suitable or right according to accepted standards of social or professional behavior
نادرست
نامناسب
Compensate
ˈkɑmpənˌseɪt
to change or remove the bad result of something
جبران کردن
Stabilize
Stability
/ˈsteɪb(ə)lˌaɪz
to reach a point where a medical condition is not likely to suddenly become worse, or to make someone reach this point
تثبیت کردن
ثبات
Heal
hil
an injury heals, the skin or bone grows back together and becomes healthy again
شفا دادن
التیام دادن
Fatality
fəˈtæləti
a death caused by an accident, war, violence, or disease
مرگبار
Constantly
ˈkɑnstəntli
always or regularly
دائما
Intermingle
ˌɪntərˈmɪŋɡ(ə)l/
if two things intermingle, or if you intermingle them, they mix with each other
در هم امیختن
Override
ˌoʊvərˈraɪd
to use official authority to ignore or change a decision that someone else made
لغو کردن
Shatter
ˈʃætər
to break something suddenly into a lot of small pieces
خرد کردن
Bankrupt
ˈbæŋkˌrʌpt
a person or business that is bankrupt has officially admitted that they have no money and cannot pay what they owe
ورشکسته
Accommodation
əˌkɑməˈdeɪʃ(ə)n/
change in behavior or attitude that helps people work together or end a disagreement
محل اقامت
Granular
ˈɡrænjələr
consisting of granules
دانه ای
Showmanship
ˈʃoʊmənˌʃɪp
the ability to do things in a lively and enthusiastic way that attracts attention
نمایشگری
Stunt
stʌnt
something dangerous, for example jumping from a building, that is done to entertain people, often as part of a movie
شیرین کاری
Tube
tub
a long narrow object similar to a pipe that liquid or gas can move through
لوله
Transpire
trænˈspaɪr
FORMAL to happen
رخ دهد
Bystander
ˈbaɪˌstændər
someone who is in a particular place by chance when an accident or an unusual event happens but who is not directly connected with it
تماشاچی
Drab
dræb
not colorful or interesting
خشک و خسته کننده
Consign
kənˈsaɪn
to put someone or something somewhere, especially because you do not want to deal with them
ارسال
Peninsula
pəˈnɪnsələ
a long piece of land that is mostly surrounded by water, but is joined at one end to a larger area of land
شبه جزیره
Centralize
ˈsentrəˌlaɪz
to give control of a country, organization, or industry to one central group of people
متمرکز کردن
Conquer
ˈkɑŋkər
to take control of land or people using soldiers
تسخیر کردن
Strengthen
ˈstreŋθən
make your body physically stronger or more healthy
قوی کردن
Broaden
/ˈbrɔd(ə)n/
to make something include more things or people
گسترش دهد
Further
ˈfɜrðər
به علاوه
Pervade
pərˈveɪd
to spread through the whole of something and become a very obvious feature of it
فراگیر شود
Reddish
ˈredɪʃ
similar to red, or slightly red
مایل به قرمز
Tomb
tum
a grave where a dead person is buried, especially one consisting of a large stone structure
مقبره
Tranquility
ˈtræŋkwəˌlaɪz
to make a person or animal calm or unconscious, especially by using a drug
ارامش
Elasticity
ɪlæˈstɪsəti
the ability of a substance to stretch easily and then return to its original shape quickly
قابلیت ارتجاعی
Horn
hɔrn
the object in a car or other vehicle that makes a loud warning noise when you press it
شیپور
بوق
Viper
ˈvaɪpər
type of poisonous snake
افعی
Auditory
ˈɔdɪˌtɔri
relating to hearing
شنوایی
Scurry
ˈskʌri
to move fast with small quick steps
حرکت سریع
دویدن
Board
bɔrd
a long thin flat piece of wood, used especially for making floors and other parts of buildings
هیئت مدیره
Plateau
plæˈtoʊ
a large flat area of land that is higher than the land around it
فلات
Edge
edʒ
the part of something that is farthest from its center
لبه
Tackle
/ˈtæk(ə)l/
to make an organized and determined attempt to deal with a problem, often a social problem such as crime or unemployment
برخورد با
Flog
flɑɡ
to hit someone very hard with a stick or whip as a punishment
شلاق زدن
Fizzle
/ˈfɪz(ə)
to gradually fail, become less enthusiastic, or disappear, especially after starting successfully
شکست خوردن
گاز گرفتن
Compact
kəmˈpækt
smaller than most things of the same kind
فشرده
Accusation
/ˌækjəˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/
claim that someone has done something illegal or wrong
اتهام
Decry
dɪˈkraɪ
to say publicly that you do not approve of someone or something
فحش دادن
Chasm
ˈkæzəm
a very big difference that separates one person or group from another
شکاف عظیم
Precipitation
prɪˌsɪpɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n/
rain, snow, hail, etc.
بارش
ته نشینی
Prudent
/ˈprud(ə)nt/
careful, and using good judgment
محتاط
معقول
Attended
Attendee
əˌtenˈdi
someone who is present at an event or activity
حضور داشتن
Mentor
ˈmenˌtɔr
an experienced person who helps someone who has less experience, especially in their job
مربیان
Acclimation
æklaɪ’meɪʃn
To gradually become more comfortable in a new place, especially where physical conditions are very different
سازگاری
Perpetuate
pərˈpetʃueɪt/
to make something such as a situation or process continue, especially one that is wrong, unfair, or dangerous
ماندگار کردن
Preservation
Preserve
ˌprezərˈveɪʃ(ə)n/
the process of working to protect something valuable so that it is not damaged or destroyed
حفظ
Antithesis
ænˈtɪθəsɪs
the exact opposite of something
تضاد
Mural
ˈmjʊrəl
a large painting done on a wall
نقاشی دیواری
Immensely
ɪˈmensli
very, or very much: used for emphasizing what you are saying
به شدت
Devotee
ˌdevoʊˈti
someone who is very enthusiastic about something
فداکار
هواخواه
Imitate
ˈɪmɪˌteɪt
to copy something
تقلید کردن
Subtract
səbˈtrækt
to take a number or amount from another number or amount. The symbol for this is – and is called a minus sign
تفریق کردن
Mild
maɪld
mild illness or injury is one that is not serious
خفیف
ملایم
Rigid
ˈrɪdʒɪd
not easily changed
سفت و سخت
Recidivist
rɪˈsɪdəvɪst
someone who continues to commit crimes or behave badly even after being punished
تکرار جرم
Preconceive
ˌprikənˈsivd
preconceived idea or opinion is formed before you have a lot of information, experience, or evidence and is therefore probably wrong
از پیش تصور کردن
Recognition
ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃ(ə)n/
the ability to recognize a person or thing
به رسمیت شناختن
Drowsy
ˈdraʊzi/
feeling that you want to sleep
خواب الود
Metaphor
ˈmetəˌfɔr
a word or phrase that means one thing and is used for referring to another thing in order to emphasize their similar qualities
استعاره
Maize
meɪz
Corn
ذرت
Jury
ˈdʒʊri
a group of people, usually 12, who judge a court case. Members of a jury are ordinary members of the public
هیئت داوران
Apothecary
əˈpɑθəˌkeri
an old word for someone whose job was to prepare and sell medicines
داروساز
Jurisdiction
ˌdʒʊrɪsˈdɪkʃ(ə)n/
the right or power to make legal decisions
صلاحیت قضایی
Deterrence
Deterrent
dɪˈterəns
the idea that people will decide not to do something if they believe that something unpleasant could happen to them as a result
بازدارندگی
بازدارنده
Stellar
ˈstelər
a stellar performance, achievement, piece of work, etc. is extremely good
ستاره ای
درخشان
Ambiguity
ˌæmbɪˈɡjuəti
something that is not clear because it has more than one possible meaning
ابهام
گنگ
Confine
kənˈfaɪn
to force someone to stay in a place and prevent them from leaving
محدود کردن
Lounge
laʊndʒ/
public room in a place such as a hotel, university, or hospital where people can sit and relax
سالن استراحت
Eligible
/ˈelɪdʒəb(ə)l/
allowed by rules or laws to do something or to receive something
واجد شرایط
Arguably
ˈɑrɡjuəbli
used for stating your opinion or belief, especially when you think other people may disagree
قابل بحث
ثابت قدم در طرز فکر
Revelation
revəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/
a surprising piece of information
افشا
Covet
ˈkʌvət
to very much want something that someone else has
طمع
Mudguard
ˈmʌdˌɡɑrd
a piece of metal, plastic, or rubber over or behind a wheel of a vehicle that stops dirt from the road from hitting the vehicle
گل گیر
Donor
ˈdoʊnər
someone who gives blood, sperm, eggs, or a part of their body to be used in the medical treatment of someone else
اهدا کننده
Nonprofit
nɑnˈprɑfɪt
a nonprofit organization has goals that do not include making a profit
غیرانتفاعی
Indebtedness
grateful to someone for their help
بدهکاری
Anaesthetic
ˌænəsˈθetɪk
a drug or gas given to someone before a medical operation to stop them feeling pain. Anesthetics that affect the whole of your body by making you unconscious are called general anesthetics and anesthetics that make you have no feeling in only a part of your body are called local anesthetics
بی حس کننده
Flammable
/ˈflæməb(ə)l/
likely to burn very quickly and easily
قابل اشتعال
Informative
ɪnˈfɔrmətɪv
giving a great deal of information in a helpful way
اموزنده
Monk
mʌŋk
man who lives in a religious community away from other people. Monks live in a building called a monastery
راهب
Quarrel
ˈkwɔrəl
an argument, especially one about something unimportant between people who know each other well
نزاع، دعوا
Cram
/kræm/
to put people or things into a space that is too small
توده
چپاندن
Idyllic
aɪˈdɪlɪk
extremely beautiful and peaceful
بسیار خوب
Boyhood
/ˈbɔɪˌhʊd/
the period or state of being a boy
کودکی
Barely
ˈberli
1 used for saying that something almost does not happen or exist, or is almost not possible
به سختی
Forsake
fərˈseɪk
to leave someone, or to stop helping or taking care of them, when they still need you
رها کردن
Chiefly
Chief
ˈtʃifli
mainly or mostly, but not completely
عمدتا
رئیس
Examine
ɪɡˈzæmɪn
to look at something carefully in order to find out about it or see what it is like
معاینه کردن
Radical
/ˈrædɪk(ə)l/
a radical change or way of doing something is new and very different from the usual way
افراطی
Prescription
prɪˈskrɪpʃ(ə)n/
a piece of paper that a doctor gives you that says what type of medication you need
نسخه
Scrutiny
/ˈskrut(ə)ni
careful examination of someone or something
بررسی مو شکافانه
Tease
tiz
to say something to someone in order to have fun by embarrassing or annoying them slightly in either a friendly or an unkind way
اذیت کردن
Pose
poʊz
to present a difficult or dangerous situation
ژست
Lessen
ˈles(ə)n
to become smaller in amount, level, importance, etc. or make something do this
کاهش دادن
Capillary
ˈkæpɪˌleri
the smallest type of blood vessel, with a wall that is only one cell thick. It carries blood to and from individual cells in your body.
مویرگی
Contraction
kənˈtrækʃ(ə)n/
the process of becoming smaller
اختصار
انقباض
Steadfast
ˈstedˌfæst
not changing your opinions or actions, because you have a strong belief in someone or something
ثابت قدم
Reliant
rɪˈlaɪənt
depending on someone or something
متکی
Embrace
/ɪmˈbreɪs
to completely accept something such as a new belief, idea, or way of life
پذیرفتن
Opponent
əˈpoʊnənt
someone who is competing against you
حریف
Abusively
əˈbjusɪv
using offensive or insulting language
توهین امیز
Diameter
daɪˈæmətər
a straight line that crosses a circle through the center, or the length of this line
قطر
Retrofit
ˈretroʊˌfɪt
to change or improve something such as a machine or a building by adding new parts, equipment, or features to it
مقاوم سازی
Corrosive
kəˈroʊsɪv
corrosive substance contains chemicals that can cause damage
خورنده
Graze
ɡreɪz
to eat grass growing in a field
چراندن
Regurgitation
rɪˈɡɜrdʒɪˌteɪt
to repeat facts or ideas that you have heard or learned without understanding them or thinking about them for yourself
نارسایی
Transcription
trænˈskrɪpʃən
the process of writing something down, especially a conversation or speech
رونویسی
Warn
wɔrn
to make someone conscious of a possible problem or danger so that they will not be hurt
هشدار دادن
Innovator
ˈɪnəˌveɪt
to invent or begin using new ideas, methods, equipment, etc.
مبتکر
Unimpeded
ˌʌnɪmˈpidəd
not interrupted or delayed
بدون مانع
Placebo
pləˈsiboʊ
a substance that is not medicine but that a patient who is taking it believes is medicine, and so they get better
تسکین دهنده
Inferior
ɪnˈfɪriər
not as good as someone or something else
نا مرغوب
Interfere
ˌɪntərˈfɪr
to deliberately become involved in a situation and try to influence the way that it develops, although you have no right to do this
مداخله کردن
Waxy
ˈwæksi
smooth and shiny like wax
پشمی
مومی
Conspiracy
kənˈspɪrəsi/
a secret plan by a group of people to do something bad or illegal, especially in politics
توطئه
Sacrifice
ˈsækrɪˌfaɪs/
to give up something important or valuable so that you or other people can do or have something else
قربانی
Fling
flɪŋ
to throw something carelessly or with a lot of force
پرت کردن
Dean
din
a senior official at a college or university
رئیس
Mortgage
ˈmɔrɡɪdʒ
legal agreement in which you borrow money from a bank in order to buy a house. You pay back your mortgage by making monthly payments
رهن
Complementary
ˌkɑmpləˈment(ə)ri/
Complement
things that are complementary combine well together or look attractive together, often because they have different qualities
مکمل
متمم
Readily
ˈredɪli
easily
به راحتی
Void
vɔɪd
a situation in which something important that is usually present is no longer there
خالی
Infiltration
to secretly join an organization or go into a place in order to find out information about it or damage it
نفوذ
Destructive
dɪˈstrʌktɪv
causing severe damage or harm
مخرب
Governor
ˈɡʌvərnər
an elected official who is the political head of a state in the U.S.
فرمانده
Furthest
ˈfɜrðəst
to a greater degree than anyone else or than ever before
دورترین
Obese
oʊˈbis
too fat, in a way that is dangerous for your health
چاق
Leanلاغر
Boycott
bɔɪkət
to not take part in an event, or to not buy or use something as a protest
تحریم کردن
Urgently
ˈɜrdʒənt
urgent things are things that you need to deal with immediately
فوری
Misinterpret
ˌmɪsɪnˈtɜrprət
to understand or explain something wrongly
سو تعبیر
Crest
krest
the top of a hill or mountain
قله
تاج
Meteorology
ˌmitiəˈrɑlədʒi
the scientific study of weather
هواشناسی
Drizzle
/ˈdrɪz(ə)l/
to rain in a very light way
نم نم باران
Sleet
slit
mixture of snow and rain
برف و باران
Hail
/heɪl/
to say publicly how good or important someone or something is
تگرگ
سلام
Sparked
spɑrk
spark or spark off [TRANSITIVE] MAINLY JOURNALISM to make something happen, especially something involving violence or angry feelings
جرقه زد
Inevitably
ɪnˈevɪtəbli
used for saying that something is certain to happen
به ناچار
Moot
mut
no longer important, because a particular situation has changed or no longer exists
مورد بحث
Undergo
ˌʌndərˈɡoʊ
to experience something, especially something that is unpleasant but necessary
undergo surgery/treatment/an operation
تحت
Escalate
ˈeskəˌleɪt
to become much worse or more serious, or to make something do this
تشدید شود
Hinder
ˈhɪndər
to stop someone or something from making progress or developing
مانع شود
Predate
to exist or happen earlier than someone or something else
قبل از
Outperform
ˌaʊtpərˈfɔrm
to do something better than someone or something else
بهتر عمل کردن
Salient
ˈseɪliənt
a salient fact, issue, or feature is one that is especially noticeable or relevant
برجسته
Incredibly
ɪnˈkredəbli
Extermely
به طور باور نکردنی
Refer
rɪˈfɜr
mention someone or something when you are speaking or writing
مراجعه کردن
Humiliation
/hjuˌmɪliˈeɪʃ(ə)n/
the unhappy and ashamed feeling that you get when something embarrassing happens
حقارت
Scandal
ˈskænd(ə)l/
a situation in which important people behave in a dishonest or immoral way that shocks people
رسوایی
Ran aground
به گل نشست
Archipelago
ˌɑrkɪˈpeləɡoʊ
large group of small islands
مجمع الجزایر
Commensurate
kəˈmenʃərət
intended to be suitable for the quality, status, or value of someone or something
متناسب
Glorify
ˈɡlɔrəˌfaɪ
to make someone or something seem more impressive than they really are
تجلیل کردن
تعریف کردن از
Chivalry
ˈʃɪvəlri
polite and kind behavior by which men show respect to women
جوانمردی
Graveside
ˈɡreɪvˌsaɪd
the area beside a grave where someone is buried
قبر
Trivialize
ˈtrɪviəˌlaɪz
to make something seem less important or serious than it really is
بی اهمیت جلوه دادن
Combat
/ˈkɑmˌbæt/
fighting during a war
مبارزه کردن
Succinctly
səkˈsɪŋkt
expressed in a very short but clear way
به طور مختصر
Utterance
ʌt(ə)rəns
FORMAL a statement
بیان
Toss
/tɔs/
to throw something somewhere gently or in a slightly careless way
پرتاب کردن
Nursery
a place where plants and young trees are grown either for sale or for scientific purposes
مهدکودک
Visualize
ˈvɪʒuəˌlaɪz
to form a picture of someone or something in your mind
تجسم کردن
Plainness
easily seen or understood
ساده بودن
Blackout
ˈblækˌaʊt
a short period when the electricity supply to a building or district is stopped, especially at night
خاموشی
Thrill
θrɪl
sudden feeling of being very excited and pleased
هیجان
Brigade
brɪˈɡeɪd
a large group of soldiers, larger than a battalion
تیپ
تشکیلات
Blaze
bleɪz
to burn strongly and brightly
اتش
Extinguish
ɪkˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ
to make a fire or cigarette stop burning. A more usual word is put out
خاموش کردن
Diffident
ˈdɪfɪdənt
Shy
متفکر
محبوب
Refract
rɪˈfrækt
if a surface such as water or glass refracts light, light travels in a slightly different direction after it hits the surface, so that the surface appears to bend it
شکست
Sediment
ˈsedəmənt
a layer of a substance that forms at the bottom of a liquid
رسوب
Seismic
ˈsaɪzmɪk
relating to earthquakes
لرزه ای
Subtlety
/ˈsʌt(ə)lti/
the quality of being complicated, delicate, or difficult to notice, often in a skillful or attractive way
ظرافت
Ductile
/ˈdʌkt(ə)l/
ductile metals are metals such as copper and aluminum that can be pressed or pulled into different shapes
هادی
Literacy
lɪt(ə)rəsi
the ability to read and write
سواد
Cellar
ˈselər
a room under a building, below the level of the ground, usually used for storing things
انبار
Demolish
dɪˈmɑlɪʃ
to deliberately destroy a building
تخریب
Inception
ɪnˈsepʃ(ə)n/
the beginning of something
شروع
Fret
fret
to worry about something continuously
عصبانی شدن
Desalination
ˌdisælɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n/
the process of removing salt from ocean water so that the water can be used. A desalination plant is a place where this process takes place.
نمک زدایی
Proliferation
prəˌlɪfəˈreɪʃ(ə)n/
a sudden increase in number or amount
افزایش
Bridesmaid
ˈbraɪdzˌmeɪd
a girl or young woman who helps a bride before and during her wedding
ساقدوش عروس
Contender
kənˈtendər
someone who competes with other people for a prize or job
مدعی
Contestant
kənˈtestənt
someone who takes part in a contest
شرکت کننده
Inconsistent
ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənt
containing parts that do not match each other
ناسازگار
Disputable
dɪˈspjutəb(ə)l/
Dispute
not accepted as true or correct by everyone
اختلاف نظر
Entomophangous
حشره خوار
Caterpillar
ˈkætərˌpɪlər
a small long thin insect with many legs that eats plants and develops into a butterfly or moth
کرم ابریشم
Plummet
ˈplʌmɪt
to fall straight down very quickly from a high position
سقوط شدید
Novelty
/ˈnɑv(ə)lti/
something new and unusual
به تازگی
Occupancy
ˈɑkjəpənsi
the use, or the period of use, of a place
تصرف
Crew
/kru/
the people who work on a ship, aircraft, etc.
خدمه
Unveil
ʌnˈveɪl
to announce something officially that was previously a secret
رونمایی
Bidding
ˈbɪdɪŋ
the process of making bids for things, for example at an auction (=an event where things are sold to the person who offers the most money)
مناقصه
Scaffold
ˈskæfəld
a structure consisting of poles and boards on the outside of a building, that people stand on when they are working on the building
داربست
Falter
ˈfɔltər
to stop being effective or making progress
لنگیدن
Inadequacy
Incompetent
ɪnˈædəkwəsi
the failure to be of the quantity or quality needed for a particular purpose
بی کفایتی
Pleasurable
/ˈpleʒ(ə)rəb(ə)l/
giving you a feeling of happiness, enjoyment, or satisfaction
لذت بخش
Pharmaceutical
ˌfɑrməˈsutɪk(ə)l/
relating to the production or sale of medicines and drugs used for treating medical conditions
دارویی
Per
pɜr
used for stating the rate or cost for each unit of time, quantity, distance, etc.
مطابق
Levy
ˈlevi
an amount of money that you have to pay, for example as a tax
وضع مالیات
Preferential
prefəˈrenʃ(ə)l/
giving one person or group an advantage over other
ترجیحی
Adhesion
ədˈhiʒ(ə)n/
the ability of one thing to stick to another
چسبندگی
Claw
klɔ
the sharp curved part at the end of some animals’ toes, for example a cat
پنجه
Merciless
ˈmɜrsɪləs
very cruel
بی رحم
Doom
dum
a bad event, usually death, destruction, or complete failure, that will happen in the future and cannot be avoided
عذاب
Recurring
مکرر
Mist
mɪst
a mass of small drops of water in the air close to the ground
غبار
Vividly
ˈvɪvɪd
having or producing very clear and detailed images in the mind
به وضوح
Apportion
əˈpɔrʃ(ə)n/
to divide something such as payments between two or more people, organizations, etc.
تقسیم
Humorous
ˈhjumərəs
funny
طنز
Disillusionment
ˌdɪsɪˈluʒ(ə)nmənt/
the disappointed feeling you have when you discover that someone or something is not as good as you had believed
سرخوردگی
Enclose
ɪnˈkloʊz
to surround someone or something
محصور کردن
Confluence
ˈkɑnfluəns
a place where two rivers join
تلاقی
Polemic
pəˈlemɪk
a strong statement of opinion, especially negative opinion
بحث و جدل
Snare
sner
piece of equipment used for catching an animal. It consists of a wire or rope that is pulled tightly around the animal.
دام
Stench
stentʃ
a very bad smell, especially of decay
بوی تعفن
Comely
ˈkʌmli
a comely woman or girl is attractive
زیبا
Cynical
ˈsɪnɪk(ə)l/
someone who is cynical believes that people care only about themselves and are not sincere or honest
بدبینانه
Roguery
Rogue
roʊɡ
rogue member of a group does not behave in the same way as its other members and is considered dangerous or likely to cause problems
سرکشی
Denunciation
dɪˌnʌnsiˈeɪʃ(ə)n/
very strong public criticism of someone or something
محکوم کردن
Circumstance
ˈsɜrkəmstəns
a fact or condition that affects a situation
چگونگی
Capricious
kəˈprɪʃəs
suddenly and unexpectedly changing your opinion or behavior without any good reason
دمدمی مزاج
Nauseous
ˈnɔʃəs
feeling as if you want to vomit
حالت تهوع
Ape
eɪp
large monkey without a tail that can stand nearly straight and walk on two feet. Chimpanzees and gorillas are apes
میمون
Lizard
ˈlɪzərd
a small animal with a long tail and rough skin that lives mainly in hot places. A lizard is a type of reptile.
مارمولک
Bribe
braɪb
to give money or presents to someone so that they will help you by doing something dishonest or illegal
رشوه دادن
Laureate
ˈlɔriət
someone who has won a prize for their achievements, especially a Nobel Prize
برنده جایزه
Jostle
ˈdʒɑs(ə)l/
to push against someone because you are trying to move past them in a crowd
تکان دادن
Vociferate
voʊˈsɪfərəs
someone who is vociferous expresses their opinion loudly and with force
بلند صدا زدن
Bark
bɑrk
sound that a dog makes
پارس سگ
Unquestionably
بدون شک
Vigorously
به شدت در..
Nonelresidential
غیرمسکونی
Ethology
اخلاق شناسی
Lattice
ˈlætɪs
a structure consisting of narrow pieces of wood, plastic, metal, etc. crossed over each other with spaces between them
شبکه
Presumably
prɪˈzuməbli/
used for saying that you think something is true based on what you know, although you are not really certain
احتمالا
Savor
ˈseɪvər
to enjoy an experience, activity, or feeling as much as you can and for as long as you can
مزه
Insatiable
ɪnˈseɪʃəb(ə)l/
always wanting more and never feeling satisfied
سیر نشدنی
Firm
fɜrm
solid but not hard
محکم
شرکت
Precursor
prɪˈkɜrsər
something that exists before something else, and is related to it or influences its development
پیش ساز
Reminisce
ˌremɪˈnɪs
to talk, think, or write about enjoyable experiences in your past
یاداوری
Furry
ˈfɜri
covered with fur
خزدار
Foe
foʊ
Enemy
دشمن
Swamp
swɑmp
to give someone too much to deal with at one time
باتلاق
Entrust
ɪnˈtrʌst
to give someone responsibility for an important job or activity
سپردن
واگذار کردن
Renovation
to make something old look new again by repairing and improving it, especially a building
نوسازی
Contention
kənˈtenʃ(ə)n/
an opinion or statement that something is true, especially one made during a discussion or argument
مشاجره
Canteen
kænˈtin
a small container for carrying water when you are walking
سالن غذاخوری
Clinical
/ˈklɪnɪk(ə)l/
involving working with people who are sick, rather than in a laboratory
بالینی
Appropriate
əˈproʊpriət
suitable or right for a particular situation or purpose
مناسب
Bibliography
ˌbɪbliˈɑɡrəfi
list of the books, articles, etc. that someone has used for finding information for a piece of work they have written
کتابشناسی
فهرست کتاب
Thwart
θwɔrt
to prevent someone from doing something that they want to
بی نتیجه کردن
خنثی کردن
Conceit
kənˈsit
conceited attitude or way of behaving
اعتماد به نفس
غرور
Belch
beltʃ
to let air from your stomach come out through your mouth in a noisy way
اروغ زدن
Laden
calorie-laden
/ˈleɪd(ə)n/
carrying something heavy, or supporting the weight of something heavy
مملو
Arena
əˈrinə
a large area that is surrounded by seats, used for sports or entertainment
عرصه
صحنه
Tangy
ˈtæŋi
with a taste or smell that is strong and bitter in a pleasant way
زبانه دار
تند
مزه تند
Minuscule
ˈmɪnəˌskjul
extremely small in size or amount
کوچک
Mule
mjul
an animal that has a horse as its mother and a donkey as its father, and is used for carrying heavy loads
قاطر
Tucker
ˈtʌkər
Food
خوراک
Slur
/slɜr/
a remark that is intended to insult someone or to damage their reputation
توهین
Magnanimousness
بزرگواری
Creature
ˈkritʃər
anything that lives except plants
مخلوق
موجود
Realm
relm
particular area of knowledge, experience, interest, etc.
قلمرو
Terrestrial
təˈrestriəl
existing on the Earth, or happening on the Earth, instead of in the sky or ocean. Things that are from other planets are
زمینی
Holistically
به طور کل نگر
Falsify
ˈfɔlsɪˌfaɪ
to change something deliberately in order to trick people
جعل کردن
Revivify
ˌriˈvɪvɪˌfaɪ
to give new energy to someone or something
احیا کردن
Stomp
stɑmp
to walk making a lot of noise, usually because you are angry
پا زدن
پایکوبی
Siesta
siˈestə
a short period of sleep in the middle of the day
خواب نیمروز
قیلوله
Enlist
ɪnˈlɪst
if someone enlists or is enlisted, they join the military of their country
نام نویسی کردن
کمک طلب کردن
Allot
əˈlɑt
to give someone part of an amount of something that is available, or to decide that something will be used for a specific purpose
اختصاص دادن
Belligerent
bəˈlɪdʒ(ə)rənt
very unfriendly and angry
جنگ طلب
Cohabit
ˌkoʊˈhæbɪt
if two people cohabit, they live together and have a sexual relationship without being married
زندگی مشترک
Annex
ˈæˌneks
to take control of a country or region by force
ضمیمه
پیوست
Deliberation
/dɪˌlɪbəˈreɪʃ(ə)n/
a slow and careful way of speaking or moving
مشورت
Tournament
ˈtɜrnəmənt
series of games in which the winner of each game plays in the next game until there is one player or team left
مسابقات
Introductory
ˌɪntrəˈdʌkt(ə)ri/
providing basic information about a subject, course of study, etc.
مقدماتی
Shade
ʃeɪd
a slightly dark area where the light from the sun does not reach because it is blocked by something
سایه
Peer
pɪer
to look very carefully, especially because something is difficult to see
همسان
همتا
جفت
Equilibrium
ˌekwɪˈlɪbriəm
a situation in which there is a balance between different forces or aspects
تعادل
Ample
ˈæmp(ə)l/
enough, and often more than you need
کافی
Utilitarian
juˌtɪlɪˈteriən
utilitarian attitudes or principles are based on the belief that something is morally right if it helps a majority of people
سودمند
Revive
rɪˈvaɪv
to make someone become conscious or alive again
زنده شدن
احیای
Perspiration
ˌpɜrspəˈreɪʃ(ə)n/
liquid that your skin produces when you are hot, sick, or nervous
تعریق
Vacuity
væˈkjuəti
a lack of clear or serious thought
خلا
Elude
ɪˈlud
if a fact, idea, or word eludes you, you cannot remember or understand it
فرار کردن
طفره رفتن
Bruise
bruz
to cause a mark to appear on someone’s body by hitting or knocking it
کبودی
Creationism
kriˈeɪʃ(ə)nˌɪzəm
the belief that the universe was created exactly as the Bible describes it
خلقت گرایی
Supervision
ˌsupərˈvɪʒ(ə)n/
the process of supervising someone or something
نظارت
Capsize
kæpˈsaɪz
if you capsize a boat, or if it capsizes, it turns upside down or onto its side in the water
واژگون کردن
Volley
ˈvɑli
a lot of questions, insults, etc. all spoken or made at the same time
رگبار
شلیک
Juggle
/ˈdʒʌɡ(ə)l/
to keep objects moving through the air by catching them as they fall and throwing them back into the air
شعبده بازی
Parallel
ˈperəˌlel
lines that are parallel are the same distance apart at every point along their whole length
موازی
Splurged
/splɜrdʒ/
to spend a lot of money, especially on something special as a way of making yourself feel good
ولخرجی کردن
Crustacean
krʌˈsteɪʃ(ə)n
a sea animal such as a crab or a lobster with a hard shell and several pairs of legs
سخت پوستان
Irremediably
غیرقابل جبران
Embed
ɪmˈbed
to fix something firmly in a surface or object
جاسازی کردن
تعبیه شده
Gutless
ˈɡʌtləs
not at all brave or determined
ترسو
Twist
twɪst
to force something out of its original shape by bending it or turning it around
پیچ دادن
Stray
streɪ
to move around without thinking
منحرف شدن
Ferryman
ˈferimən
someone whose job is to operate a ferry
کشتی گیر
Trivium
چیزهای بی اهمیت
Barren
ˈberən
barren land is dry and plants cannot grow there
عقیم
Eavesdrop
ˈivzˌdrɑp
to listen to other people’s conversation without them knowing that you are listening
استراق سمع
Womb
wum
the organ in a woman’s or female animal’s body where a baby grows before it is born
رحم
Trick
trɪk
an unfair or unpleasant thing that you do in order to harm someone or to get an advantage for yourself
فوت و فن
Hook
hʊk
a curved piece of metal or plastic for hanging things on
قلاب
Brash
bræʃ
behaving and talking in a loud and confident way that annoys other people
بی پروا
Unbearable
/ʌnˈberəb(ə)l/
so extreme that you cannot deal with the pain, feeling, etc.
غیرقابل تحمل
Perk
pɜrk
an extra payment or benefit that you get in your job
امتیاز
Wage
weɪdʒ
wage or wages an amount of money that you earn for working, usually according to how many hours or days you work each week or month
حق الزحمه
دستمزد
Pension
/ˈpenʃ(ə)n/
to force someone to stop working and give them a pension
حقوق بازنشستگی
Nourishment
ˈnɜrɪʃmənt
food or the substances in food that are necessary for life, growth, and health
تغذیه
Dune
dun
a hill of sand on a beach or in a desert
تپه
Slam
slæm
to shut a door or a lid with great force so that it makes a loud noise, often because you are angry
ضربه زدن
کوبیدن
Tutorial
tuˈtɔriəl
a book or a computer program that gives instructions on how to do something
اموزش
Refine
rɪˈfaɪn
to remove things from a natural substance in order to make it pure
خالص کردن
Defeat
dɪˈfit
failure to win a competition or to succeed in doing something
شکست
Verbal
/ˈvɜrb(ə)l/
using words, or relating to words
کلامی
Rudder
ˈrʌdər
a flat piece of wood or other material at the back of a boat or airplane that is moved to change the direction of travel
سکان
Port
pɔrt
an area of water where ships stop, including the buildings around it. A harbor is the same thing but smaller and is intended for smaller boats
بندر
Alumni
an alumnus or alumna
فارغ التحصیلان
Therapeutic
ˌθerəˈpjutɪk
helping to treat or cure illness
درمانی
Court
kɔrt
LEGAL a place where trials take place and legal cases are decided, especially in front of a judge and a jury.
دادگاه
Gown
ɡaʊn
a special long dress worn by a woman, often for dancing or other special occasions
لباس شب
روپوش
Confession
kənˈfeʃ(ə)n
a spoken or written statement in which you admit that you have committed a crime
اعتراف
Concealment
the activity of keeping something secret
پنهان کاری
Malice
ˈmælɪs
a strong feeling of wanting to hurt someone or be unkind to them
بدخواهی
کینه توزی
Ballot
ˈbælət
the process of voting secretly to choose a candidate in an election or express an opinion about an issue
ورقه رای
Encampment
ɪnˈkæmpmənt
large group of tents or temporary shelters
اردوگاه
Pavement
ˈpeɪvmənt
the surface of a road
پیاده رو
Euphoric
juˈfɔrɪk
feeling extremely happy, usually for a short time only
سرخوشی
Endurance
ɪnˈdʊrəns
the ability to continue doing something physically difficult or continue dealing with an unpleasant situation for a long time
تحمل
پایداری
Fraught
frɔt
full of problems, difficulties, or things that are confusing
مملو
Squad
skwɑd
a department in a police force that deals with a particular type of crime
تیم
Bulky
ˈbʌlki
too big to be carried or stored easily
حجیم
ضخیف
Dreadfully
ˈdredfəli
Extremely
به طور وحشتناک
Affinity
/əˈfɪnəti/
a natural understanding and sympathy between people
وابستگی
Ovum
ˈoʊvəm
an egg that can grow into a baby inside the body of a woman or a female animal
تخمک
Appose
مخالفت کردن
Tonic
ˈtɑnɪk
a type of carbonated water (=with gas in it) with a bitter taste, often mixed with a strong alcoholic drink, or a glass of this drink
مقوی
نیروبخش
Imperfection
ˌɪmpərˈfekʃən
a fault, or a bad quality
نقص
Rodent
/ˈroʊd(ə)nt/
a type of small animal that has long sharp front teeth, for example a mouse
جونده
Ostrich
ˈɑstrɪtʃ
a large African bird with a long neck and long legs that runs very fast but cannot fly
شتر مرغ
Mould
قالب
Grievance
ˈɡrivəns
a complaint about being treated in an unfair way
شکایت
Sermonize
ˈsɜrməˌnaɪz
to tell someone how to behave in a morally correct way, although they do not want to hear it
موعظه کردن
Agility
چابکی
Insolence
ˈɪnsələns
insolent behavior or remarks
وقاحت
Gracefully
با ظرافت
Monumental
/ˌmɑnjəˈment(ə)l/
used for emphasizing how bad something is
بسیار بزرگ و مهم
Circuitry
ˈsɜrkɪtri
a system of circuits around which an electric current flows
مدار
شدت جریان برق
Consolidate
kənˈsɑlɪˌdeɪt
to combine several small things, especially companies or organizations, into one large unit
تحکیم
تلفیقی
Coherent
koʊˈhɪrənt
a coherent statement is reasonable and sensible
منسجم
Toll
toʊl
the total number of people who have been killed or hurt
عوارض
Impulsion
ɪmˈpʌlʃən
a sudden strong feeling that you must do something
تکانه
Mortem
مرگ
Contraption
/kənˈtræpʃ(ə)n/
a machine or piece of equipment, especially one that looks strange or complicated
ساخت و ساز
Transaction
trænˈzækʃ(ə)n
the action or process of buying or selling something
معامله
Pore
pɔr
one of the very small holes in your skin that sweat can pass through
منافذ
سوراخ ریز
Eon
ˈiən
an extremely long period of time
عصر
Scantily
ˈskæntɪli
in a way that is not enough
به طور ناچیز
Factoid
ˈfækˌtɔɪd
a piece of information that becomes accepted as true because it is repeated very often
واقعی
Stripe
straɪp
a line of one color on a background of a different color
راه راه
Ferocious
fəˈroʊʃəs
violent and able to cause serious damage or injury
وحشی
Corruption
kəˈrʌpʃ(ə)n/
dishonest or illegal behavior by officials or people in positions of power, especially when they accept money in exchange for doing things for someone
فساد
انحراف
Purification
ˌpjʊrɪfəˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/
the process of making something clean by removing dirty or harmful substances from it
تصفیه
پالایش
Tactile
/ˈtækt(ə)l/
concerning the sense of touch
لمسی
Cane
keɪn
the hard light stem of some plants, especially bamboo
عصا
Clown
klaʊn
a performer in a circus who wears funny clothes and makes people laugh by doing silly things
دلقک
Trap
træp
a piece of equipment used for catching animals
تله
Pathogen
ˈpæθədʒən
something such as bacteria or a virus that causes disease
بیماری زا
irteration
تکرار
Bonkers
ˈbɑŋkərz
دلخراش
Crazy
Deforestation
diˌfɔrəˈsteɪʃ(ə)n/
the process of removing the trees from an area of land
جنگل زدایی
Canopy
ˈkænəpi
a cloth cover above something such as a bed or chair
سایبان
Trauma
ˈtrɔmə
a bad experience that makes you feel very upset, afraid, or shocked
ضربه
زخم، اسیب
Descriptive
dɪˈskrɪptɪv
describing something
توصیفی
Reimbursement
ˌriɪmˈbɜrs
to give someone the same amount of money that they have spent, for example on something connected with their work
بازپرداخت
Suicide
ˈsuɪˌsaɪd
the action of deliberately killing yourself
خودکشی
Thread
θred
a long thin fiber used for sewing pieces of cloth together or for weaving
نخ
Spindle
/ˈspɪnd(ə)l/
the part of a spinning wheel that is shaped like a stick and has the new thread spinning round it
دوک
Diminish
/dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/
to become less
کاهش
Arid
ˈerɪd
an arid place is very dry without many plants because of a lack of rain
خشک
بایر
Longevity
lɑnˈdʒevəti
the fact of having a long life or existence
طول عمر
Chalk
tʃɔk
a type of soft white stone
گچ
resurgence
rɪˈsɜrdʒəns
the start of something again that quickly increases in influence, effect, etc.
تجدید حیات
Irreversible
/ˌɪrɪˈvɜrsəb(ə)l/
impossible to change or bring back a previous condition or situation
غیرقابل برگشت
Anomalous
əˈnɑmələs
unusual or unexpected
غیرعادی
Fiscal
ˈfɪsk(ə)l
relating to money and financial matters, especially taxes
مالی
Bigotry
ˈbɪɡətri
the practice of having very strong and unreasonable opinions, especially about politics, race, or religion, and refusing to consider other people’s opinions
تعصب
Burial
ˈberiəl
the process of putting a dead body into a grave in the ground at a funeral
خاکسپاری
Hexagon
ˈheksəˌɡɑn
a geometric shape with six straight sides. Something in the shape of a hexagon is
شش ضلعی
Innocent
ɪnəs(ə)nt
not guilty of a crime
بی گناه
Approve
əˈpruv
to have a positive feeling toward someone or something that you consider to be good or suitable
تایید
Crowned
kraʊn
a circular decoration that a king or queen wears on their head as a symbol of power, often decorated with jewels
تاج گذاری
Treasure
ˈtreʒər
a collection of valuable things, especially jewels or gold and silver objects. In stories, treasure is often stored in a treasure chest (=a large box)
گنج
Curb
kɜrb
the edge of a sidewalk (=path built beside a road) that is closest to the road. The British word is kerb
محدود کردن
Debunk
diˈbʌŋk
to prove that something such as an idea or belief is false and silly
پاک کردن
کم ارزش کردن
Precipitous
prɪˈsɪpɪtəs
very high and steep
سریع
Handout
جزوه
Intergrative
یکپارچه
Invader
ɪnˈveɪdər
a country, army, etc. that uses force to enter another country
حمله کننده
مهاجم
Assault
əˈsɔlt
a physical attack on someone, or the crime of physically attacking someone
حمله
تجاوز
Decrepitude
dɪˈkrepɪˌtud
the state of being old and no longer in good condition or good health
فرسودگی
Terms
مقررات
Outpatient
بیمار سرپایی
Beaker
لیوان
Artery
ˈɑrtəri
one of the tubes in your body that carries blood from your heart to the rest of your body. A tube that returns blood to your heart is called a vein.
شریان
سرخرگ
Coffer
ˈkɑfər
the supply of money that an organization has available to spend
صندوق
Delineate
dɪˈlɪniˌeɪt
to describe something very exactly
ترسیم شده
معین کردن
Trio
ˈtrioʊ
a group of three people or things
Unorthodox
ʌnˈɔrθəˌdɑks
not following the usual rules or beliefs of your religion, society, etc.
غیرمتعارف
Imagery
/ˈɪmɪdʒ(ə)ri/
pictures, photographs, or objects that represent an idea
تصویرسازی
Blindfold
چشم بسته
Impression
ɪmˈpreʃ(ə)n/
the opinion that other people have about you because of the way that you look, speak, or behave
برداشت
احساس
عقیده
گمان
Engender
ɪnˈdʒendər/
to cause a feeling or attitude to exist
به وجود امده
ایجاد شده
Succulent
ˈsʌkjələnt
succulent meat, fruit, etc. is full of juice and tastes good
ابدار
شاداب
Harrowing
ˈheroʊɪŋ
extremely worrying, upsetting, or frightening
دلخراش
Arcane
ɑrˈkeɪn
mysterious and difficult to understand
محرمانه
Tenuous
ˈtenjuəs
weak and likely to change
ضعیف
نازک
Exhilarate
ɪɡˈzɪləˌreɪt
to make someone feel extremely happy, excited, and full of energy
به وجد امدن
Foolproof
ˈfulˌpruf
a foolproof method, plan, or system is so well designed that it cannot go wrong or is certain to succeed
بدون اشتباه
Saliva
səˈlaɪvə
the liquid produced by glands in your mouth
بزاق دهان
Monarch
ˈmɑnərk
king, or a queen
پادشاه
سلطان
Swarm
swɔrm
to go somewhere as part of a large crowd
ازدحام
Progression
/prəˈɡreʃ(ə)n/
gradual change or development
Duller
boring, or not interesting
کسل کننده
Convenience
Comfortable
