First Day(#375-365) Flashcards
conscious
Consciousness
/’kɑnʃəs/
[adj] aware of sth; noticing sth
[adj] able to use your senses and mental powers to understand what is happening
[adj] deliberate or controlled
اگاه، هوشیار
demonstrate
Demonstration
/’demən.streɪt/
[v] to show sth clearly by giving proof or evidence
[v] to show by your actions that you have a particular quality, feeling or opinion
[v] to show and explain how sth works or how to do sth
[v] to take part in a public meeting or march, usually as a protest or to show support for sth
نشان دادن، اثبات کردن
تظاهرات
stimulus
Stimulate
/’stɪmjələs/
[n] something that helps sb/sth to develop better or more quickly
[n] something that produces a reaction in a human, an animal or a plant
محرک
advocate
[v] to support sth publicly
[n] a person who supports or speaks in favour of sb or of a public plan or action
[n] a person who defends sb in court
[n] (in Scotland) a lawyer who has the right to argue cases in higher courts
مدافع
initially
ɪ’nɪʃ(ə)li/
[adv] at the beginning
glimpse
/ɡlɪmps/
[n] a look at sb/sth for a very short time, when you do not see the person or thing completely
[n] a short experience of sth that helps you to understand it
[v] to see sb/sth for a moment, but not very clearly
[v] to start to understand sth
exoplanets
/ˈeksəʊˈplænɪt
This is the first time the technique has been used to decipher the presence of an exoplanet in the complex dynamics of a binary system.
It is the only known “Super-Earth”
swirl
/swɜrl/
[v] to move around quickly in a circle; to make sth do this
[n] the movement of sth that twists and turns in different directions and at different speeds
[n] a pattern or an object that twists in circles
چرخش
dusty
/’dʌsti/
[adj] full of dust; covered with dust
[adj] not bright; dull
گرد و خاک
debris
/də’bri/
[n] pieces of wood, metal, brick, etc. that are left after sth has been destroyed
[n] pieces of material that are not wanted and rubbish/garbage that are left
infrared
.ɪnfrə’red/
[adj] having or using electromagnetic waves which are longer than those of red light in the spectrum , and which cannot be seen
مادون قرمز
commonplace
/’kɑmən.pleɪs/
[adj] done very often, or existing in many places, and therefore not unusual
[n] an event, etc. that happens very often and is not unusual
[n] a remark, etc. that is not new or interesting
عادی
widespread
/ˈwaɪdˌspred/
[adj] existing or happening over a large area or among many people
به طور گسترده
cyberspace
/ˈsaɪbərˌspeɪs/
[n] the imaginary place where electronic messages, etc. exist while they are being sent between computers
فضای مجازی
upon
/ə’pɑn/
[prep] used to emphasize that there is a large number or amount of sth
برفراز
encompass
/ɪn’kʌmpəs/
[v] to include a large number or range of things
[v] to surround or cover sth completely
شامل بودن
malformation
/ˌmælfɔrˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/
[n] a part of the body that is not formed correctly
[n] the state of not being correctly formed
ناهنجاری
malformation of one or both ears
jaw
/dʒɔ/
[n] either of the two bones at the bottom of the face that contain the teeth and move when you talk or eat
[n] the lower part of the face; the lower jaw
فک
misalignment
/ˌmɪsə’laɪnmənt/
The results show that the main bearings can still be in a state of fluid lubrication when the journal misalignment angles are small.
ناهماهنگی
cavity
/ˈkævəti/
[n] a hole or empty space inside sth solid
[n] a hole in a tooth
: “Most dentist fill cavities right away
The gold was hidden in a secret cavity.
cleave
/kliv/
[v] to split or cut sth in two using sth sharp and heavy
[v] to move quickly through sth
[v] to stick close to sth/sb
[v] to continue to believe in or be loyal to sth
شکافتن
Rose’s mouth was dry, her tongue cleaving to the roof of her mouth
the large axe his father used to cleave wood for the fire
skull
/skʌl/
[n] the bone structure that forms the head and surrounds and protects the brain
[n] the head or the brain
جمجمه
drain
/dreɪn/
Drainage
[v] to make sth empty or dry by removing all the liquid from it; to become empty or dry in this way
[v] to make liquid flow away from sth; to flow away
[v] to empty a cup or glass by drinking everything in it
[v] to make sb/sth weaker, poorer, etc. by using up their/its strength, money, etc.
[n] a pipe that carries away dirty water or other liquid waste
اب کشی
we drained the swimming pool
attempt
/ə’tempt/
[n] an act of trying to do sth, especially sth difficult, often with no success
[n] an act of trying to kill sb
[n] an effort to do better than sth, such as a very good performance in sport
[v] to make an effort or try to do sth, especially sth difficult of trying to do sth, especially sth difficult, often with no success
[n] an act of trying to kill sb
[n] an effort to do better than sth, such as a very good performance in sport
[v] to make an effort or try to do sth, especially sth difficult
تلاش
cord
/kɔrd/
[n] strong thick string or thin rope; a piece of this
[n] a piece of wire that is covered with plastic, used for carrying electricity to a piece of equipment
[n] trousers/pants made of corduroy
طناب
dominance
Dominant
The opening of the Barcelona-Madrid line a year ago marked the beginning of the end of airlines’ dominance.
Other companies have even sloppier privacy policies, but Google’s dominance makes it a de facto standard setter.
تسلط
strive
[v] to try very hard to achieve sth
تلاش کردن
principle
/prɪnsəp/
[n] a moral rule or a strong belief that influences your actions
[n] a law, a rule or a theory that sth is based on
[n] a belief that is accepted as a reason for acting or thinking in a particular way
[n] a general or scientific law that explains how sth works or why sth happens
اصول
Reinforce
To make a feeling stronger
تقویت کردن
Reveal
/[re·veal || rɪ’vɪːl
To make sth know to
اشکار ساختن
Revolution
An attempt large number of people to change the goverment
انقلاب
Unremitting
un·re·mit·ting || ‚ʌnrɪ’mɪtɪŋ]
Without any stop, steady,continuous
بی وقفه
Uninspiring
Without motivation, not making people interested or excited
Insinuate
[in·sin·u·ate || ɪn’sɪnjʊeɪt
Point,mention
القا کردن
he was insinuating that I had no self-control
Vast
Extremely larg, wide
وسیع
Penalize
To punish sb for breaking a rule
execute
eksə.kjut
[v] to kill sb, especially as a legal punishment
[v] to do a piece of work, perform a duty, put a plan into action, etc.
[v] to successfully perform a skilful action or movement
[v] to make or produce a work of art
[v] to follow the instructions in a legal document; to make a document legally valid
اجرا کردن، قانونی کردن
disproportionately
ˌdɪsprə’pɔrʃənətlɪ
Ex; Under these circumstances, it was vital to see that no part of the world suffered disproportionately.
به طور نامتناسب
a tax cut would disproportionately benefit the rich
racial
/reɪʃ(ə)l/
[adj] happening or existing between people of different races
[adj] connected with a person’s race
نژادی
ethnic
Ethnicity
eθnɪk
[adj] connected with or belonging to a nation, race or people that shares a cultural tradition
[adj] typical of a country or culture that is very different from modern Western culture and therefore interesting for people in Western countries
[n] a person from an ethnic minority
Ethnicityقومیت
قومی،وابسته به نژاد
leaders of ethnic communities
Bias
bi·as || ‘baɪəs
Prejuidice
تعصب
[V] تبعیض
there was evidence of bias against foreign applicants
Defendant
Defend
Advocate
دفاع
Allege
/ə’ledʒ
Allegiance
To state sth as a fact but without giving proof
ادعا کردن
وفاداری
he alleged that he had been assaulted
execution
eksə’kjuʃ
[n] the act of killing sb, especially as a legal punishment
[n] the act of doing a piece of work, performing a duty, or putting a plan into action
[n] skill in performing or making sth, such as a piece of music or work of art
[n] the act of following the instructions in a legal document, especially those in sb’s will
اعدام
Prosperous
Rich and successful
prosperous middle-class professionals
Sprawl
/sprɔːl
To spread in an untidy way
پراکندگی
the door shot open, sending him sprawling across the pavement
she fell into a sort of luxurious sprawl
the growth of urban sprawl
a sprawl of buildings
Concrete
/kən’kriːt
Made of concrete
بتن, براساس واقعیت نه حدس
ملموس
Vehicle
/ˈviɪk(ə)l/
Transport
Suffocate
ˈsʌfəkeɪt
Die because there is no air and breath
خفه کردن
they suffocated in their sleep
equator
/ɪ’kweɪtər/
Definitions
[n] an imaginary line around the earth at an equal distance from the North and South Poles
استوا
evaporate
/ɪ’væpə.reɪt/
[v] if a liquidevaporates or if sthevaporates it, it changes into a gas, especially steam
[v] to disappear, especially by gradually becoming less and less
تبخیر
cook until most of the liquid has evaporated
Vapor
ˈveɪpə(r)/
Steam
بخار
Distinctive
Specific
Distinct
متمایز
مشخص
a rock band with a distinctive sound
hoot
/hut/
[v] to make a loud noise
[v] if a car hornhoots or youhoot orhoot the horn , the horn makes a loud noise
[v] when an owlhoots , it makes a long calling sound
[n] a short loud laugh or shout
[n] a situation or a person that you find very funny
[n] the loud sound made by the horn of a vehicle
[n] the cry of an owl
Hoots of laughter rose from the audience.
perch
/pɜː(r)tʃ/
[v] to land and stay on a branch, etc.
[v] to sit or to make sb sit on sth, especially on the edge of it
[v] to be placed on the top or the edge of sth
جای نشستن
a herring gull perched on the rails
swoop
/swup/
[v] to fly quickly and suddenly downwards, especially in order to attack sb/sth
[v] to visit or attack sb/sth suddenly and without warning
[n] an act of moving suddenly and quickly through the air in a downward direction, as a bird does
[n] an act of arriving somewhere or attacking sth/sb in a way that is sudden and unexpected
پریدن پرنده
the barn owl can swoop down on a mouse in total darkness
territory
/’terə.tɔri/
[n] land that is under the control of a particular country or ruler
[n] an area that one person, group, animal, etc. considers as their own and defends against others who try to enter it
[n] an area of a town, country, etc. that sb has responsibility for in their work or another activity
[n] a particular type of land
[n] a country or an area that is part of the US, Australia or Canada but is not a state or province
قلمرو، خاک، سرزمین
Invasive
Spreading quickly
حرکت تهاجمی
patients suffering from invasive cancer
the sound of the piano was invasive
minimally invasive surgery
species
/spɪːʃɪːz
Kind
[n] a group into which animals, plants, etc. that are able to breed with each other and produce healthy young are divided, smaller than a genus and identified by a Latin name
گونه
spot
/spɑt/
[n] a small round area that has a different colour or feels different from the surface it is on
[n] a small dirty mark on sth
[n] a small mark or lump on a person’s skin, sometimes with a yellow head to it
[n] a particular area or place
[n] a small amount of sth
[n] a small amount of a liquid
[n] a part of a television, radio, club or theatre show that is given to a particular entertainer or type of entertainment
[n] a position in a competition or an event
[v] to see or notice a person or thing, especially suddenly or when it is not easy to do so
[v] to give your opponent or the other team an advantage
[adj] connected with a system of trading where goods are delivered and paid for immediately after sale
خالدار
ladybirds have black spots on their red wing covers
Breakthrough
Development lead to achievment
پیشرفت
a major breakthrough in DNA research
lift
[v] to raise sb/sth or be raised to a higher position or level
[v] to take hold of sb/sth and move them/it to a different position
[v] to transport people or things by air
[v] to remove or end restrictions
[v] to become or make sb more cheerful
[v] to rise and disappear
[v] to steal sth
[v] to use sb’s ideas or words without asking permission or without saying where they come from
[v] to dig up vegetables or plants from the ground
[v] to make the amount or level of sth greater; to become greater in amount or level
[n] a machine that carries people or goods up and down to different levels in a building or a mine
[n] a free ride in a car, etc. to a place you want to get to
[n] a feeling of being happier or more confident than before
[n] a movement in which sth rises or is lifted up
[n] the upward pressure of air on an aircraft when flying
he lifted his trophy over his head
Veil
/veɪl
[n] a covering of very thin transparent material worn, especially by women, to protect or hide the face, or as part of a hat, etc.
[n] a piece of cloth worn by nuns over the head and shoulders
[n] something that stops you from learning the truth about a situation
[n] a thin layer that stops you from seeing sth
[v] to cover your face with a veil
[v] to cover sth with sth that hides it partly or completely
پوشش دادن
she veiled her face
cloak
//kloʊk/
[n] a type of coat that has no sleeves, fastens at the neck and hangs loosely from the shoulders, worn especially in the past
[n] a thing that hides or covers sb/sth
[v] to cover or hide sth
شنل
she cloaked herself in black
Woe
Troubles and problems that sb has
they had a complicated tale of woe
Encounter
Collision,
رویارویی
deception
/dɪ’sepʃ(ə)n/
Deceit
[n] the act of deliberately making sb believe sth that is not true(= of deceiving them)
[n] a trick intended to make sb believe sth that is not true
فریب
state
/steɪt/
[n] the mental, emotional or physical condition that a person or thing is in
[n] a country considered as an organized political community controlled by one government
[n] an organized political community forming part of a country
[n] the government of a country
[n] the formal ceremonies connected with high levels of government or with kings and queens
[n] the United States of America
[adj] provided or controlled by the government of a country
[adj] connected with the leader of a country attending an official ceremony
[adj] connected with a particular state of a country, especially in the US
[v] to formally write or say sth, especially in a careful and clear way
[v] to fix or announce the details of sth, especially on a written document
حالت
intent
/ɪn’tent/
[adj] showing strong interest and attention
[adj] determined to do sth, especially sth that will harm other people
[adj] giving all your attention to sth
[n] what you intend to do
قصد، نیت
with alarm she realized his intent
deploy
/dɪ’plɔɪ/
[v] to move soldiers or weapons into a position where they are ready for military action
[v] to use sth effectively
استقرار
spare
/sper/
[adj] that is not being used or is not needed at the present time
Extra
یدکی ،اضافی
the wheel’s broken and it would be suicide to go on without a spare
Bedrock
Based
اساس، پایه
honesty is the bedrock of a good relationship
Undermine
To make sb weaker
تضعیف کردن
the flow of water had undermined pillars supporting the roof
assumption
Assume
/əˈsum
n] a belief or feeling that sth is true or that sth will happen, although there is no proof
[n] the act of taking or beginning to have power or responsibility
فرض، حدس
they made certain assumptions about the market
Inscribe
Write
کتیبه کردن
نوشته شده
his name was inscribed on the new silver trophy
Prescribe
Tell sb for use particular medicine
تجویز کردن
Illuminate
illumination
Luminous
Luminosity
To shine lifht on sth
روشن کردن
نورانی
a flash of lightning illuminated the house
Contest
Competition
Disguise
/dɪs’gaɪz/
Change your appearnces that people cannot recognize you
تغییر قیافه
we took elaborate measures to disguise ourselves as locals
Fraction
A small part of sth
کسر، شکستگی
Arise
/əˈraɪz
Happen, to start to exist
به وجود امدن
new difficulties had arisen
anonymous
/ə’nɑnɪməs/
[adj] with a name that is not known or that is not made public
[adj] written, given, made, etc. by sb who does not want their name to be known or made public
ناشناس
dissenter
/dɪˈsentər
[n] a person who does not agree with opinions that are officially or generally accepted
مخالفان
Dissenter Sentence Examples
complacency
[n] a feeling of satisfaction with yourself or with a situation, so that you do not think any change is necessary; the state of being complacent
رضایت از خود
correspond
/kɒrɪ’spɒnd/
[v] to be the same as or match sth
[v] to be similar to or the same as sth else
[v] to write letters to sb and receive letters from them
مطابق بودن
The numbers correspond to points on the map.
Comply
/kəm’plaɪ
To obey a rule
رعایت قوانین
Failure to comply with the regulations will result in prosecution
موافقت کردن
We are unable to comply with your request
Precise
Precisely
/prɪ’saɪs]
Clear and accurate
دقیق
دقیقا
Concise
kən’saɪs
Using few word
مختصر
A concise account of the country’s history
Incursion
/ɪn’kɜrʒn /-‘kɜːʃn
A sudden attack
هجوم
Incursions into enemy territory
Indignity
A situation that make you feel embarrassed
هتک ابرو
بی حرمتی
The indignity of needing financial help
Indication
Indicate
/ɪndɪ’keɪʃ(ə)n/
A remark, point
نشانه
نشان میدهد
The dotted lines indicate text’s margins
Disincline
dɪsɪn’klaɪn
Without motivation
بی میلی
Incline-متمایل شدن
he was inclined to accept the offer
Disintegrate
dɪs’ɪntɪgreɪt
Disinter
To break into small
متلاشی
تجزیه
it has become a relatively easy matter to disintegrate almost any atom
habitat
[n] the place where a particular type of animal or plant is normally found
زیستگاه
agriculture
[n] the science or practice of farming
کشاورزی
conflict
/kən’flɪkt
Conflicting
[n] a situation in which people, groups or countries are involved in a serious disagreement or argument
تعارض
Interact
Communicate
تعامل
Poach
To cook food
شکار غیرقانونی
تجاوز
20 tigers are thought to have been poached from national parks
a breakfast of poached egg and grilled bacon
Squelch
skweltʃ
Stop from growing
خفه کردن
له کردن
property developers tried to squelch public protest
Blench
To teact sth shows you are frightened
رنگ خود را باختن
he blenched and struggled to regain his composure
malnutrition
[n] a poor condition of health caused by a lack of food or a lack of the right type of food
سوتغذیه
nearly 67% of the country’s population suffers from malnutrition
adequate
Adequately
[adj] enough in quantity, or good enough in quality, for a particular purpose or need
کافی
prolong
[v] to make sth last longer
طولانی کردن
an idea that prolonged the life of the engine by many years
substantial
[adj] large in amount, value or importance
قابل توجه
a substantial amount of cash
tissue
[n] a collection of cells that form the different parts of humans, animals and plants
بافت
inflammation is a reaction of living tissue to infection or injury
Eventually
Finally
eventually, after midnight, I arrived at the hotel
Regulate
Control
تنظیم کردن
a hormone that regulates metabolism and organ function
supply
/n] an amount of sth that is provided or available to be used
ذخیره، عرضه
shrink
ʃrɪŋk
[v] to become smaller, especially when washed in water that is too hot; to make clothes, cloth, etc. smaller in this way
کوچک و منفبض
the workforce has shrunk to less than a thousand
I don’t shrink from my responsibilities
Vital
vaɪtl
Necessary, essential
drop
/drɑp
[v] to fall or allow sth to fall by accident
[v] to fall or make sth fall deliberately
رهاکردن، افت، سقوط
chill
/tʃɪl
[n] a feeling of being cold
سرد شدن
there was a chill in the air
Severe
Severity
Extermely bad
شدید
شدت
Proper
Appropriately
Right, appropriate,suitable
مناسب، مخصوص
Deplete
Depletion
To refuce sth
تخلیه
Depleting
reservoirs have been depleted by years of drought
Pellet
pelɪt
a small ball of a substance
Small mental that is fried from gun
گلوله
shotgun pellets
fish food pellets
Deafen
Unable to heard
کر شدن
We were deafened by the explosion
Surpass
To do better than other
پیشی گرفتن
He had surpassed all our expectations.
Irritable
Irritant
Getting annoyed easily
تحریک پذیر
تحریک کردن
به طرز ناراحت کننده ای
Jo was tired, irritable, and depressed
Commutable
kə’mjuːtəbl
Flexible
commutable country homes
Indisputable
ˌɪndɪˈspjutəb(ə)l/
That is true without any denied
بی چون و چرا
fuel
ˈfjuːəl
[n] any material that produces heat or power, usually when it is burnt
سوخت
Establish
Start for creating company
the British established a rich trade with Portugal
forage
ˈfɔrɪdʒ
[v] to search for food
[v] to search for sth, especially using the hands
[n] food for horses and cows
علوفه
People are being forced to forage for food and fuel.
critical
Crisis
[adj] expressing disapproval of sb/sth and saying what you think is bad about them
بحرانی
انتقادی
Reciprocal
Reciprocation
rɪ’sɪprəkl
Mutual
متقابل
He spoke of the necessity for a reciprocal relationship that would be useful for all sides
Eternity
Eternal
Time without end
ابدیت
ابدی
Concur
kən’kɜː
To agree
هم رای بودن
The committee largely concurred with these views.
Obtain
Get,catch
Sustain
Sustainable
Keep, maintain
پایدار
The government should do more to promote sustainable agriculture
Restrain
Stop from doing emotion
مهار کردن خود
Pertain
Depends
Predominance
Predominant
Being greater for overcoming other
غلبه
غالب
a predominance of boys in the class
Appurtenance
ə’pɜːtɪnəns
Thing forms a part of larg
متعلقات
Pierre came to pick them up in the long Mercedes and they piled in with all their bags and appurtenances
cultivate
ˈkʌltɪˌveɪt
[v] to prepare and use land for growing plants or crops
[v] to grow plants or crops
کشت کننده
The land was too rocky to cultivate
Classy
High quality
executive
ɪɡ’zekjətɪv
[n] a person who has an important job as a manager of a company or an organization
اجرایی
cosmetic
kɑz’metɪk
[n] a substance that you put on your face or body to make it more attractive
لوازم ارایشی
The cosmetic industry
We’re making a few cosmetic changes to the house before we sell it
folklore
n] the traditions and stories of a country or community
فرهنگ عامه
Folk=people
concoct
kən’kɑkt
[v] to make sth, especially food or drink, by mixing different things
[v] to invent a story, an excuse, etc.
سرهم کردن
John concocted an elaborate excuse for being late.
regimen
/redʒɪmən
n] a set of rules about food and exercise or medical treatment that you follow in order to stay healthy or to improve your health
پرهیز
رژیم
a regimen of morning stretching exercises
Patients maintain a strict dietary regimen.
Stalk/Stem
Stalked
Part of flower
ساقه
ساقه زدن
celery stalks
Potent
pəʊtənt
Strong
Having a string effect on your body and skin
قوی، نیرومند
thrones were potent symbols of authority
launch
[v] to start an activity, especially an organized one
راه اندازی
Roam
rəʊm
Walk travel
پرسه زدن
tigers once roamed over most of Asia
Prehistoric
Before history exsist
ماقبل تاریخ
Comprise
Part of member
شامل شدن
the country comprises twenty states
Exhibit
To show
Ancestore
A person in your family live a long time
جد
Congregate
Gather, to come in group, collect
جمع شدن
some 4000 demonstrators had congregated at a border point
Brink
Extreme edge
لبه
the brink of the cliffs
grasp
/ɡræsp
v] to take a firm hold of sb/sth
[v] to understand sth completely
فهم
Some people find the idea of relativity difficult to grasp
I grasped his arm firmly and led him away.
she grasped the bottle
chaotic
/keɪ’ɒtɪk
[adj] in a state of complete confusion and lack of order
بینظم
cognition
[n] the process by which knowledge and understanding is developed in the mind
شناخت
Cognitive
the regions of the brain that are responsible for memory and cognition
evolutionary
adj] connected with evolution ; connected with gradual development and change
تکاملی
the evolutionary development of birds
Superficial
Not deeply
سطحی
Even a superficial inspection revealed serious flaws
suspect
[v] to have an idea that sth is probably true or likely to happen, especially sth bad, but without having definite proof
مشکوک
I suspected that there was something wrong with the engine
strike
straɪk
[v] to hit sb/sth hard or with force
[v] to hit sb/sth with your hand or a weapon
نیش زدن، ضربه
She fell heavily, striking her head against the side of the boat
symptom
sɪmptəm
[n] a change in your body or mind that shows that you are not healthy
[n] a sign that sth exists, especially sth bad
علائم
venom
venəm
[n] the poisonous liquid that some snakes, spiders, etc. produce when they bite or sting you
زهر، سم
Venomous زهراگین
Dizziness
Kind of disease
Dizzy
سرگیجه
the medicine can cause dizziness or nausea
collapse
/kə’læps
[v] to fall down or fall in suddenly, often after breaking apart
سقوط فروپاشی، فروریختگی
Thousands of buildings collapsed in the earthquake
profound
adj] very great; felt or experienced very strongly
عمیق
profound feelings of disquiet
agitate
ædʒɪteɪt
[v] to argue strongly for sth you want, especially for changes in a law, in social conditions, etc.
برهم زدن
تحریک کردن
The unions continue to agitate for higher pay
I didn’t want to agitate her by telling her
Sensation
Feeling that you get when sth affect on your body
احساس
I had no sensation of pain whatsoever
Mangrove
Kind of tree
درخت حرا
Subsidy
The money that goverment pay
یارانه
Peculiarity
/pɪ‚kjuːlɪ’ærətɪ/
Strong and unusal feature
Puculiar
خصوصیات عجیب و غریب
Well, we all have our little peculiarities, don’t we?
Patriarchal
/peɪtrɪ’rkl /-‘ɑːkl]/
Ruled or controlled by men
پدرسالاری
a patriarchal society
Sphere
/sfɪr
A solid figure completely round
حوزه، قلمرو
political reforms to match those in the economic sphere
his new wife’s skill in the domestic sphere
Superior
Superiority
Best quality
برتر، مافوق
a superior officer
Extent
Extensively
Extension
How large
وسعت
به طور گسترده
Appendage
Smaller or less important, attachment
they treat Scotland as a mere appendage of England
Rigorous
rɪgərəs
Done carefully with a lot attention
سختگیرانه
the rigorous testing of consumer products
Credible
Credibility
kredəbl
Can be believed or trusted
معتبر
اعتبار
Conduct
/kən’dʌkt
To organize ir do particular activity
هدایت
his conduct of the campaign
Consitution
kɒnstɪ’tjuːʃn
Part of rules
قانون اساسی
Battle
Fight between armies
نبرد
Curtail
kɜː’teɪl
To limit sth
محدود
civil liberties were further curtailed
Infringe
ɪn’frɪndʒ
Infringement
To break a law
تخلف
نقض
I wouldn’t infringe on his privacy
Interlocutor
A person taking part in conversation with you
Interlocutor
Tend
To be likely to di sth
گرایش
Attitude=نگرش
Written language tend to be formal
Incendiary
ɪn’sendɪerɪ
Design to cause fire
اتش زا
Incineration سوزاندن
Municipality
Municipal
/mjuˈnɪsɪp(ə)l/
A town, city
شهرداری
infrastructure
/’ɪnfrə.strʌktʃər/
[n] the basic systems and services that are necessary for a country or an organization to run smoothly, for example buildings, transport and water and power supplies
زیرساخت
astound
/ə’staʊnd
[v] to surprise or shock sb very much
مبهوت
Revitalization
resurgence
rɪ’vaɪtlaɪ’zeɪʃn
Resurgence
تجدیدحیات
Revise;تجدید نظر
disrupt
[v] to make it difficult for sth to continue in the normal way
مختل کردن
Emission
/ɪˈmɪʃ(ə)n/
Publication
انتشار
Adhere
Stick firmly
پایبند
Civilization
/sɪvɪlaɪ’zeɪʃn
Culture
تمدن
Illustrate
ɪlə’streɪʃ
[n] a drawing or picture in a book, magazine, etc. especially one that explains sth
[n] the process of illustrating sth
نشان دادن
Botany
n] the scientific study of plants and their structure
گیاه شناسی
Resilience
Ability that pepole feel better after pleasent
انعطاف پذیر
Omniscience
ɑm’nɪʃns
God
دانایی کل
lustrous
/lʌstrəs/
adj] soft and shining
براق
solely
soʊlli
adv] only; not involving sb/sth else
contemplate
kɑntəm.pleɪt/
v] to think about whether you should do sth, or how you should do sth
[v] to think carefully about and accept the possibility of sth happening
اندیشیدن
svelte
adj] thin and attractive
Humor
Joke
evidence
/evɪdəns
Evident
n] the facts, signs or objects that make you believe that sth is true
[n] the information that is used in court to try to prove sth
شواهد و مدارک
مشهود
mortality
mɔr’tæləti
n] the state of being human and not living for ever
[n] the number of deaths in a particular situation or period of time
مرگ و میر
tie
taɪ
[v] to attach or hold two or more things together using string, rope, etc.; to fasten sb/sth with string, rope, etc.
کروات، روابط
Compel
Force to do, persuade
مجبور کردن
socialize
/soʊʃ(ə)l.aɪ
v] to meet and spend time with people in a friendly way, in order to enjoy yourself
[v] to teach people to behave in ways that are acceptable to their society
اجتماعی کردن
Salutary
Having good effect
مفید
Sanitary
Keeping place clean and healthy
بهداشتی
Solitary
Do alone without ant people
منفرد
Whimsical
Strange
غریب
mythical
Myth
mɪθɪkl
[adj] existing only in ancient myths
اسطوره
designation
dezɪɡ’neɪʃ
n] the action of choosing a person or thing for a particular purpose, or of giving them or it a particular status
تعیین کردن
Originate
origin
To happen or appear
نشات گرفته
منشا
اصل و نصب
Cumbersome
Heavy
Transmit
To send electronic signal
انتقال
Pedagogical
pedə’gɑdʒɪkl
Relating to teaching
اموزشی
Endow
Give a large sum of money, school
وقف کردن
Diverse
Various, a lit of diffrent kind
گوناگون
Struggle
/ˈstrʌɡ(ə)l//
To very hard to do sth
تقلا
Insufficient
Not enough
Suffice-کافی
Astronomy
Astronomer
The scientific study of the sun
ستاره شناسی
Celestial
sɪ’lestjəl
Of the sky or of heaven
اسمانی
Preliminary
prɪ’lɪmɪnərɪ
Happening before
مقدماتی
Trigger
The part of a gun
ماشه
علت یک واکنش بد
Propagate
To spread an idea
رواج دادن
Adolescence
A time when you become adult
بلوغ
Prevalence
Spread
شیوع
Cohort
Group of people who share common feature
گروه
Exacerbate
To make sth worse
تشدید
Witness
A person who sees sth happen and describe for other
شاهد
Flicker
To keep going on and off
سوسو زدن
Grind
To press sth in to a surface
سایبدن، اسیاب کردن، له کردن
ration
ræʃ(ə)n
[n] a fixed amount of food, fuel, etc. that you are officially allowed to have when there is not enough for everyone to have as much as they want, for example during a war
جیره
precede
prɪ’sid
v] to happen before sth or come before sth/sb in order
[v] to go in front of sb
مقدم تر، جلوتر
admonition
ædmə’nɪʃn
[n] a warning to sb about their behaviour
پند، نصیحت
commodity
/kə’mɑdəti/
n] a product or a raw material that can be bought and sold
کالا
quota
kwoʊtə
n] the limited number or amount of people or things that is officially allowed
سهمیه
claimant
Claim
kleɪmənt
n] a person who claims sth because they believe they have a right to it
مدعی
مطالبه
ادعا
Consumption
/kənˈsʌmpʃ(ə)n/
The act of using energy
مصرف
Substitude
Subsitution
Instend of
جایگزین
Exhort
To try hard to do
تشویق
nucleus
nukliəs
n] the part of an atom that contains most of its mass and that carries a positive electric charge
هسته اتم
detector
dɪ’tektər
n] a piece of equipment for discovering the presence of sth, such as metal, smoke, explosives or changes in pressure or temperature
اشکار سازی
Decay
Part of body for ex tooth that damage
پوسیدگی
scuba
ˈskubə
One called for the scuba-equipped men, later to be named the “gamma” , to leave a submerged submarine and attack enemy vessels.
I had never tried scuba diving before,
غواصی
gear
gɪr
[n] machinery in a vehicle that turns engine power (or power on a bicycle) into movement forwards or backwards
دنده
Diversity
daɪ’vɜːsətɪ
Variety
تنوع
Construction
Use for building
ساخت و ساز
abundant
Abound
adj] existing in large quantities; more than enough
فراوان
flourish
[flour·ish |
v] to develop quickly and be successful or common
شکوفا شدن
Finance
fi·nance
Money used to run a bussiness
سرمایهگذاری
دارایی
Optimal
Best choice
بهینه
Venue
/ˈvenˌju
Place for meeting, organize event
محل
Roughly
Rafli/
Not exactly,almost
تقریبا
Rough-خشن
Substance
Material
ماده
Enigma
ɪ’nɪgmə
A person, thing and other that is mysterious, puzzle
معما
Baffle
Confuse sb completely
سردرگم
Fiction
Fictional
A type of literature
داستان
تخیلی
Futile
fu·tile
No chancebto success
بیهوده
Fundamental
Serious and important
اساسی
Cargo
Burden
باربری
Evade
T escape from
طفره رفتن
Cooperate
cooperation
koʊˌɒpəˈreɪʃ(ə)n
Work together for achieve
همکاری کردن، مشارکت کردن
Synthetic
Artificial
ساختگی، مصنوعی
Enhance
To increase
Counsel
Advice by older people
مشاوره
Expense
The money that you spend on sth
هزینهها
Incur
In you incur cost you have to pay
متحمل شده
Degradation
Degrade
/ˌdeɡrəˈdeɪʃ(ə)n/
Situation in which sb lost all respect
تنزل
Tornado
tɔr’neɪdəʊ /tɔː
Violent storm
Confront
Confrontation
Face, appear to be dealt with sb
روبه رو شدن
تقابل
Flock
A group of sheep
گله
pulsate
ˈpʌlˌseɪt
[v] to make strong regular movements or sounds
[v] to be full of excitement or energy
حرکات دست جمعی
shoal
ʃoʊl
[n] a large number of fish swimming together as a group
[n] a small hill of sand just below the surface of the sea
دسته ماهی
predator
predətər
[n] an animal that kills and eats other animals
[n] a person or an organization that uses weaker people for their own advantage
شکارچی
mimic
mimicry
/ˈmɪmɪkri/
[v] to copy the way sb speaks, moves, behaves, etc., especially in order to make other people laugh
[v] to look or behave like sth else
تقلید کردن
investigate
Investigation
/ɪnˈvestɪˌɡeɪt/
[v] to carefully examine the facts of a situation, an event, a crime, etc. to find out the truth about it or how it happened
تحقیق کردن
aim
eɪm
n] the purpose of doing sth; what sb is trying to achieve
[n] the action or skill of pointing a weapon at sb/sth
[v] to try or plan to achieve sth
هدف
eloquent
eləkwənt
adj] able to use language and express your opinions well, especially when you are speaking in public
سخنور
hover
ˈhɒvə(r)/
v] to stay in the air in one place
[v] to wait somewhere, especially near sb, in a shy or uncertain manner
شناور
align
ə’laɪn
to arrange sth in the correct position, or to be in the correct position, in relation to sth else, especially in a straight line
هم تراز
Orbit
Path followed by a planet
مدار
Crucial
/ˈkruʃ(ə)l/
Extermely important
حیاتی
Delicate
Delicacy
Easily damage or broken
شکننده، ظریف
خوراک لذیذ
Intrigue
/ɪnˈtriɡ
Make sb interest and want to know more
جذاب
propellant
Propel
[n] a gas that forces out the contents of an aerosol
محرک، پیشران
سوق دادن
scramble
skræmb
v] to move quickly, especially with difficulty, using your hands to help you
[v] to push, fight or compete with others in order to get or to reach sth
تقلا
Worrisome
That make you worry
نگران کننده
Poise
Calm, good control,situation
متانت، ثابت، وضع،نکهداری
Hobble
To walk difficulty,
مانع پیشروی، لنگ زدن
decarbonize
di’kɑrbəˌnaɪz
Special solvents can be used to decarbonize and desulfurize waste catalysts to replace the high-temperature roasting pretreatment process.
کربن زدایی
sector
sektər
n] a part of an area of activity, especially of a country’s economy
[n] a part of a particular area, especially an area under military control
بخش
Daunt
dɔnt
Make sb feel nervous
دلهره
automaker
n] a company that makes cars
Fad
Sth that people like for short time
مد زودگذر
Restitution
restɪ’tuːʃn
Act giving back sth
جبران
Ordination
The act or ceremony
انتصاب
Protagonist
prəʊ’tægənɪst
The main characters
قهرمان داستان
Corpus
Colloection of written
مجموعه نوشتهها
Attribute
To say or believe sth
صفت، شهرت، جنبه
Stereotype
Fix idea that many people know that often not true in reality
کلیشه
Mariner
/mə’rin
Sailor
دریانورد
marine#دریایی
Drift
/drɪft
Movement from one place to another, of ship or plane,
رانش، جسم شناور
Shed
Small building, to get ride of
دهنه، ریختن برگ
mosquito
məˈskitoʊ
n] a flying insect that bites humans and animals and sucks their blood. One type of mosquito can spread the disease malaria .
پشه
Rampant
Prevalent,
شایع
whack
hwæk
[v] to hit sb/sth very hard
[v] to put sth somewhere without much care
ضربه زدن
boundary
baʊnd(ə)ri
[n] a real or imagined line that marks the limits or edges of sth and separates it from other things or places; a dividing line
مرز
tribe
Tribal
traɪb
n] (in developing countries) a group of people of the same race, and with the same customs, language, religion, etc., living in a particular area and often led by a chief
قبیله
Landlocked
Almost completely surrounded by land
محصور در خشکی
Conjecture
Opinion not base in reality just guess
حدس
Ethic
More principles that is person behaviour
اخلاق
Epic
Long poem about action
حماسه
Conceptualize
[con’cep·tu·al·ize || -laɪz]
Form an idea of sth in your mind
مفهوم سازی
Synthesize
/sɪnθəsɪs/
To combine
ترکیب کردن
Feasible
fɪːzəbl
That is possible
امکان پذیر
Valorization
Valuable
ارزش گذاری
Assess
To make judgement about nature
Calculate tge amount
ارزیابی
Assessment
intensive
Intensity
/ɪnˈtensɪti
[adj] involving a lot of work or activity done in a short time
[adj] extremely thorough; done with a lot of care
متمرکز، شدید
شدت
Practitioner
A person who work profession
متخصص
Petitioner
A person who make formal request
درخواست کننده
Possess
Possession
Have or own
مالک
مالکیت
tremendous
trə’mendəs
adj] very great
[adj] extremely good
فوق العاده
عظیم
Contemptuously
contempt
/kən’tempt/
When you count sb small
تحقیر امیر
تحقیر
slaughter
] the killing of animals for their meat
[n] the cruel killing of large numbers of people at one time, especially in a war
قتل عام
justify
v] to show that sb/sth is right or reasonable
[v] to give an explanation or excuse for sth or for doing sth
حق دادن، توجیه کردن
Spectator
Spectacular
spectate
spekˈtakyələr
n] a person who is watching an event, especially a sports event
تماشاگر
تماشایی، جذاب
تماشا کردن
sophisticate
Sophistication
/səˈfɪstɪkət
[n] a sophisticated person
پیچیده
Abolish
Officially end a law
لغو کردن
Relish
To get great pleasure from sth
رغبت، لذت بردن
Barbarous
barbarism
Extermely cruel
وحشیانه
dropout
/’drɑp.aʊt/
n] a person who leaves school or college before they have finished their studies
ترک تحصیل
Enroll
Enrollment
To arrange for yourself join course
ثبت نام
groundless
[adj] not based on reason or evidence
بی اساس
Considerably
/kənˈsɪd(ə)rəbli/
Much, lot
به طور قابل توجه
Undiagnosed
Dont diagnosed
تشخیص داده نشده
Exposure
Expose
State of being in situation
درمعرض قرار گرفتن
Expedition
Organized journey with special goal
سفر، اردو
Composure
Being calm
خونسردی
Incorporate
ɪnˈkɔrpəˌreɪt
Include sth part of thing
گنجاندن
Linguist
A person who know foreign language
وابسته به زبان خارجی
plethora
n] an amount that is greater than is needed or can be used
مقدار زیاد
Inundate
Cover an area of land with large amount if water
غرق شدن، اب گرفتگی
basement
] a room or rooms in a building, partly or completely below the level of the ground
زیرزمین
Residence
resident
residential
A house
محل سکونت
Intimidate
To frighten sb
ترساندن
Dilapidate
Ruin, destroy
فرسوده
Excessively
Excess
/ˈekˌses/
More than number
اضافی
بیش از حد
Interrogate
Interrogation
ɪnˌterəˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n/
Ask a lot question..
تحقیق، بازجویی
Accumulate
Cumulative
ˈkjumjəˌleɪtɪv
Get more and more in period of time
اندوختن
انباشتن
Venture
‘ventʃə(r)]
Bussiness i risk time
ریسک
Perceive
pər’sɪːv /pə’-
Become aware
درک، اگاه شدن
Suspend
Suspension
/səˈspenʃ(ə)n/
To hang sth from…
تعلیق، معلق کردن
Disperse
To move part and go away
پراکنده کردن
pervasive
pər’veɪsɪv
adj] existing in all parts of a place or thing; spreading gradually to affect all parts of a place or thing
فراگیر
Coalition
kəʊə’lɪʃn
More goverment work together
اتحاد، پیوستگی
Lifeblood
The thing that keeps strong healthy and its necessary
حیاتی
Equivalent
Equal in value, amount
معادل
liberalize
[v] to make sth such as a law or a political or religious system less strict
ازاد کردن، لیبرال کردن
aforementioned
adj] mentioned before, in an earlier sentence
فوق الذکر
Boom
A sudden increase economic
رونق
Excavation
excavate
‘ekskə.veɪt
Build hole specially work machine
حفاری
riverbank
n] the ground at the side of a river
ساحل رودخانه
inevitable
Inevitably
/ɪnˈevɪtəbli
adj] that you cannot avoid or prevent
[adj] so frequent that you always expect it
به ناچار
اجتناب ناپذیر
Phenomenon
Fact event in nature or society
پدیده
velocity
n] the speed of sth in a particular direction
[n] high speed
سرعت
fluvial
fluviəl
adj] connected with rivers
رودخانهای
Constant
Happening all the time or repeatedly
مقدار ثابت
Hypertension
Blood pressure
فشار خون
Cardiovascular
Connected with the heart and blood
قلب عروقی
displacement
n] the act of displacing sb/sth; the process of being displaced
[n] the amount of a liquid moved out of place by sth floating or put in it, especially a ship floating in water
جا به جایی
commissioner
[n] a member of a commission (= an official group of people who are responsible for controlling sth or finding out about sth)
رییس پلیس
refugee
Refuge
refjʊ’dʒɪː
n] a person who has been forced to leave their country or home, because there is a war or for political, religious or social reasons
پناهنده
Uproot
To pull a tree
ریشه کن کردن
Flee
To leave a person quickly,escape
فرار کردن
Livelihood
A means of earning in order to live
امرار معاش
Deposit
A sum of money that is given the first…
سپرده
Shell
Hard part of body for insect
پوسته، صدف
hermit
[n] a person who, usually for religious reasons, lives a very simple life alone and does not meet or talk to other people
گوشه نشین، زاهد
Bulk
The main part of sth
عمده، فله
Accommodate
/əˈkɑməˌdeɪt
Provid enough space,
تطبیق دادن، وقف دادن
venerate
‘venə.reɪt
[v] to have and show a lot of respect for sb/sth, especially sb/sth that is considered to be holy or very important
ارج نهادن، احترام
saint
seɪnt
n] a person that the Christian Church recognizes as being very holy, because of the way they have lived or died
[n] a very good, kind or patient person
قدیس
faith
feɪθ
n] trust in sb’s ability or knowledge; trust that sb/sth will do what has been promised
[n] strong religious belief
ایمان
Occupation
occupy
preoccupy
A job or profession
اشتغال، حرفه
اشغال کردن
مشغول کردن
Desperate
Desperatly
Feeling or showing you have little hope
مستاصل
ناامیدانه
Behalf
Regard
از طرف، بابت
seemingly
ˈsimɪŋli
[adv] in a way that appears to be true but may in fact not be
[adv] according to what you have read or heard، apparently
ظاهرا
Foster
ˈfɑstər
Encourage sth to develop
پرورش دادن
Resonate
To make a deep, clear sound that continues
طنین انداز
neophyte
/’niə.faɪt/
n] a person who has recently started an activity
[n] a person who has recently changed to a new religion
کاراموز
Acquaintance
Acquaint
A person that you know but it isnot close
اشنایی
Attain
Usually after a lot of effort, reach
به دست اوردن
Preface
Introduction
پیشگفتار
frustrate
/’frʌ.streɪt/
v] to make sb feel annoyed or impatient because they cannot do or achieve what they want
[v] to prevent sb from doing sth; to prevent sth from happening or succeeding
نا امید کننده
Supplement
sʌplɪmənt
Thing that is add to sth to improve
مکمل
Colonize
/ˈkɑləˌnaɪz/
Take control of an area that is not own
مستعمره
Banish
Order sb to leave a place
تبعید کردن
Descendant
de’scend·ant
Generation
نسل
chain
/tʃeɪn/
[n] a series of connected metal rings, used for pulling or fastening things; a length of chain used for a particular purpose
[n] a series of connected things or people
زنجیره، رشته، سلسله
destruction
Destructive
dɪ’strʌkʃ
[n] the act of destroying sth; the process of being destroyed
تخریب
مخرب
Jew
dʒu
n] a member of the people and cultural community whose traditional religion is Judaism and who come from the ancient Hebrew people of Israel; a person who believes in and practises Judaism
یهودی
ally
ə’laɪ
n] a country that has agreed to help and support another country, especially in case of a war
[n] a person who helps and supports sb who is in a difficult situation,
متحد، پیوستن
conquest
kɑŋ.kwest
n] the act of taking control of a country, city, etc. by force
[n] an area of land taken by force
[n] a person that sb has persuaded to love them or to have sex with them
پیروزی، فتح
indignation
ˌɪndɪɡˈneʃ(ə)n
[n] a feeling of anger and surprise caused by sth that you think is unfair or unreasonable
خشم
atrocity
ə’trɑsəti
[n] a cruel and violent act, especially in a war
بیرحمی
neutrality
Neutral
nu’træləti
n] the state of not supporting either side in a disagreement, competition or war
بیطرفه
خنثی
trade
treɪd
[n] the activity of buying and selling or of exchanging goods or services between people or countries
[n] a particular type of business
تجارت
declare
Declaration
dɪ’kleə
v] to say sth officially or publicly
[v] to state sth firmly and clearly
[v] to tell the tax authorities how much money you have earned
اعلام کردن، اظهار داشتن
embargo
n] an official order that bans trade with another country
[v] to place an embargo on sth
تحریمها
seizure
siʒər/
n] the use of legal authority to take sth from sb; an amount of sth that is taken in this way
[n] the act of using force to take control of a country, town, etc.
تصرف
arouse
ə’raʊz
v] to make sb have a particular feeling or attitude
[v] to make sb feel sexually excited
[v] to make you feel more active and want to start doing sth
برانگیخته شدن
prejudice
predʒʊdɪs
n] an unreasonable dislike of or preference for a person, group, custom, etc., especially when it is based on their race, religion, sex, etc.
تعصب
acute
adj] very serious or severe
[adj] anacute illness is one that has quickly become severe and dangerous
[adj] very sensitive and well developed
حاد، تند
grant
v] to agree to give sb what they ask for, especially formal or legal permission to do sth
[v] to admit that sth is true, although you may not like or agree
اعطا کردن، تصدیق کردن،
brute
n] a man who treats people in an unkind, cruel way
[n] a large strong animal
[n] a thing which is awkward and unpleasant
[adj] involving
بی رحم
protest
Protester
/prəˈtestər/
n] the expression of strong disagreement with or opposition to sth; a statement or an action that shows this
اعتراض
معترض
loot
[v] to steal things from shops/stores or buildings after a riot , fire, etc.
[n] money and valuable objects taken by soldiers from the enemy after winning a battle
غارت
pillage
pɪlɪdʒ
[v] to steal things from a place or region, especially in a war, using violence
غارت، تاراج
upward
ʌpwərd
adj] pointing towards or facing a higher place
[adj] increasing in amount or price
به طرف بالا
myriad
mɪrɪəd
n] an extremely large number of sth
بی شمار
shallow
adj] not having much distance between the top or surface and the bottom
[adj] not showing serious thought, feelings, etc. about sth
کم عمق، سطحی
remnant
/remnənt/
[n] a part of sth that is left after the other parts have been used, removed, destroyed, etc.
باقی مانده
fertile
Fertility
Fertilizer
adj] that plants grow well in
[adj] that can produce babies, young animals, fruit or new plants
[adj] that produces good results; that encourages activity
بارور، حاصلخیز
کود
arable
adj] connected with growing crops such as wheat
قابل کشت
absorb
Absorption
v] to take in a liquid, gas or other substance from the surface or space around
[v] to make sth smaller become part of sth larger
جذب کردن، اب کشی
جذب
southern
[adj] located in the south or facing south; connected with or typical of the south part of the world or a region
جنوبی
hemisphere
[n] one half of the earth, especially the half above or below the equator
[n] either half of the brain
[n] one half of a sphere (= a round solid object)
نیمکره
fluctuation
Fluctuade
flʌktʃʊ’eɪʃn
The impact of output fluctuation is often magnified. Furthermore, the globalization of supply chain accelerates this reaction.
نوسان
restriction
Restrict
/rɪ’strɪkʃ(ə)n
n] a rule or law that limits what you can do or what can happen
[n] the act of limiting or controlling sb/sth
محدودیت
loch
lɑk
n] a lake or a narrow strip of sea almost surrounded by land
دریاچه
revel
v] to spend time enjoying yourself in a noisy, enthusiastic way
خوشگذرانی
pebble
[n] a smooth, round stone that is found in or near water
سنگ ریزه
enclave
ɑŋ.kleɪv
n] an area of a country or city where the people have a different religion, culture or nationality from those who live in the country or city that surrounds it
محصور
shelter
[n] the fact of having a place to live or stay, considered as a basic human need
[n] protection from rain, danger or attack
پناه
indulge
ɪn’dʌldʒ
v] to allow yourself to have or do sth that you like, especially sth that is considered bad for you
[v] to satisfy a particular desire, interest, etc.
افراطی
delight
n] a feeling of great pleasure
[n] something that gives you great pleasure
خوشحال
prolific
adj] producing many works, etc.
[adj] producing a lot of fruit, flowers, young, etc.
پربار،
periphery
pə’rɪf(ə)ri
n] the outer edge of a particular area
[n] the less important part of sth, for example of a particular activity or of a social or political group
پیرامونی
pour
pɔr
v] to make a liquid or other substance flow from a container in a continuous stream, especially by holding the container at an angle
ریختن
weapon
wepən
n] an object such as a knife, gun, bomb, etc. that is used for fighting or attacking sb
[n] something such as knowledge, words, actions, etc. that can be used to attack or fight
سلاح
Patent
Record the invention
ثبت اختراع
manufacture
Manufacturer
v] to make goods in large quantities, using machinery
[v] to invent a story, an excuse, etc.
[v] to produce a substance
ساخت
سازنده
Cruelty
Cruel
ظلم وستم
Culminate
Culmination
End with a particular result
به حد اعلی رسیدن
Persecution
Persecute
/pɜrsɪ’kjuːʃn /‚pɜː-]:
Tolerate bad behaviour
ازار و اذیت
Promulgate
prɑmlgeɪt
To spread an idea, among many people, announce
اعلام کردن
Discretion
Discrete
Discretionary
The freedom or power to decide
اختیار
گسسته، مجزا
اختیاری
Impose
To introduce a new law
تحمیل کردن
Dispose
To arrange in a particular way, have particular way
انتقال،مرتب کردن
Legitimate
/lɪ’dʒɪtɪmət
For which tgere is fair
مشروع، قانونی
Feeble
/fɪːbl
Very weak
ضعیف
Tedious
/tɪːdɪəs/
Tediously
Lasting and nothing long not intersting
خسته کننده
خسته کننده
Manipulate
To control or influence
دستکاری کردن
Counterproductive
Having the opposite
معکوس
Pioneer
paɪə’nɪr
Aperson who is the first to ..
پیشگام
Vanish
Disappear suddenly
ناپدید شدن
Linger
lɪŋgə(r)]
To continue to exist
معطل
Alliance
ə’laɪəns
Agreement between countries
اتحاد، پیوستگی
Nemesis
Punishment or defeat
دشمن
Deficient
Deficit
/ˈdefəsɪt
Not having enough of sth
دارای کمبود
کمبود
Domestic
/dəˈmestɪk
Inside a particular country
داخلی
Majestic
Impressive because of beauty
باشکوه
Irretrievable
You can never make right
غیرقابل برگشت
Fauna
/ˈfɔnə
All thr animal
جانوران
Leeward
On the side of sth that wind…
بادگیر
Trivial
Not important or serious
بدیهی، جزئی
Stature
Respect for height
قامت
Authentic
/ɔ’θentɪk/
Known to be real
معتبر
Respite
‘respaɪt ,pɪt
A short break
مهلت
Rudeness
Impolite way
بی ادبی
Caress
kə’res
To touch sb
بی ادبی
نوازش
دلجویی
Inquire
Ask, question
جویا شدن
Defile
To make sth dirty
الوده کردن
Royalty
Sum of money
حق امتیاز
Provisional
Temporary
موقت
Confidentiality
Expect keep information
محرمانه بودن
Slightly
/slaɪtli/
A little
اندکی
Saturate
Saturation
sætʃəreɪt
To make sth completely wet
اشباع کردن
Deviation
diːvɪ’eɪʃn
Tha act moving away
انحراف
Abjure
əb’dʒʊə
To promise give up or reject a belief
چشم پوشی کردن
Obfuscate
/ɑbfʌskeɪt /’ɒb-]
To make sth less clear
مبهم
Anticipate
æn’tɪsɪpeɪt
To expect sth
پیشبینی کردن
Sequestrate
sɪ’kwestreɪt
To take control of sb property
توقیف کردن
Proficiency
Skill
مهارت
Represent
Representative
ˌreprɪˈzentətɪv
Member of a group
نمایندگی
نشان دادن
Barrier
/bærɪə
Object like a fence that prevent people
مانع
stake
Stakeholder
/steɪk
n] a wooden or metal post that is pointed at one end and pushed into the ground in order to support sth, mark a particular place, etc.
سهام
ذینفع
merely
Mere
mɪrli
adv] used meaning ‘only’ or ‘simply’ to emphasize a fact or sth that you are saying
صرفا
محض
paraphernalia
pærəfər’neɪlɪə
[n] a large number of objects or personal possessions, especially the equipment that you need for a particular activity
لوازم جانبی
Influx
ˈɪnˌflʌks
Act of a lot of people
هجوم
Glitter
Shine brightly with flashes
زرق و برق
Flutter
Move lightly and quickly
بال بال زدن
Loiter
‘lɔɪtə(r)]
Stand or wait with no obvious reason
سرگردان
Jitter
Feeling anxious
پریشان
moral
Morality
/məˈræləti
adj] concerned with principles of right and wrong behaviour
[adj] based on your own sense of what is right and fair, not on legal rights or duties
اخلاقی
condemnation
[n] an expression of very strong disapproval
سرزنش، محکومیت
Gleam
/glɪːm
Shine with a pale
سوسو زدن
suspicion
n] a feeling that sb has done sth wrong, illegal or dishonest, even though you have no proof
[n] a feeling or belief that sth is true, even though you have no proof
سو ظن
Bear
To be able to accept and deal with stg unpleasant, tolerate
تحمل کردن
weary
wɪrɪ
adj] very tired, especially after you have been working hard or doing sth for a long time
خسته
amply
/æmplɪ
A lot
فراوان
beneath
bɪ’niːθ
prep] in or to a lower position than sb/sth; under sb/sth
[prep] not good enough for sb
در زیر
Pernicious
pər’nɪʃəs /pə-]
Having a very harmful effect
مخرب
poignant
ˈpɔɪnjənt
adj] having a strong effect on your feelings, especially in a way that makes you feel sad
مخرب
mock
/mɑk/
v] to laugh at sb/sth in an unkind way, especially by copying what they say or do
[v] to show no respect for sth
[adj] not sincere
مسخره کردن
perseverance
Persevere
ˌpɜrsəˈvɪrəns
[n] the quality of continuing to try to achieve a particular aim despite difficulties
استقامت
Erosion
When the soil came down
فرسایش
Speck
/Spek/
Small spot
لکه، خال
Provision
The act of supplying sb
تدارکات
Gauge
geɪdʒ
An instrument for measuring the amout or level
پیمانه
Simultaneously
Together
همزمان
Indeed
ɪn’dɪːd
Use to emphasize
درواقع
Rational
ræʃə’næl
The principles which explain decision
بنیاد و پایه
منطق
Unparalleled
Used to emphasize
بی نظیر
Triumph
traɪəmf
A great success
پیروزی
Intense
Intensity
Very great
شدید، قوی
Meteorite
mːɪtɪəraɪt
A piece of rock
شهاب سنگ
Emit
To send out sth such as light
بیرون ریختن
Faeces
fɪːsɪːz
Solid waste material leave the body
مدفوع
Aggressive
Angry
خشونت امیز
Subconsciously
subconscious
/sʌb’kɑnʃəs/
Act that…
ناخوداگاه
strain
/streɪn
n] pressure on sb/sth because they have too much to do or manage, or sth very difficult to deal with; the problems, worry or anxiety that this produces
[n] the pressure that is put on sth
زور، کشش، نژاد، تقلا
relief
n] the feeling of happiness that you have when sth unpleasant stops or does not happen
[n] the act of removing or reducing pain, anxiety, etc.
تسکین
toil
/tɔɪl
v] to work very hard and/or for a long time, usually doing hard physical work
[v] to move slowly and with difficulty
زحمت کشیدن
dud
n] a thing that is useless, especially because it does not work correctly
[n] clothes
[adj] useless; that does not work correctly
هرچیز خراب،
filament
fɪləmənt
[n] a thin wire in a light bulb that produces light when electricity is passed through it
[n] a long thin piece of sth that looks like a thread
رشته، تار
fracture
n] a break in a bone or other hard material
[n] the fact of sth breaking, especially a bone
[v] to break or crack; to make sth break or crack
شکستگی
Rear
Rearward
Back, behind
عقب
iceberg
n] an extremely large mass of ice floating in the sea
کوه یخ
trickle
v] to flow, or to make sth flow, slowly in a thin stream
[v] to go, or to make sth go, somewhere slowly or gradually
[n] a small amount of liquid, flowing slowly
[n] a small amount or number of sth, coming or going slowly
چکه
crack
v] to break without dividing into separate parts; to break sth in this way
[v] to break open or into pieces; to break sth in this way
ترک
chunk
n] a thick solid piece that has been cut or broken off sth
[n] a fairly large amount of sth
تکه
sink
v] to go down below the surface or towards the bottom of a liquid or soft substance
[v] to damage a boat or ship so that it goes below the surface of the sea, etc.
Past:: sank
فرو رفتن
subordinate
[adj] having less power or authority than sb else in a group or an organization
[adj] less important than sth else
تابع، وابسته
broom
/brum/
[n] a brush on the end of a long handle, used for sweeping floors
[n] a wild bush with small yellow flowers
جارو
janitor
Person who keep building
سرایدار
hesitate
hezɪteɪt
v] to be slow to speak or act because you feel uncertain or nervous
[v] to be worried about doing sth, especially because you are not sure that it is right or
تردید کردن
thus
ðʌs
adv] in this way; like this
[adv] as a result of sth just mentioned
بدین ترتیب
hostility
Hostile
n] unfriendly or aggressive feelings or behaviour
[n] strong and angry opposition towards an idea, a plan or a situation
[n] acts of fighting in a war
خصومت
infant
n] a baby or very young child
[n] a child at school between the ages of four and seven
[adj] designed to be used by infants
[adj] new and not yet developed
نوزاد
neurological
[adj] relating to nerves or to the science of neurology
عصبی
evaluate
/ɪˈvæljuˌeɪt
v] to think about sth again, especially in order to form a new opinion about it
ارزیابی، سنجیدن
surround
/səˈraʊnd/
v] to be all around sth/sb
[v] to move into position all around sb/sth, especially so as to prevent them from escaping; to move sb/sth into position in this way
احاطه، کاور
clarity
n] the quality of being expressed clearly
[n] the ability to think about or understand sth clearly
وضوح
rebuttal
rɪ’bʌtl
When sth become reject
رد کردن
straightforward
adj] easy to do or to understand; not complicated
[adj] honest and open; not trying to trick sb or hide sth
سر راست
promoted
/prə’moʊt/
v] to help sth to happen or develop
[v] to help sell a product, service, etc. or make it more popular by advertising it or offering it at a special price
ترویج
testament
n] a thing that shows that sth else exists or is true
وصیت نامه
unravel
/ʌnˈræv(ə)l/
v] if youunravel threads that are twisted, woven or knitted, or if theyunravel , they become separated
[v] to start to fail or no longer stay together as a whole
باز کردن، حل کردن
fellow
[n] a way of referring to a man or boy
[n] a person that you work with or that is like you; a thing that is similar to the one mentioned
مرد، همکار
entice
[v] to persuade sb/sth to go somewhere or to do sth, usually by offering them sth
فریب دادن
peek
v] to look at sth quickly and secretly because you should not be looking at it
[v] to be just visible
زیرچشمی نگاه کردن
manuscript
[n] a copy of a book, piece of music, etc. before it has been printed
[n] a very old book or document that was written by hand before printing was invented
نسخه خطی
ultimate
Ultimately
adj] happening at the end of a long process
[adj] most extreme; best, worst, greatest, most important, etc.
نهایی
درنهایت
five-fold
When use for more than one
پنج برابر
proportion
/prəˈpɔrʃ(ə)n/
n] a part or share of a whole
[n] the relationship of one thing to another in size, amount, etc.
تناسب، قسمت
Aggravate
To make an illness or bad situation worse
تشدید
Alleviate
ə’liːvɪeɪt]
To make sth less severe
تخفیف دادن
تسکین دادن
Agglomerate
ə’glɒməreɪt
Mass or collection of thing
متراکم کردن، جمع شدن
Broadly
Generally
به طور گسترده
Grandly
A larg way
بزرگ
Depose
dɪ’pəʊz
To remove sb
خلع کردن، عزل کردن
Rescind
rɪ’sɪnd
State that a law
لغو کردن،فسخ کردن
Traverse
Cross an area
پیمودن، گذشتن از
Modify
Modification
/ˌmɑdɪfɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/
To change sth
تغییر، اصلاح کردن
Ratio
Relationship between
نسبت
Devise
/dɪˈvaɪz
To invent sth new or new way of doing
تدبیر، درست کردن,تعبیه کردن، اختراع
Ensure
To make sure that sth happen
اطمینان حاصل شود
Assure
To tell sb that is definitly true
اطمینان دادن
Ensue
To happen after
به دنبال داشته باشد، بعدامدن
Sedentary
You spend a lot of time sitting down
غیر متحرک، نشسته
Resurface
To put a new surface on a road
دوباره ظاهر شدن
Resuscitate
rɪ’sʌsɪteɪt
To make sh start breathing again
احیا کنند، زنده کردن
Maladjusted
mælə’dʒʌstɪd
Having mental and emotional problem
ناسازگار
Increment
Regular increase
افزایش
Abatement
Decrease
کاهش
Resentment
Feeling of anger
رنجش
Sue
suː
Sued
To make a claim…
شکایت کردن
Pursue
Pursuit
To do sth or try to achieve
دنبال کردن
دستیابی
Illusive
Illusion
/ɪˈluʒ(ə)n/
Not real although
توهم امیز
توهم
Reclusive
rɪ’kluːsɪv
A person that isnot sociable
منزوی
Conclusive
Providing sth no doubt
قطعی
Fade
To become less bright
محو شدن
Fade away
Decline
A continuous decrease
کاهش یافتن
Soar
To rise quickly,
اوج گرفتن
Rocket
A kind of tools
موشک
Fascination
Fascinate
A very strong attractive
شیفتگی
جذب کردن
Composition
A piece of music.., the act of composing
ترکیب بندی
Authenticity
The quality of being genuine
اعتبار
Meanwhile
While sth else is happening
در ضمن
Magnitude
The degree which a star is bright
اندازه
Strip
To take of all your clothes
محروم کردن از، برهنه کردن
Retribution
/[ret·ri·bu·tion || ‚retrɪ’bjuːʃn
Severe punishment
قصاص، مجازات
Swallow
Make food without chewing
بلع
Supernova
Star that suddenly become much brighter
Throughout
Every part
در سراسر
Dynasty
ˈdaɪnəsti
A serious of rules
سلسله
Aspect
æspekt/
A particular part
جنبه
Acquire
ə’kwaɪə
To gain sth
به دست اوردن
Provoke
To cause particular reaction
تحریک، دامن زدن، برانگیختن
Plantation
Large area
مزرعه
Dense
Density
Containing a lot of people
متراکم
Nightmare
A dream that is very frightening
کابوس
United
Join together
متحد
Plausible
/ˈplɔzəb(ə)l/
Reasonable and likely to be true
پذیرفتنی، محتمل
Contagious
kənˈteɪdʒəs
Disease spread by people
مسری
Attune
/at·tune || ə’tjuːn]
Adapt
هماهنگ
Empathy
Ability to undrestand
یکدلی
تلقین
Merchant
/mer·chant || ‘mɜrtʃənt /’mɜː-]
A person who buy and sell
تاجر
Nonetheless
/ˌnʌnðəˈles
Despite this fact
با این وجود
Vessel
Big ship
Affection
/af’fec·tion || -kʃn]
Feeling of liking
محبت
narrative
/nerətɪv/
n] a description of events, especially in a novel
[n] the act, process or skill of telling a story
روایت
Guilt
/gɪlt/
Unhappy feelings by knowing have done
احساس گناه
prosecution
prɑsɪ’kjuʃ(n
[n] the process of trying to prove in court that sb is guilty of a crime(= of prosecuting them) ; the process of being officially charged with a crime in court
پیگرد قانونی
Seek
Si:k
P.p sought
Look for sth
p.p: sought
به دنبال
Tyranny
/Tireni/
Unfair or cruel
ستم
Inward
/in·ward || ‘ɪnwə(r)d
Inside your mind
درون
Commitment
commit
/com’mit·ment || -mənt/
Promist to do
تعهد
enrolment
ɪn’roʊlmənt
[n] the act of officially joining a course, school, etc.; the number of
ثبت نام
maternal
mə’tɜrn(ə)l
adj] having feelings that are typical of a caring mother towards a child
مادری
untangle
ʌn’tæŋɡ(ə)l/
v] to undo string, hair, wire, etc. that has become twisted or has knots in it
[v] to make sth that is complicated or confusing easier to deal with or understand
گره گشایی، حل کردن مشکل
revenue
revənju
n] the money that a government receives from taxes or that an organization, etc. receives from its business
درامد
insurance
ɪn’ʃʊrəns
n] an arrangement with a company in which you pay them regular amounts of money and they agree to pay the costs, for example, if you die or are ill/sick, or if you
بیمه
Champion
A person who won a competition
قهرمان
Pests
Kind of insect
افت
Pillar
/pil·lar || ‘pɪlə(r)]
A larg stone
ستون
genre
ʒɑnrə
n] a particular type or style of literature, art, film or music that you can recognize because of its special features
ژانر، دسته
extraordinary
ɪk’strɔrd(ə)n.eri/
[adj] unexpected, surprising or strange
[adj] not normal or ordinary; greater or better than usual
خارق العااده
Groundbreaking
Using new method
پیشگامانه
Reign
/reɪn
Period during which a king
سلطنت کنند
Contaminate
/con’tam·i·nate || -neɪt]
Make a substance dirty
الوده کردن
Purge
pɜrdʒ /pɜː-]
Remove people
پاکسازی
Assassin
as·sas·sin || ə’sæsɪn]
A person who kiled sb
قاتل
Parole
pa·role || pə’rəʊl
Permission that give freedom to sb
ازادی مشروط
Toddler
/tod·dler || ‘tɑdlə(r) /’tɒd-]
A kid that walking now
کودک نوپا
Remorse
/re·morse || rɪ’mɔrs /-‘mɔːs/
Feeling sorry
پشیمانی
Deprivation
/dep·ri·va·tion/
The fact of not having sth
محرومیت
Onslaught
[‘ɑnslɔːt /’ɒn-/
A strong attack
حمله
Tribute
/trib·ute /
An act for respect
احترام
Scatter
scat·ter
To throw things in different
پراکنده کردن
reenactment
/rɪːɪ’næktmənt
It later emerged that the arrest seen by the public was in fact a reenactment stage by the police for the news media
اجرا یا نمایش مجدد
partly
/pɑrtli/
adv] to some extent; not completely
تا حدی، نسبتا
leisure
/leʒər
n] time that is spent doing what you enjoy when you are not working or studying
اوقات فراغت
assert
Assertive
Assertion
/ə’sɜrt/
v] to state clearly and firmly that sth is true
[v] to behave in a confident and determined way so that other people pay attention to your opinions
ادعا کردن، اثبات کردن
اظهار کننده
battlefield
/ˈbæt(ə)lˌfild/
n] a place where a battle is being fought or has been fought
[n] a subject that people feel strongly about and argue about
میدان جنگ
purport
pɜrpɔrt/
v] to claim to be sth or to have done sth, when this may not be true
[n] the general meaning of sth
ادعا کردن، مدعی،مفهوم
confederate
/kən’fedərət
n] a person who helps sb, especially to do sth illegal or secret
[adj] belonging to a confederacy
هم پیمان، کنفدراسیون
apparatus
/æpə’reɪtəs
n] the tools or other pieces of equipment that are needed for a particular activity or task
[n] the structure of a system or an organization, particularly that of a political party or a government
دستگاه، ابزار
genuine
/dʒenjuɪn
ˈjenyo͞oən
[adj] real; exactly what it appears to be; not artificial
[adj] sincere and honest; that can be trusted
واقعی، اصل، خالص
approximate
/ap·prox·i·mate || ə’prɒksɪmət]
[adj] almost correct or accurate, but not completely so
[v] to be similar or close to sth in nature, quality, amount, etc., but not exactly the same
تقریبی، تقریب زدن
edible
/edəb(ə)l
adj] fit or suitable to be eaten; not poisonous
خوراکی، خوردنی
crystallize
/ˈkristəˌlīz
[v] to become clear and fixed; to make thoughts, beliefs, etc. clear and fixed
[v] to form or make sth form into crystals
متبلور شدن
receptor
/rɪ’septər
[n] a sense organ or nerve ending in the body that reacts to changes such as heat or cold and makes the body react in a particular way
گیرنده، پذیرایی کننده
perception
/pər’sepʃən
n] the way you notice things, especially with the senses
[n] the ability to understand the true nature of sth
ادراک، حس
stride
/straɪd/
v] to walk with long steps in a particular direction
[n] one long step; the distance covered by a step
گامهای بلند برداشتن
lump
/lʌmp
n] a piece of sth hard or solid, usually without a particular shape
[n] a swelling under the skin, sometimes a sign of serious illness
توده
morsel
/ˈmɒrs(ə)l/
[n] a small amount or a piece of sth, especially food
لقمه، تکه
scorch
/skɔrtʃ/
[v] to burn and slightly damage a surface by making it too hot; to be slightly burned by heat
سوزاندن، تاول
evolve
/ɪ’vɑlv/
v] to develop gradually, especially from a simple to a more complicated form; to develop sth in this way
[v] to develop over time, often many generations, into forms that are better adapted to survive changes in their environment
تکامل یافتن
tempt
v] to attract sb or make sb want to do or have sth, even if they know it is wrong
[v] to persuade or try to persuade sb to do sth that you want them to do, for example by offering them sth
وسوسه کردن، اغوا کردن
behold
Beholder
bɪ’hoʊld/
[v] to look at or see sb/sth
ببین، مشاهده کردن
مخاطب
extraneous
/ɪk’streɪniəs/
[adj] not directly connected with the particular situation you are in or the subject you are dealing with
فرعی، خارجی
disarm
/dɪs’ɑrm/
v] to take a weapon or weapons away from sb
[v] to reduce the size of an army or to give up some or all weapons, especially nuclear weapons
خلع سلاح کردن،
grin
/ɡrɪn/
v] to smile widely
[n] a wide smile
پوزخند
facetious
/fə’siʃəs/
[adj] trying to appear amusing and intelligent at a time when other people do not think it is appropriate, and when it would be better to be serious
ظاهری، شوخ، شوخی بی جا
inspiration
Inspire
/ɪnspɪ’reɪʃ
n] the process that takes place when sb sees or hears sth that causes them to have exciting new ideas or makes them want to create sth, especially in art, music or literature
الهام گرفتن، تشویق
الهام بخشیدن
dwell
/dwel/
v] to live somewhere
ساکن بودن
occasion
Occasionally
ə’keɪʒ(ə)n/
n] a particular time when sth happens
[n] a special event, ceremony or celebration
[n] a suitable time for sth
فرصت، مناسبت، زمان مشخص
گاه و بیگاه
gratify
/’ɡrætɪ.faɪ/
v] to please or satisfy sb
[v] to satisfy a wish, need, etc.
خشنود و راضی کردن
palate
/pælət/
n] the top part of the inside of the mouth
[n] the ability to recognize and/or enjoy good food and drink
کام، زائقه
acknowledge
/ək’nɒlɪdʒ/
v] to accept that sth is true
[v] to accept that sb/sth has a particular authority or status
[v] to tell sb that you have received sth that they sent to you
تصدیق کردن
cast
/kæst/
v] to look, smile, etc. in a particular direction
[v] to make light, a shadow, etc. appear in a particular place
قالب
distant
/dɪstənt/
adj] far away in space or time
[adj] not like sth else
[adj] related to you but not closely
غیرصمیمی، دور
seamless
/ˈsimləs/
adj] without a seam
[adj] with no spaces or pauses between one part and the next
بدون درز
frontier
/frʌn’tɪr/
n] a line that separates two countries, etc.; the land near this line
[n] the edge of land where people live and have built towns, beyond which the country is wild and unknown,
مرز، خط فاصل
initiative
Initiate
/ɪ’nɪʃətɪv/
n] a new plan for dealing with a particular problem or for achieving a particular purpose
[n] the ability to decide and act on your own without waiting for sb to tell you what to do
ابتکارعمل، پیش قدمی
sustainably
All thing is stable
پایدار
footprint
n] a mark left on a surface by a person’s foot or shoe or by an animal’s foot
ردپای
smoothie
/smuði/
n] a man who dresses well and talks very politely and confidently but who is often not honest or sincere
ادم چرب زبان، مبادی اداب
expertise
/ekspər’tiz/
n] expert knowledge or skill in a particular subject, activity or job
تخصص و تجربه
acquisition
/ækwɪ’zɪʃ/
n] the act of getting sth, especially knowledge, a skill, etc.
[n] something that sb buys to add to what they already own, usually sth valuable
تحصیل، مالکیت
attainment
/ə’teɪnmənt/
[n] something that you achieved
[n] success in achieving sth
حصول، دستیابی
presence
/prezəns/
n] the fact of being in a particular place
[n] the fact of being in a particular place or thing
حضور
absence
/æbsəns/
n] the fact of sb being away from a place where they are usually expected to be; the occasion or period of time when sb is away
غیبت
inborn
/ɪn’bɔrn/
adj] aninborn quality is one that you are born with
ذاتی
innate
/ˌiˈneɪt/
[adj] that you have when you are born
ذاتی
margin
/mɑrdʒɪn/
n] the empty space at the side of a written or printed page
[n] the amount of time, or number of votes, etc. by which sb wins sth
لبه، حاشیه
rationality
Use by mind
عقلانیت
dogma
/dɔɡmə/
n] a belief or set of beliefs held by a group or organization, which others are expected to accept without argument
عقیده تعصب امیز
jargon
/dʒɑ:gən/
n] words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group of people, and are difficult for others to understand
اصطلاحات تخصصی
tend
v] to be likely to do sth or to happen in a particular way because this is what often or usually happens
تمایل
transit
/trænsɪt/
[n] the process of being moved or carried from one place to another
[n] the act of going through a place on the way to somewhere else
عبور، انتقال
acoustics
/ə’kustɪks/
n] the shape, design, etc. of a room or theatre that make it good or bad for carrying sound
[n] the scientific study of sound
صوت شناسی، اکوستیک
prominence
Prominent
/prɑmɪnəns/
n] the state of being important, well known or noticeable
برجستگی
برجسته
intimate
/ɪntɪmət
adj] having a close and friendly relationship
[adj] private and personal, often in a sexual way
صمیمی
Spectacles
/spektəkl
Glasses
عینک
تماشایی
Exclusive
ɪk’skluːsɪv]
Only to be used bye one
انحصاری
Erroneous
ɪ’rəʊnjəs
Not correct
اشتباه
Smirk
[smɜrk /smɜːk
Smile in a silly
پوزخند
Vehement
vɪəmənt
Showing very strong
به شدت
Deity
diːɪtɪ]
A god ir goddness
خدایی
Spoil
Spoilage
Change good to bad
از بین بردن
Slot
A long narrow opening
شکاف
Prior
/praɪə(r
Happening before ..
قبل
Distribute
To give thing to large people
توزیع کردن، پخش کردن
Toolkit
A set of tools
ابزار
Fledgling
fledʒlɪŋ]
A young girl
نوپا
Spawn
To lay eggs
تخم ریزی
Arch
A curved structure
قوس، طاق
Vet
Doctor of animal
دامپزشک
Vulnerable
/’vʌln(ə)rəb(ə)l/
Vulnerability
Weak and easily hurt
اسیب پذیر
Reputation
repjə’teɪʃn
The opinion that…
شهرت، ابرو
اعتبار
سابقه
Knot
nɒt
Join made together
گره
fort
/fɔrt
n] a building or buildings built in order to defend an area against attack
[n] a place where soldiers live and have their training
قلعه
volume
‘vɑl.jum
n] the amount of space that an object or a substance fills; the amount of space that a container has
[n] the amount of sth
conduit
/kɑndɪt
n] a pipe, channel or tube which liquid, gas or electrical wire can pass through
[n] a person, an organization or a country that is used to pass things or information to other people or places
مجرا
competent
Competence
/kɑmpɪtənt/ /
adj] having enough skill or knowledge to do sth well or to the necessary standard
[adj] of a good standard but not very good
صلاحیت، شایستگی، لایق
clarify
/klerɪ.faɪ/
v] to make sth clearer or easier to understand
[v] to make sth, especially butter, pure by heating it
روشن کردن
entitle
Entitlement
ɪn’taɪt(ə)l/
v] to give sb the right to have or to do sth
[v] to give a title to a book, play, etc.
حق داشتن
استحقاق
initial
/ɪ’nɪʃ(ə)l/
adj] happening at the beginning; first
[n] the first letter of a person’s first name
[n] the first letters of all of a person’s names
اولیه
anomaly
/ə’nɑməli
n] a thing, situation, etc. that is different from what is normal or expected
ناهنجاری
ponder
ˈpɒndər/
[v] to think about sth carefully for a period of time
اندیشیدن
entrepreneurship
/ɑntrəprə’nɜ:ʃɪp
A person who make job
کارافرین
ongoing
adj] continuing to exist or develop
در دست اقدام
empirical
/imˈpirik(ə)l/
[adj] based on experiments or experience rather than ideas or theories
تجربی
fore
/fɔ:(r)/
adj] located at the front of a ship, an aircraft or an animal
[adv] at or towards the front of a ship or an aircraft
جلو، پیشی
fur
/fɜr
n] the soft thick mass of hair that grows on the body of some animals
[n] the skin of an animal with the fur still on it, used especially for making clothes
خز حیوانات
wheat
hwit
n] a plant grown for its grain that is used to produce the flour for bread, cakes, pasta , etc.; the grain of this plant
Examples
wheat flour
گندم
exploit
Exploitation
/’ek.splɔɪt
v] to treat a person or situation as an opportunity to gain an advantage for yourself
[v] to treat sb unfairly by making them work and not giving them much in return
بهره برداری
extraction
/ɪk’strækʃ(ə)n/
n] the act or process of removing or obtaining sth from sth else
[n] having a particular family origin
[n] the removal of a tooth
استخراج، اصل و نسب
reserve
/rɪ’zɜrv
[v] to ask for a seat, table, room, etc. to be available for you or sb else at a future time
[v] to keep sth for sb/sth, so that it cannot be used by any other person or for any other reason
ذخیره، اندوخته
hydroelectricity
Electricity that make with water
برق تولید شده از اب یا بخار
Mutation
mutate
//’mju.teɪt/
Jump
جهش
deadly
/dedli/
adj] causing or likely to cause death
[adj] extreme; complete
[adj] extremely effective, so that no defence is possible
مرگبار
infect
Infection
/ɪn’fekt
v] to make a disease or an illness spread to a person, an animal or a plant
[v] to make a substance contain harmful bacteria that can spread disease
الوده کردن
عفونت
nation
/’neɪʃ(ə)n
n] a country considered as a group of people with the same language, culture and history, who live in a particular area under one government
[n] all the people in a country
ملت
endeavour
Endeavor
/ənˈdevər/
n] an attempt to do sth, especially sth new or difficult
[v] to try very hard to do sth
تلاش، کوشش
gradually
/ˈɡrædʒuəli/
[adv] slowly, over a long period of time
به تدریج
polar
/poʊlər
[adj] connected with, or near the North or South Pole
[adj] connected with the poles (= the positive and negative ends) of a magnet
قطبی، متقارن، متقابل
interruption
/ɪntə’rʌpʃən/
n] something that temporarily stops an activity or a situation; a time when an activity is stopped
[n] the act of interrupting sb/sth and of stopping them from speaking
وقفه، تعلیق
conservationist
Conservative
/kɑnsər’veɪʃ(ə)nɪst/
n] a person who takes an active part in the protection of the environment
حافظان محیط زیست
محافظه کار
numerous
/ˈnuːmərəs/
adj] existing in large numbers many
متعدد
stipulation
شرط، قید، شرط ضمن عقد
offset
/’ɔf.set/
v] to use one cost, payment or situation in order to cancel or reduce the effect of another
[adj] used to describe a method of printing in which ink is put onto a metal plate, then onto a rubber surface and only then onto the paper
انحراف، افست،
repercussion
/ripər’kʌʃ(ə)n/
n] an indirect and usually bad result of an action or event that may happen some time afterwards
پیامد
split
/splɪt
[v] to divide, or to make a group of people divide, into smaller groups that have very different opinions
[v] to divide, or to make sth divide, into two or more parts
شکافتن
induce
/ɪn’dus/
v] to persuade or influence sb to do sth
[v] to cause sth
[v] to make a woman start giving birth to her baby by giving her special drugs
وادار کردن
Segments
Section
بخش
essence
/esəns/
n] the most important quality or feature of sth, that makes it what it is
[n] a liquid taken from a plant, etc. that contains its smell and taste in a very strong form
ذات، اسانس
sequence
/sikwəns/
[n] a set of events, actions, numbers, etc. which have a particular order and which lead to a particular result
[n] the order that events, actions, etc. happen in or should happen in
حواله، دنباله، ترتیب
Afield
Far from
دوردست، در صحرا
Whereas
Usef to compare two fact
درحالیکه
Implicitly
به طور ضمنی
Seduce
To persuade…
از راه به در کردن
Whilst
در حالی که
Miserable
mɪzərəbl
Very unhappy and uncomfortable
بدبخت
Boon
Sth that is helpful
مزیت، بخشش
Surge
Move quickly with particular direction
موج
Outbreak
Sudden start… شیوع
Afflict
Affect on sb
مبتلا شدن
Eminent
Famous and respected
برجسته
Explicitly
به صراحت
halcyon
/hælsiən
adj] peaceful and happy
ایام خوب گذشته
oversee
/oʊvər’si/
[v] to watch sb/sth and make sure that a job or an activity is done correctly
نظارت کردن
petal
/’pet(ə)l
n] a delicate coloured part of a flower. The head of a flower is usually made up of several petals around a central part.
گلبرگ
iridescence
ˌɪrɪ’desns
رنگین کمانی
shimmery
/ʃɪmərɪ
درخشان
beetle
/’bit(ə)l/
Kind of insect
سوسک
hue
/hju
n] a colour; a particular shade of a colour
[n] a type of belief or opinion
رنگی
nectar
/nektər
[n] a sweet liquid that is produced by flowers and collected by bees for making honey
[n] the thick juice of some fruits as a drink
شهد
alchemy
/ælkəmi/
n] a form of chemistry studied in the Middle Ages which involved trying to discover how to change ordinary metals into gold
کیمیاگر
walnut
/ˈwɔlˌnʌt
n] the light brown nut of the walnut tree that has a rough surface and a hard round shell in two halves
گردو
heterogeneous
/hetəroʊ’dʒiniəs/
adj] consisting of many different kinds of people or things
ناهمگون
homogeneous
/hɑmə’dʒiniəs
adj] consisting of things or people that are all the same or all of the same type
همگن
Heaven
بهشت
Spirit
Spiritual
ˈspɪrɪtʃuəl
Part if person…
روح
معنوی
Wholesome
Good for your health
سالم
beat
/bit
v] to defeat sb in a game or competition
[v] to get control of sth
[v] to be too difficult for sb
ضرب و شتم
shoelace
/’ʃu.leɪs/
n] a long thin piece of material like string that goes through the holes on a shoe and is used to fasten it
بندکفش
Mediocrity
Quality of being average
متوسط بودن
irrigate
/’ɪrɪ.ɡeɪt/
v] to supply water to an area of land through pipes or channels so that crops will grow
[v] to wash out a wound or part of the body with a flow of water or liquid
ابیاری
drought
/draʊt
n] a long period of time when there is little or no rain
خشکسالی
drought
/draʊt
n] a long period of time when there is little or no rain
خشکسالی
reservoir
/’rezər.vwɑ/
[n] a natural or artificial lake where water is stored before it is taken by pipes to houses, etc.
مخزن
submerge
/səbˈmɜr(r)dʒ
[v] to go under the surface of water or liquid; to put sth or make sth go under the surface of water or liquid
[v] to hide ideas, feelings, opinions, etc. completely
غوطه ور شدن، زیر اب کردن
Consist
Include
تشکیل شده از، مرکب بودن
Spin
To turn round
چرخش
Backbone
Row of bones
ستون فقرات
Relevant
ˈreləvənt
Related
مرتبط
Bard
A person who write bard
شاعر
Legal
/ˈliɡ(ə)l/
Connected with law
مجاز
Propensity
Tendency to a particular
تمایل
Undesirable
Not wanted or approve
نامطلوب
Slither
‘slɪðə(r)]
To move of snak
خزیدن،
Slither
To move of snak
خزیدن، لغزش
Grace
To attractive quality
رحمت، زینت بخشیدن
Versatility
تطبیق پذیری
trait
treɪ, treɪt $ treɪt/
a particular quality in someone’s character
صفت، ویژگی
blueprint
n] a photographic print of a plan for a building or a machine, with white lines on a blue background
[n] a plan which shows what can be achieved and how it can be achieved
نقشه
comparison
kəmˈpærəsən
n] the process of comparing two or more people or things
[n] an occasion when two or more people or things are compared
مقایسه
infer
ɪn’fɜr
v] to reach an opinion or decide that sth is true on the basis of information that is available
[v] to suggest indirectly that sth is true
نتیجه گیری
dwindle
‘dwɪnd(ə)l/
v] to become gradually less or smaller
کم شدن
Multiply
ˈmʌltɪˌplaɪ
To add a number
تکثیر کردن
Confound
/kənˈfaʊnd/
Confuse
گیج کردن
Inextricably
/ˌɪnɪkˈstrɪkəbli
Two thing that is linked
جدایی ناپذیر
Exuberance
Abundance
شور و نشاط
Masterpiece
/ˈmæstərˌpis
A art that is facinating
شاهکار
Verse
/vɜrs
Poetry, verse
ایه، شعر
Portion
/ˈpɔrʃ(ə)n/
Part of sth larger
سهم، بخش
Collaborative
Collaborator
/kəˈlæbərətɪv/
Involving bye several people that work together
همکاری
همکار
Revenge
/rɪˈvendʒ/
Do sth for retaliate
انتقام گرفتن
Unprecedented
/ʌnˈpresɪdentəd
That has never happenede
بی سابقه
Contemporary
kənˈtempəˌreri
Belong to the same time
امروزی، معاصر
Utter
ˈʌtər
Absolute
Use to emphasize
مطلقا
Symbiosis
/ˌsɪmbaɪˈoʊsɪs/
The relationship between two living culture
همزیستی
Intractable
/ɪnˈtræktəb(ə)l/
Very difficult to deal with
رام نشدنی، لجوجانه
Disembark
/ˌdɪsɪmˈbɑrk/
Leave vehicle especially ship
پیاده شدن
Optimize
/ˈɑptɪmaɪz
Make sth as good can be
بهینه سازی
Rudimentary
/ ˌrudəˈment(ə)ri/
Dealing with only basic
ابتدایی
Laborious
/ləˈbɔriəs
Taking a lot of time and effort
پر زحمت
Spacious
/ˈspeɪʃəs
Large and with plenty space
جادار
Digestion
/daɪˈdʒestʃ(ə)n/
The process of digesting
هضم
Respiration
/ˌrespəˈreɪʃ(ə)n/
The act of breathing
تنفس
Unify
ˈjunɪˌfaɪ/
Joun people, group…متحد کردن
Unaided
/ʌnˈeɪdəd/
Wirhout helping
بدون کمک
Intervention
/ˌɪntərˈvenʃ(ə)n/
a situation in which someone becomes involved in a particular issue, problem, etc. in order to influence what happens
مداخله
Dice
Small cube
تاس
Stun
/stʌn/
To make a person or anumal unconscious
بیهوش
Marvel
/ˈmɑrv(ə)l
A wonderful and surprising
شگفت زده کردن
Aquatic
Growing or living near water
ابزی
Acclaim
/əˈkleɪm/
public praise for someone or something
تحسین
Yield
/jild/
To produce
بازده، محصول
