First Crusade Source Deck Flashcards
- What is the Holy Land? (2)
The Land sacred to Jews, Christians and Muslims…(1)
… in what was ancient Palestine (now Israel, Palestine and Jordan) (1)
- What were the “Crusades”? (2)
A series of military campaigns launched in the name of the Church…(1)
…to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims. (1)
- Why is Jerusalem important to Christians? (2)
- It is the place where Jesus Christ died and was buried.
- The Church of the Holy Sepulchre stood at the site where Christians believed his tomb was found.
- Why is Jerusalem important to Muslims? (2)
- Prophet Muhammad ascended to heaven from there.
- The Dome of the Rock and the Al-Aqsa mosque are sites of pilgrimage for Muslims.
- When did the Seljuk Turks take control of the Holy Land? (1)
1077
- What were three consequence of the Seljuk Turks taking over the Holy Land? (3)
- Various Muslim groups struggled for power.
- It became harder for Christian pilgrims to visit.
- Rumours of mistreatment of Christians spread.
- Why did Byzantine Emperor, Alexius, appeal to the Pope for help? (2)
- Feared the spread of Seljuk rule towards his own land
- Felt Seljuk rule was a threat to the Christian city of Constantinople.
- What was the name of the Pope who launched the First Crusade?
Pope Urban II
- When, where and why did the Pope deliver his famous speech? (3)
When - 1095
Where - Clermont in central France
Why - Called for a crusade to capture the Holy Land
- What did the Pope say to persuade people to go on Crusade? (4)
- Europe was overpopulated.
- Not much wealth in Europe.
- If you died in battle, all your sins would be forgiven.
- Bandits could become soldiers.
- Which two words did the Pope use to describe Muslims? (2)
Saracens
Infidels
- What was the Muslim name for the Crusaders? (1)
Franks (meaning people from what is now France)
- Give three other reasons, other than the Pope, why people went on Crusade. (3)
Any three from:
- It was a chance for knights to become heroes
- It was a Christian duty
- It would have been a great adventure
- The Holy Land was rich with luxuries such as golds and spices.
- It was a chance for rulers to encourage aggressive knights to go abroad.
- Crusaders paid no taxes while they were away.
- What happened on “the People’s Crusade”? (4)
- Peter the Hermit led thousands of common men, women and knights.
- They marched nearly 2,000 miles
- The encountered trouble in Hungary and Byzantine along the way
- Their undisciplined army was slaughtered by Muslims
- Who led the first official Crusader army? (2)
William the Conqueror’s son Robert of Normandy and William’s son in law, Stephen of Blois.
- How many people in the first official Crusader army? (1)
Around 50,000
- When was the siege of Antioch (1)
1097
- What happened in Antioch? (3)
- The Christians took over after laying siege to it.
- A Muslim army laid siege to the city after.
- Christians defeated the Muslims.
- When was the siege of Jerusalem? (2)
1099
- What happened during the siege of Jerusalem? (4)
- 7th June – Crusaders first catch site of Jerusalem
- 1,500 troops laid siege to the city
- Genoese and English ships brought materials to build siege towers
- 15th July – the Crusaders breached the gate and slaughtered Muslims and Jews within the walls.
- Who was the victor of the First Crusade? (1)
Christians
- What was the name of the four “Crusader states” set up after 1099? (4)
- Kingdom of Jerusalem
- Tripoli
- Antioch
- Edessa
