First Civilizations

Question 1

Paleolithic

Answer 1

Old Stone Age. Used stone tools. Hunter-gathers. Only small family bands. No permanent settlements and used natural features for shelter

Question 2

Neolithic

Answer 2

New Stone Age. Agricultural Revolution. Surplus of foods means specialized jobs. Population grow and cities emerge. Permanent settlements.

Question 3

Hunter-gathers

Answer 3

Nomadic small tribes. No permeant settlements. Followed food

Question 4

Civilization

Answer 4

A complex society and an advanced form of culture

Question 5

Characteristics of civilization

Answer 5

1) Cities are administrative centers
2) Advancements in STEM and arts
3) Monumental buildings
4) Socail Statuses
5) People in specialized jobs
6) Agreed political system
7) Long Distance Trade
8) System for record keeping

Question 6

Agricultural Revolution

Answer 6

Change from hunting-gathering to food production. Domestication of food and animals. Made it possible for permanent settlement. With a surplus of food, specialized jobs appear

Question 7

Dynasty

Answer 7

A line of heredity rulers of a country

Question 8

Four firth river civilizations

Answer 8

Mesopatinia (Eurpaties and Tigris), Egypt (Nile), China (Yellow River), and Indus Valley (Indus River)

Question 9

What caused the agricultural revolution

Answer 9

Climate Change

Question 10

Mesopotamia

Answer 10

Euphrates and Tigris rivers (fertile crescent). Ziggurats -> region was important. Traded with people in Egypt and across East Asia. First major city was Sumir. City state. Wheeled carts. Babylon. Abundant metals.

Question 11

Cuneiform

Answer 11

First written language. In Mesopotamia

Question 12

Code of Hammurabi

Answer 12

First set of laws. In Mesopotamia.

Question 13

City state

Answer 13

A country that includes the city and surrounding feilds

Question 14

Indus Valley

Answer 14

Indus river. Rivers not predictable. Flooding caused river to change course and ended up ending the civ. Few large cities- only Mandar and ParHuappar. Cities have two levels. Upper for religion and power, lower for people. Sewer system. Evidence of central power because everything is laid out so well. Seal stones to keep records and traded. Found all the way in to Egypt and Mesopotamia.

Question 15

Hyreoplapics

Answer 15

Egyptian language

Question 16

Nile Civilization

Answer 16

Nile river was very fertile, but the other 90% was uninhabitable. River flooding was very predictable because of astronomy. Sometimes there were still droughts-caused disruption in rulings. Ruled in three distinct dynasties. Old, middle, and new kingdom (and intermediate periods in between). Tombs and pyramids. Slaves-but it was seen as an honor. GOLD for the wealth. Papyrus. Pharohs

Question 17

Yellow River Civilization

Answer 17

Shang and then Zhou dynasties. Oracle bones via ancestors to gods. Silk and rice. Emperors. Bronze was rare. Mandate of heaven. Isolated region. Traded on river. Feng Shui?

Question 18

Mandate of heaven

Answer 18

The ruler in not above all because the gods gift him his power. If he is not a good ruler, they shall give the position to someone else.