first check #9 (tut 19-20)

Question 1

Although fungi generally lack extensive cellular specialization, what feature of hyphal growth makes them so well suited as decomposers, mutualistic symbionts, and pathogens?

Answer 1

a large surface area

Question 2

Fungi have unique life cycles. A fungus that has two parietal nuclei in one cell is referred to as a ….

Answer 2

dikaryon

Question 3

Chytrids are thought to be the ancestral group of fungi, even though they have flagella. Which of the following groups of features warrant their placement in the fungal kingdom?

Answer 3

cell walls are made out of chitin, ultra structural similarities, absorptive nutrition

Question 4

A mycorrhizae can best be described as a…

Answer 4

mutualistic symbiosis between a fungus and a plant root

Question 5

Molecular data indicate that animals and fungi have a common ancestor (although it is very ancient). What morphological character provides us with a clue to the morphology of this common ancestor to fungi and animals?

Answer 5

flagella

Question 6

The term “karyogamy “ means

Answer 6

the fusion of haploid nuclei

Question 7

What is the correct order of nuclear/cytoplasmic events during the sexual reproductive life cycle of a zygomycete?

Answer 7

plasmogamy, karyogamy, meiosis

Question 8

Fungi perform many important roles in the biosphere. Which of the following is NOT an environmental function of the kingdom Fungi?

Answer 8

photosynthetic carbon fixation

Question 9

Absorptive nutrition means that fungi

Answer 9

secrete digestive enzymes to break down their food outside of their cells and absorb the digested products

Question 10

With the exception of flagellated spores for members of the Chytridiomycota, fungi are mostly nonmotile. What adaptive feature allows them to be such successful decomposers, pathogens, and symbionts?

Answer 10

the production of large numbers of easily dispersed spores in sexual and asexual modes of reproduction

Question 11

You are a mycologist and have been asked to identify a fungus causing an epidemic on an important agronomic crop. The plant sample you’ve been given displays the fungus in its sexual state. Based on symptoms, you suspect that it is an ascomycete, but there isn’t a conspicuous ascocarp and you’ll have to use a microscope. What structure should you look for to verify that it is indeed an ascomycete?

Answer 11

an ascus with ascospores ( glorified yeast infection )

Question 12

Why might the term “mushroom” be confusing when we refer to basidiomycetes?

Answer 12

Some basidiomycetes produce microscopic basidiocarps that don’t resemble gilled mushrooms.

Question 13

What life cycle feature is shared by ascomycetes and basidiomycetes?

Answer 13

the formation of a dikaryon

Question 14

You are an entrepreneurial vintner and are interested in making a batch of wine. Which phylum of fungi includes a fungus that will enable you to turn your grape juice into wine via yeast fermentation?

Answer 14

Ascomycota

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT an ecological role of basidiomycetes?

Answer 15

autotroph

Question 16

The phylum Basidiomycota is distinguished from the phylum Ascomycota because

Answer 16

ascomycetes produce their sexual spores in sacks of 8

Question 17

Why does an ascus contain eight ascospores following meiosis (which usually results in the production of four genetically distinct daughter cells)?

Answer 17

The four haploid ascospores undergo an additional round of mitosis after meiosis is complete.

Question 18

You have discovered a new species of fungus associated with plant roots. It invades the cells in the roots, forming arbuscular mycorhizzae. Based just upon this character, you confidently determine that this fungus is member of the:

Answer 18

Glomeromycota.

Question 19

In the fungal life cycle, if the number of chromosomes in a diploid nucleus is 10, which one of the following statements will be true?

Answer 19

The spores will be haploid and have five chromosomes per cell.

Question 20

Which one of these statements is true of fungal reproduction?

Answer 20

Fungi can undergo both asexual and sexual reproduction.