First Chapter Flashcards
Metric System Unit for Mass
gram
Metric System Unit for Volume
liter
Metric System Unit for Length
meter
Metric System Unit for Time
second
Metric Symbol for: Gram, Meter, Liter
Gram= g Meter= m Liter= l
Metric Abbreviations: Mega, Kilo, Hecto, Deka, Deci, Centi, Milli, Nano
Mega= M Kilo= k Hecto= h Deka= da Deci= d Centi= c Milli= m Nano= n
Significant Digits
Digits which are measured. All non-zero digits are significant. Zeroes are significant unless they are placeholders.
Scientific Notation
A Number expressed as A X 10B
Convert to Scientific Notation: 1) 695 2) 0.04 3) 3000
1) 6.95 X 10^2 2) 4 X 10^-2 3) 3 X 10^3
Convert from Scientific Notation 1) 1.23 x 10^4 2) 6 x 10^-3
1) 12300 2) 0.006
How many significant digits? 1) 300 2) 0.0020 3) 4006 4) 5.00
1) 1 2) 2 3) 4 4) 3
Scientific Law
- An event which occurs with unvarying regularity. (Law of gravity)
Hypothesis
A tentative explanation of observations which requires further experimentation .
Energy
The ability to do work; it is released or absorbed during chemical reactions in the form of heat, light, electricity. (Calorie, Joule: 1 Cal = 4.18J)
Matter
A substance that occupies space and has mass.
Metric Abbreviations: Seconds, Celsius, Kelvin, Moles, Amperes
Seconds = s Celsius = ºC Kelvin = K Moles = mol Amperes = A
Compare Weight and Mass
In a substance: Mass is the AMount of matter. Wight measures gravitational force. Mass never varies; weight does.
Metric Prefixes for: 1) 0.1 2) 0.01 3) 0.001 4) 0.000000001
1) deci 2) centi 3) milli 4) nano
Compare freezing and boiling points of water in: - Celsius - Kelvin - Fahrenheit
- ºC Freezing: 0 Boiling: 100 - K Freezing: 273 Boiling: 373 - ºF Freezing: 32 Boiling: 212
Compare precision and accuracy.
Precision: the reliability or reproducibility of a measurement. Accuracy: how close a measurement is to the accepted value.
Degree of Uncertainty
The uncertainty in a measurement depends on the skill of the person doing the measuring and the limitations of the measuring instrument.
Metric units for: 1) Temperature 2) Electric Current 3) Amount of Substance
1) Celsius or Kelvin 2) ampere 3) mole
Physical Properties
Properties which can be observed without changing the substance into something different (Color, ode or, hardness, …)
Chemical Properties
Properties observed when a substance changes into a new substance (Iron forms rust in air & water; gasoline burns in oxygen)
Physical Properties
Substance changes form or sate only. Boiling, melting, freezing, dissolving, grinding, cutting.
Chemical Properties
New substances are formed with new chemical and physical properties. Oxygen & hydrogen form water; sodium & chlorine form salt (sodium chloride).
List the three states of matter in order of increasing density.
Gas: neither definite in shape nor volume. Liquid: definite volume; takes shape of container. Solid: definite size and shape.
Density. General equation and three standard units.
Mass of a unit volume of a substance. Density = mass/volume g/mL g/L kg/L
Calculate the density of a rock with mass of 10g and volume of 5ml.
Density = mass/volume Density= 10g/5ml = 2g/ml
J.J Thmson Discovery
Plum pudding or the existence of sub atomic atoms
J.J Thomson Experiment
The Cathode Ray experiment observed cathode rays being negatively charged magnet.
J.J Thomson conclusion
Atoms have small particles.
Robert Milikan Discovery
the exact amount of negative charge possessed by a electron.
Robert Milikan Experiment
The oil drop experiment (observe charged drops of oil as they fell through charged plate.)
Robert Milikan conclusion
Used Thomson mass to charge ratio to solve for both the mass the electron. Nice One, Buddy
Ernest Rutherford discovery
The Existence of an atomic nucleus, Which consists of protons.
Ernest Rutherford Experiment
The gold foil experiment observed the deflection of positively charged dense, positively charged center of the atom.
Ernest Rutherford Conclusions
Most of the atom’s mass is contained in a dense, positively charge orbited by electrons.
Atomic Weight
Is the average natural atomic Mass
Mass spectrometer
Measures the mass to charge ratio
> The Atomic Number Tells the number of———-
>
Protons
The Mass Number tells the # of ————
Neutrons
Atomic Number
The number of Protons
Isotope
Same element only differing in its element.
S Oribitals
1 Energy Level
Are spherical
P Orbitals
Are Peanut shaped
3 per energy level
D Oribituals
Double Peanut Shape
5 Energy per level
F Orbitals
Are Crazy Lookin
7 per energy level
Solids
Are Definite and compressible
Hypothesis
The intial or tentative explanation of an observation
Going Left of the Periodic table ———— ionization.
Decreases
Ionic Bonds
Metal and nonmetal (opposite Attract)
Example: NaCl
Covalent Bonds
Elements that are near each other( Non metal & Non Metal)
Bisulfate
HSO(4) -1
Cynaide
CN -1
Perchlorate
ClO(4) -1
Thiocyanate
SCN -1
Hydrogen Phosphate
HPO(4) -2
Ammonium
NH(4) + 1
Oxalate
C(2)O(4) -2
Law
A concise Verbal Statement or Mathematical expression
The seperation process that depends on differing abilities of substances to form gasses is called.
Distillation
Physicist Ernest Rutherford developed the nuclear model of the atom after performing an experiment where he bombarded gold foil with alpha radiation. According to his experiment, which of the following fills up the majority of the volume of an atom?
Empty space
Sometimes, when Sidney eats too many beans, he experiences an unpleasant build-up of methane gas. Methane is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CH4s, where the atomic ratio of carbon to hydrogen is 1 : 4. Chemists discovered a sample of methane that contains 7.342 g of C and 2.445 g of H. Which of the following mathematical expressions determines the atomic mass of C relative to H?
(A) 7.342g/4(2.445g)
(B)4(2.445g)/7.342g
(C)4(2.445 g) × 7.342 g
(D)4(7.342g)/2.445g
(E)4(7.342 g) × 2.445 g
(d)
Si Unit for Velocity
M/S
NaClO
Name The Compound
Sodium Hypochlorite
Ionic
What is the formula for chromium (III) phosphate?
CrPO4
What is the formula of calcium sulfate
CaSO4
Sodium Nitrate
NaNO(3)
Lead(2)Oxide
PbO
Mercury (1) Sulfate
Hg(2)S
Barium Chromate
BaCrO(4)
Cerium Nirtrate
Ce(NO(2))4
Sulfur Dioxide
SO(2)
Diflourine Monoxide
Fl(2)O
6.3*3.25
sid figs
20
True OR F alse LIght is Matter
False
What Is a Physical state in which matter has no specific shape but does have a specific volume.
Liquid
Is Gas significantly compressible True or false
True
11.5*8.78
101
