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AP Chemistry > First Chapter > Flashcards

First Chapter Flashcards

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1
Q

Metric System Unit for Mass

A

gram

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2
Q

Metric System Unit for Volume

A

liter

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3
Q

Metric System Unit for Length

A

meter

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4
Q

Metric System Unit for Time

A

second

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5
Q

Metric Symbol for: Gram, Meter, Liter

A

Gram= g Meter= m Liter= l

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6
Q

Metric Abbreviations: Mega, Kilo, Hecto, Deka, Deci, Centi, Milli, Nano

A

Mega= M Kilo= k Hecto= h Deka= da Deci= d Centi= c Milli= m Nano= n

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7
Q

Significant Digits

A

Digits which are measured. All non-zero digits are significant. Zeroes are significant unless they are placeholders.

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8
Q

Scientific Notation

A

A Number expressed as A X 10B

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9
Q

Convert to Scientific Notation: 1) 695 2) 0.04 3) 3000

A

1) 6.95 X 10^2 2) 4 X 10^-2 3) 3 X 10^3

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10
Q

Convert from Scientific Notation 1) 1.23 x 10^4 2) 6 x 10^-3

A

1) 12300 2) 0.006

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11
Q

How many significant digits? 1) 300 2) 0.0020 3) 4006 4) 5.00

A

1) 1 2) 2 3) 4 4) 3

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12
Q

Scientific Law

A
  1. An event which occurs with unvarying regularity. (Law of gravity)
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13
Q

Hypothesis

A

A tentative explanation of observations which requires further experimentation .

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14
Q

Energy

A

The ability to do work; it is released or absorbed during chemical reactions in the form of heat, light, electricity. (Calorie, Joule: 1 Cal = 4.18J)

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15
Q

Matter

A

A substance that occupies space and has mass.

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16
Q

Metric Abbreviations: Seconds, Celsius, Kelvin, Moles, Amperes

A

Seconds = s Celsius = ºC Kelvin = K Moles = mol Amperes = A

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17
Q

Compare Weight and Mass

A

In a substance: Mass is the AMount of matter. Wight measures gravitational force. Mass never varies; weight does.

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18
Q

Metric Prefixes for: 1) 0.1 2) 0.01 3) 0.001 4) 0.000000001

A

1) deci 2) centi 3) milli 4) nano

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19
Q

Compare freezing and boiling points of water in: - Celsius - Kelvin - Fahrenheit

A
  • ºC Freezing: 0 Boiling: 100 - K Freezing: 273 Boiling: 373 - ºF Freezing: 32 Boiling: 212
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20
Q

Compare precision and accuracy.

A

Precision: the reliability or reproducibility of a measurement. Accuracy: how close a measurement is to the accepted value.

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21
Q

Degree of Uncertainty

A

The uncertainty in a measurement depends on the skill of the person doing the measuring and the limitations of the measuring instrument.

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22
Q

Metric units for: 1) Temperature 2) Electric Current 3) Amount of Substance

A

1) Celsius or Kelvin 2) ampere 3) mole

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23
Q

Physical Properties

A

Properties which can be observed without changing the substance into something different (Color, ode or, hardness, …)

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24
Q

Chemical Properties

A

Properties observed when a substance changes into a new substance (Iron forms rust in air & water; gasoline burns in oxygen)

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25
Q

Physical Properties

A

Substance changes form or sate only. Boiling, melting, freezing, dissolving, grinding, cutting.

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26
Q

Chemical Properties

A

New substances are formed with new chemical and physical properties. Oxygen & hydrogen form water; sodium & chlorine form salt (sodium chloride).

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27
Q

List the three states of matter in order of increasing density.

A

Gas: neither definite in shape nor volume. Liquid: definite volume; takes shape of container. Solid: definite size and shape.

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28
Q

Density. General equation and three standard units.

A

Mass of a unit volume of a substance. Density = mass/volume g/mL g/L kg/L

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29
Q

Calculate the density of a rock with mass of 10g and volume of 5ml.

A

Density = mass/volume Density= 10g/5ml = 2g/ml

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30
Q

J.J Thmson Discovery

A

Plum pudding or the existence of sub atomic atoms

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31
Q

J.J Thomson Experiment

A

The Cathode Ray experiment observed cathode rays being negatively charged magnet.

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32
Q

J.J Thomson conclusion

A

Atoms have small particles.

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33
Q

Robert Milikan Discovery

A

the exact amount of negative charge possessed by a electron.

34
Q

Robert Milikan Experiment

A

The oil drop experiment (observe charged drops of oil as they fell through charged plate.)

35
Q

Robert Milikan conclusion

A

Used Thomson mass to charge ratio to solve for both the mass the electron. Nice One, Buddy

36
Q

Ernest Rutherford discovery

A

The Existence of an atomic nucleus, Which consists of protons.

37
Q

Ernest Rutherford Experiment

A

The gold foil experiment observed the deflection of positively charged dense, positively charged center of the atom.

38
Q

Ernest Rutherford Conclusions

A

Most of the atom’s mass is contained in a dense, positively charge orbited by electrons.

39
Q

Atomic Weight

A

Is the average natural atomic Mass

40
Q

Mass spectrometer

A

Measures the mass to charge ratio

41
Q

> The Atomic Number Tells the number of———-

>

A

Protons

42
Q

The Mass Number tells the # of ————

A

Neutrons

43
Q

Atomic Number

A

The number of Protons

44
Q

Isotope

A

Same element only differing in its element.

45
Q

S Oribitals

A

1 Energy Level

Are spherical

46
Q

P Orbitals

A

Are Peanut shaped

3 per energy level

47
Q

D Oribituals

A

Double Peanut Shape

5 Energy per level

48
Q

F Orbitals

A

Are Crazy Lookin

7 per energy level

49
Q

Solids

A

Are Definite and compressible

50
Q

Hypothesis

A

The intial or tentative explanation of an observation

51
Q

Going Left of the Periodic table ———— ionization.

A

Decreases

52
Q

Ionic Bonds

A

Metal and nonmetal (opposite Attract)

Example: NaCl

53
Q

Covalent Bonds

A

Elements that are near each other( Non metal & Non Metal)

54
Q

Bisulfate

A

HSO(4) -1

55
Q

Cynaide

A

CN -1

56
Q

Perchlorate

A

ClO(4) -1

57
Q

Thiocyanate

A

SCN -1

58
Q

Hydrogen Phosphate

A

HPO(4) -2

59
Q

Ammonium

A

NH(4) + 1

60
Q

Oxalate

A

C(2)O(4) -2

61
Q

Law

A

A concise Verbal Statement or Mathematical expression

62
Q

The seperation process that depends on differing abilities of substances to form gasses is called.

A

Distillation

63
Q

Physicist Ernest Rutherford developed the nuclear model of the atom after performing an experiment where he bombarded gold foil with alpha radiation. According to his experiment, which of the following fills up the majority of the volume of an atom?

A

Empty space

64
Q

Sometimes, when Sidney eats too many beans, he experiences an unpleasant build-up of methane gas. Methane is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CH4s, where the atomic ratio of carbon to hydrogen is 1 : 4. Chemists discovered a sample of methane that contains 7.342 g of C and 2.445 g of H. Which of the following mathematical expressions determines the atomic mass of C relative to H?

(A) 7.342g/4(2.445g)
(B)4(2.445g)/7.342g
(C)4(2.445 g) × 7.342 g
(D)4(7.342g)/2.445g
(E)4(7.342 g) × 2.445 g

A

(d)

65
Q

Si Unit for Velocity

A

M/S

66
Q

NaClO

Name The Compound

A

Sodium Hypochlorite

Ionic

67
Q

What is the formula for chromium (III) phosphate?

A

CrPO4

68
Q

What is the formula of calcium sulfate

A

CaSO4

69
Q

Sodium Nitrate

A

NaNO(3)

70
Q

Lead(2)Oxide

A

PbO

71
Q

Mercury (1) Sulfate

A

Hg(2)S

72
Q

Barium Chromate

A

BaCrO(4)

73
Q

Cerium Nirtrate

A

Ce(NO(2))4

74
Q

Sulfur Dioxide

A

SO(2)

75
Q

Diflourine Monoxide

A

Fl(2)O

76
Q

6.3*3.25

sid figs

A

20

77
Q

True OR F alse LIght is Matter

A

False

78
Q

What Is a Physical state in which matter has no specific shape but does have a specific volume.

A

Liquid

79
Q

Is Gas significantly compressible True or false

A

True

80
Q

11.5*8.78

A

101

AP Chemistry (2 decks)

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