first but supposed to be 2nd Flashcards

not die eventually during tutorial

1
Q

文化是符号系统是什么意思?

A

语言学是研究能指到所指的过程

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2
Q

能指是什么意思?包括了什么?

A

signifier. 音,字,手势,表情,体态等等

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3
Q

所指是什么意思?包括了什么?

A

signified. 逻辑意,语法意

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4
Q

语法范围的研究是什么?

A

语音学,词汇学,句法学,语用学

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5
Q

语音学

A

语言发音和音义结合体的规则

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6
Q

词汇学

A

词和词组的构成法则和变化

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7
Q

句法学

A

以句子为研究对象,从词序上分类和寻找规律

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8
Q

语用学

A

研究语言应用(话语交际)的原则,言语行为,话境,话语理解与对策等

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9
Q

语言符号分位或切分指的是?

A

语言的分节性特征

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10
Q

语言符号的组合或聚合指的是?

A

语言的能产性特征

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11
Q

什么是语言的分节性特征?

A

因为人类说出的话有界限清晰的单位,按照实际的重要,语言规则组装出更大的单位来。

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12
Q

什么是语言的产生性特征?

A

因为分节性的特点是

  • 它可以利用有限的一些单音,根据某种规则组合起来(成为词)以代表不同的意义。
  • 运用有限的语言手段,通过替换和组合造出无限的句子。
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13
Q

对于语法两种的观点是什么?

A

先天自然· 后天学习

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14
Q

先天自然的观点是说明什么?

A

主张语法是生理继承的一部分,以为大脑有一套先天成熟的语法规则。

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15
Q

后天学习的观点是说明什么?

A

主张人类是通过各种认知能力,再结合交际所需,从而发展出语法规律。

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16
Q

对于研究语法的目的,语法家两个看法是什么?

A

描述性:即非强制性的法则,陈述一般规律

规范性:即如法律,有牵制规范之意。