FIRST BATCH Flashcards
sacred language
Hebrew
language of ordinary people
Aramaic
universal language of the Roman Empire
Greek
language of the Roman soldiers
Latin
teachers of young male Jews
Rabbis
the Law of Moses and the Prophets
Scriptures
Heavily imposed on the Jews
Taxes
Were levied
Taxes
Jewish males had to pay a half-shekel as support for the Jerusalem Temple
Taxes
Religious law prescribed it to priests and Levites
Tithes
Applied to all who were directly subject to the Romans
In Jesus’ time, it is approximately a day’s wage
Head tax
responsible in collecting taxes
Publicans
“grossest robbers” for the Jews”
Publicans
Irritated and provoked the Jews for bringing the imperial standard into Jerusalem
PONTIUS PILATE
ROMAN PROCURATOR
Governed the territory of Idumea, Judea, and Samaria
He was subject to the legate of Syria
ROMAN PROCURATOR
3 Sons of Herod
ARCHELAUS, PHILIP, AND ANTIPAS
A half-Jew because of Idumean origin
King of the Jews by Octavian
And was obsessed by his power
HEROD THE GREAT
most ambitious project of Herod the Great
Rebuilding of the Temple
a rule followed by the Romans to select leaders from among the conquered people
Self-Quasi Rule
Put an end to the last period of Jewish Independence under the Hasmonean dynasty in Israel
POMPEY
A body whose beginning as well as original composition was not clear but which, under the Roman procurators, had assumed a precise form and character.
SANHEDRIN
SANHEDRIN
Composed of 70 members plus the President
Considered as the official religious, political, and judicial body of Jews that was recognized by the Romans
SANHEDRIN
Group of originating as far back as Moses’ time
Guardians of worship and go-betweens
PRIESTS
Group of Jewish intellectuals appeared in Israel at the advent of the monarchy
SCRIBES
Held one of the principal offices in the list of the officials of David’s royal administration
SCRIBES
Known as:
- Educated servants
- Writers
- Interpreters of the Law of Moses
- Guardians of historical, judicial, wisdom, and prophetic patrimony of Israel
- Doctors of the Law of Moses
- Rabbis
SCRIBES
considered themselves as legitimate authorities
SCRIBES
“the pious ones”
ESSENES
Lived with great respect for the Torah
ESSENES
Separated themselves from the Jewish societies in order to maintain their strict religious practices
ESSENES
They believed in the immortality of the soul, the illegitimacy of the high priest in Jerusalem, and in the dictum: “Love one’s members, hate outsiders.”
ESSENES
An anti-Roman party (did not like the Romans)
ZEALOTS
Were Jewish fanatics who combined religion and nationalism
ZEALOTS
For them, Jewish independence would only be possible through a military overthrow of their oppressors, the Romans
ZEALOTS
A religious sect which probably originated from the Hasidim group or “the separated ones”
PHARISEES
conservative in politics and religious matters
PHARISEES
Members of the Pharisees, including: ???
SCRIBES AND DEVOUT LAYMEN
They were considered as champions of the Torah due to their withdrawal from political activity
PHARISEES
They believed in:
The resurrection of the dead
Judgment after death
Spirits and angels
PHARISEES
A social class which was closely related with Zadok
Belonged to the wealthy priestly and influential families occupying political positions
Were very conservative in religious matters
SADDUCEES
They strictly observed temple worship during the Sabbath
SADDUCEES
The Jews living outside Palestine during and after the Babylonian exile
JEWS OF DIASPORA
Comprised of :
- Samaritans (half-Jews)
- Publicans (tax collectors)
- Prostitutes
- Criminals
- Sinners
- Robbers
- The lepers (worst ones)
OUTCASTS
Was built by Herod the Great 15 years before the birth of Jesus Christ and 35 years after Jesus’ death
TEMPLE
Was the center of the Jews and the seat of the Sanhedrin
TEMPLE
Was considered as the house of prayer and the center of religious sacrifices
TEMPLE
A weekly day of rest and prayer for the Jews
Began at sunset of Friday
Ended at daylight hours of Saturday
No housework and no labor
SABBATH
Ancient and sacred stories of the people of Israel
Jewish people are known as THE PEOPLE OF THE BOOK
HEBREW SCRIPTURES
