First Barons’ War Flashcards
Who replaced Peter des Roches?
Hubert de Burgh
Why did distrust exist between John and the barons during June 1214?
Barons strengthening castles
Refusal to hand over hostages
Maintain control of London by the barons
Holding a tournament near Windsor
Why did John cancel the meeting at Oxford?
Waiting for intervention by Innocent III
What did John do in August after cancelling the oxford meeting?
Recalled Flemish mercenaries
Sent a message to annul the Magna Carta
Planning for campaign
When were the barons excommunicated?
August 16
Announced by papal legate Pandulf
What role did Stephen Langton play after excommunication?
Refused to announce it
Suspended from his role
Sought to act as intermediary with the papacy for the barons
Siege of Rochester
Key castle between London and Dover
Held by d’Aubigny (one of 25)
Taken after 7 weeks in December
Why did John go to the north?
To take York
To challenge Alexander II
Why did Louis Capet invade?
Robert Fitzwalter sought out french assistance
Reaction to the murder of Arthur of Brittany
Pursuing the claim of his wife, granddaughter of Henry II
Impact on Louis’ involvement?
Sowed discord amongst John’s camp: desertion of Earls of Arundel, York, Surrey and Salisbury
Risk of unpaid mercenaries joining Louis instead led to reluctance to meet in battle
Support for John by September 1216
Secured midlands and the west
William longsword renewed his allegiance
Death of key rebellious barons: Eustace de Vesci and Geoffrey de Mandeville
Taken Lincoln
What was mentioned in his will?
Peter des Roches, Marshall, Ranulf given authority of execution
Forgiveness from church
Declared Henry as his heir with Marshall as his guardian
Events upon Henry III ascension
Marshall reissued most of Magna Carta
Separation of the forest charter from the other articles
Renewed allegiances from barons after this, which eroded Louis’ support
Impact of Battle of Sandwich
Regained control of the dissenting south
Hubert de Burgh destroyed the french fleet
French retreat to Calais
Louis formally renounces claim to English throne
Impact of Battle of Lincoln
Control of the north returned to king by Marshall
Killed Perche
Took many barons hostage: Winchester, Hereford, Lincoln
