First Aid Test Flashcards
Assessing the casualty order - primary survey
Hazard, response, airway, breathing, circulation
Sequence of treatment
Hazard, response, airway, breathing, serious bleeding, treat all other injuries, await medical services
Breathing rate adult
16 times a minute
How long is the rescue breath
One sec
Signs of obstruction of airway
Distress, noisy laboured breathing, cyanosis, flaring of the nostrils, red puffy face, persistent dry cough
How deep are chest compressions
5-6cm
How many compressions?
30 at rate of 100-120 per min
Types of choking
Mild obstruction, severe obstruction
Treatment for choking conscious
Encourage coughing, five back slaps, five abdominal compressions, phone 999, alternate 5 back slaps with 5 thrusts
Treatment for choking unconscious
Open airway and check breathing, immediately give for, if they start to breathe place in recovery position, monitor and recird
Monitoring and recording
Every three minutes and every ten minutes
Choking when to call for medical help
If alone and no breathing immediately, if more than one person get help asap
Hypoxia signs and symptoms
Rapid distressed breathing, difficulty speaking, anxiety and restlessness, headache nausea and possible vomiting, loss of consciousness, cyanosis
Average adult heart rate?
60-80 beats per minute
Sequence of treatment
Hazards, response (Avu), airway (cmm), breathing (llf) get help, hazards, cpr
Causes of unconsciousness
Fairing infection stroke head injury heart attack shock hypoxia abnormal temperature poisoning epilepsy diabetes
Treatment of unconscious
Recovery position, get help, treat other injuries
Secondary survey order
Head (eyes, ears, nose and mouth, neck, torso, legs, arms
How long to leave in recovery position?
30 mins then roll over
Casualty monitoring sequence
Voice pulse eyes respiration movement
Causes of shocks
Fluid loss, heart attacks, burns, infection, anaphylactic shock, emotional, drug overdose, spinal cord, hypothermia, low blood sugar, circulatory failure
Signs and symptoms of shock
At first adrenaline release: rapid pulse, Pale clammy skin,
As it develops, weakness and dizziness, thirst nausea and possible committing, weak threads pulse, cyanosis
As brain oxygen decreases, redlestneds and aggressive, yawning and gasping for air, unconsciousness
Treatment for shock
Treat cause if the shock, lay casualty down, raise and support legs, loosen tight clothing shield from temps, call for aid, M&R
Shock do nots
Nothing to eat or drink, no smoking, don’t leave alone, no direct heat
Types of bleeds
Arterial, venous, capillary
Types of wounds
Incised, laceration, punctuate, abrasion, gunshot, contusion, stab
What types of pressure are there,
Direct and also indirect
How long can you apply indirect pressure on a bleed?
10 mins
What is indirect pressure?
Applying pressure to an artery to slow the bleed. Maximum of 10 minutes
Wrapping a bandage
Pad against wound, if blood seeps through one put on two, then remove all and replace
Types of fractures
Stable, unstable, Green stick
Classifications if fractured
Open or closed
Signs of fractures
Swelling, loss of power, irregularity, pain, deformity, unnatural movement, crepitus, tenderness, bruising, shock
Treatment fracture
Do not move, steady and support limb/body, stop bleeding and dress open fractures, elevate limb, treat for shock, evacuate, check circulation on bandage every 10 mins
Spinal fracture concious treatment
Reassure, phone ambulance, steady and support body, place additional support along the trunk, protect from elements
Treatment unconscious casualty spinal fracture
Steady and support head in neutral position, open airway, cpr if needed
Skull fracture treatment
Airway, cpr if needed, lie down, control bleeding from scalp, ear discharge use sterile dressing, m&r ufing vperm
Rib fracture treatment
If no complications, support injured side in sling, if complications, Seal wound with hand, dress it secured on three sides only, settle into inclined towards injured side, get aid
Hypothermia temp
Below 35
Severe hypothermia
Below 30
Treatment for hypothermia
Arrange shelter, remove wet clothing, insulate, send for help, passively reward, warm drinks, evacuate if needed
Treatment for heat exhaustion
Lag form, raise legs, weak salt solution, advise to see doctor, recovery position if needed
Types of burns 6
Dry, scalds, cold, chemical, electrical, radiation
Treatment of ASR
Do not leave unattended, disarm, give respite, occupy, evacuate after 48 hrs
Poisoning methods
Ingestion, inhalation, injection, absorption
Treatment of poisoning
Ask what’s happened, cool lips, do not induce vomiting, recovery position, be prepared to cpr, arrange urgent transport to hospital
