First Aid Rapid Review Key Associations Flashcards
Actinic (solar) keratosis
Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
Cushing’s ulcer (increase ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion)
Acute gastric ulcer associated with sever burns
Curling’s ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)
Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon
Skip lesions (Crohn’s disease)
Anuerysm, dissecting
Hypertension
Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta
Atherosclerosis
Aortic aneurysm, arch
Tertiary syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction
Aortic aneurysm, ascending
Marfan’s syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)
Atrophy of the mammillary bodies
Wernicke’s encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)
Atrophy of the mammillary bodies
Wernicke’s encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)
Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)
Sickle cell anemia (hemoglobin S)
Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)
Sickle cell anemia (hemoglobin S)
Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer
H. pylori
Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)
Strep pneumoniae
Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)
Group B strep (newborns), S. pneumoniae/Neisseria meningitidis (kids)
Benign melanocytic nevus
Spitz nevus (most common in first 2 decades)
Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency
Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand’s factor)
Brain tumor (adults)
Supratentorial: Metastasis> Astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme)>meningioma>schwannoma
Brain tumor (adults)
Supratentorial: Metastasis> Astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme)>meningioma>schwannoma
Brain tumor (kids)
Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or Supratentorial: craniopharyngioma (cerebrum)
Brain tumor (kids)
Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or Supratentorial: craniopharyngioma (cerebrum)
Breast cancer
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in US, 1 in 9 women will develop breast cancer)
Breast cancer
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in US, 1 in 9 women will develop breast cancer)
Breast mass
Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)
Breast mass
Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)
Breast tumor (benign)
Fibroadenoma
Breast tumor (benign)
Fibroadenoma
Cardiac primary tumor (kids)
Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis
Cardiac primary tumor (kids)
Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis
Cardiac manifestation of lupus
Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)
Cardiac manifestation of lupus
Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)
Cardiac tumor (adults)
Metastasis, Primary myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium, “ball and valve”)
Cardiac tumor (adults)
Metastasis, Primary myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium, “ball and valve”)
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
Chiari malformation (often presents with progressive hydrocephalus or syringomyelia)
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
Chiari malformation (often presents with progressive hydrocephalus or syringomyelia)
Chronic arrhythmia
Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)
Chronic arrhythmia
Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)
Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
DES exposure in utero
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
DES exposure in utero
Compression fracture
Osteoporosis (type 1: postmenopausal women; type 2: elderly man or woman)
Compression fracture
Osteoporosis (type 1: postmenopausal women; type 2: elderly man or woman)
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
21-hydroxylase deficiency
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
21-hydroxylase deficiency
Congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
Congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
Constrictive pericarditis
Tuberculosis (developing world); SLE (developed world)
Constrictive pericarditis
Tuberculosis (developing world); SLE (developed world)
Coronary artery involved in thrombosis
LAD>RCA>LCA
Coronary artery involved in thrombosis
LAD>RCA>LCA
Cretinism
Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism
Cretinism
Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism
Cushing’s Syndrome
- Iatrogenic Cushing’s (from corticosteroid therapy)
- Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
- ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma
- Paraneoplastic Cushing’s (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)
Cyanosis (early; less common)
Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus
Cyanosis (lare; more common)
VSD, ASD, PDA
Death in CML
Blast crisis
Death in CML
Blast crisis
Death in SLE
Lupus nephropathy
Death in SLE
Lupus nephropathy
Dementia
Alzheimer’s disease, multiple infarcts
Dementia
Alzheimer’s disease, multiple infarcts
Demyelinating disease in young women
Multiple sclerosis
Demyelinating disease in young women
Multiple sclerosis
DIC
Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery
DIC
Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery
Dietary deficit
Iron
Dietary deficit
Iron
Diverticulum in pharynx
Zenker’s diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)
Diverticulum in pharynx
Zenker’s diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)