First Aid: Rapid Review Flashcards
1
Q
Diagnose: Acute abdominal pain, ascites and hepatomegaly
A
Budd-Chiari Syndrome (post-hepatic venous thrombosis)
2
Q
Diagnose: Achilles tendon xanthoma.
A
Familial Hypercholesterolemia type II.
3
Q
Diagnose: Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC
A
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome from meningococcemia
4
Q
Diagnose: Anterior drawer sign
A
ACL injury
5
Q
Diagnose: Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints.
A
Marfan Syndrome
6
Q
Diagnose: Athlete with polycytemia
A
EPO injection
7
Q
Diagnose: Back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss
A
Pott disease
8
Q
Diagnose: bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis
A
Sarcoidosis
9
Q
Diagnose: Blue Sclera
A
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
10
Q
Diagnose: Bluish line on gingiva
A
Lead poisoning (Burton line)
11
Q
Diagnose: Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis
A
Paget Disease of Bone
12
Q
Diagnose: Bounding pulses, diastolic murmur, head bobbing.
A
Aortic regurg
13
Q
Diagnose: Butterfly facial rash and Raynaud’s on a young female
A
SLE
14
Q
Diagnose: Cafe-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartomas)
A
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (Look for pheo and optic neuromas)
15
Q
Diagnose: Cafe-au-lait spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, multiple endocrine abnormalities.
A
McCune-Albright Syndrome
16
Q
Diagnose: Calf psuedohypertrophy
A
Muscular Dystrophy
17
Q
Diagnose: Cherry-red spots on macula
A
Tay-Sachs (w/o hepatomegaly) or Niemann-Pick (w/ hepatomegaly)
18
Q
Diagnose: Chest pain on exertion.
A
Angina
19
Q
Diagnose: Chest pain, pericardial effusion, friction rub, persistent fever following an MI.
A
Dressler Syndrome
20
Q
Diagnose: Child uses hands to stand from squat.
A
Gower sign of Muscular Dystrophy
21
Q
Diagnose: Child with fever later develops red rash on face that spread to body
A
Parvovirus B19
22
Q
Diagnose: Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration
A
Huntington disease
23
Q
Diagnose: Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, and myoglobinuria.
A
McArdle Disease
24
Q
Diagnose: Cold intolerance
A
Hypothyroidism
25
Diagnose: Conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia
Internuclear opthalmoplegia (damage to MLF due to stroke or MS)
26
Diagnose: Continuous machine like heart murmur?
PDA
27
Diagnose: Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition
Myxedema (caused by Graves disease)
28
Diagnose: Dark purple skin/mouth nodules in a patient with AIDS
Kaposi sarcoma
29
Diagnose: Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation.
Kussmaul respirations (DKA)
30
Diagnose: Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea.
Pellagra (The three Ds of B3)
31
Diagnose: Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism or malnutrition
Wet Beriberi
32
Diagnose: Dog or cat bite resulting in infection
Pasteurella Multocida
33
Diagnose: Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
Sjorgen Syndrome
34
Diagnose: Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, anemia
Plummer-Vinson syndrome from iron deficiency
35
Diagnose: Elastic skin, hypermotility of joints
Ehlers-Danlos
36
Diagnose: Enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node
Virchow Node (mets from abdomen)
37
Diagnose: Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells
Mycosis fungoides (cutanous T-Cell lymphoma) or Sezary syndrome (same + atypical T cells in the blood)
38
Diagnose: Facial muscle spasm upon tapping
Hypocalcemia (Chvostek sign)
39
Diagnose: Fat, female, forty, and fertile
Cholelithiasis
40
Diagnose: Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphilis
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release)
41
Diagnose: Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash
Measles
42
Diagnose: Fever, night sweats, weight loss
B symptoms (particularly of lymphoma)
43
Diagnose: Fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis
Peyronie disease
44
Diagnose: Gout, intellectual disability, self-mutilating behavior in a boy
Lesch-Nyhan
45
Diagnose: Green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea.
Wilson Disease (Kayser-Fleischer Rings)
46
Diagnose: Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth, feet and hands.
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
47
Diagnose: Hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neurologic symptoms
Gaucher's Disease
48
Diagnose: Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracs.
Alport syndrome (mutation in collagen IV)
49
Diagnose: Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility.
Kluver-Bucy syndrome (amygdala)
50
Diagnose: Hyperreflexia, hypertonia, Babinski sign
UMN lesion
51
Diagnose: hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy, fasciculations
LMN lesion
52
Diagnose: Hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia
Chronic bronchitis
53
Diagnose: Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion
If painless Syphilis, if painful w/ exudate Haemophilus Ducreyi.
54
Diagnose: Infant with cleft lip/palate, microcephaly or holoprosencephaly, polydactyly, cutis aplasia.
Patau syndrome
55
Diagnose: Infant with failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, and neurodegeneration.
Niemann-Pick disease
56
Diagnose: Infant with hypoglycemia, failure to thrive, and hepatomegaly.
Cori (de-branching enzyme) or Von Gierke (glucose-6-phosphatase)
57
Diagnose: Infant with microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, and structural heart defect
Edwards Syndrome
58
Diagnose: Jaundice, palpable distended non-tender gallbladder.
Courvoisier sign (distal obstruction of biliary tree)
59
Diagnose: Large rash with bull's-eye appearance.
Erythema Migrans from Lyme
60
Diagnose: Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury.
Epidural hematoma
61
Diagnose: Male child, recurrent infection, no mature B cells.
Brutons disease (X-linked agammaglobulinemia)
62
Diagnose: Mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time.
Glanzmann Thrombasthenia (defective GpIIb/IIIa)
63
Diagnose: Muffled heart sounds, distended neck veins, hypotension.
Becks triad of cardiac tamponade
64
Diagnose: Multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/supernumary teeth.
Gardner syndrome (Sub-type of FAP)
65
Diagnose: Myopathy (infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), exercise intolerance.
Pompe Disease (acid maltase AKA alpha-glucosidase)
66
Diagnose: Neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth
Erb-Duchenne Palsy (C5-C6 superior trunk)
67
Diagnose: No lactation post-partum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance
Sheehan Syndrome (Pituitary Infarction)
68
Diagnose: Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, bilateral internuclear opthalmoplegia.
Multiple Sclerosis
69
Diagnose: Oscillating slow and fast breathing.
Cheyne-Stokes respirations (In CHF or with high intracranial pressure)
70
Diagnose: Painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia.
Cold Agglutinin disease caused by Mycoplasma Pneumonia.
71
Diagnose: Painful, pale, cold fingers and toes.
Raynaud's Phenomenon
72
Diagnose: Painful, raised red lesions on pad of fingers or toes.
Oslers nodes of infective endocarditis.
73
Diagnose: Painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles.
Janeway Lesions of infective endocarditis.
74
Diagnose: Painless jaundice
Cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing the bile duct. Or Gilbert Syndrome.
75
Diagnose: Palpable purpura on buttocks/legs, joint pain, abdominal pain (child), hematuria.
Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (IgA Vasculitis)
76
Diagnose: Pancreatic, pituitary and parathyroid tumors.
MEN 1 (Autosomal dominant)
77
Diagnose: Periorbital and/or peripheral edema, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia.
Nephrotic Syndrome
78
Diagnose: Pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation.
Emphysema ("pink puffer")
79
Diagnose: Polyuria, renal tubular acidosis type II, growth failure, electrolyte imbalance, hypophosphatemic rickets.
Fanconi Syndrome (proximal tubule reabsorption defect)
80
Diagnose: Pruritic, purple, polygonal planar papules and plaques.
Linchen Planus
81
Diagnose: Ptosis, Miosis, Anhidrosis
Horner Syndrome
82
Diagnose: Pupil accomodates but does not react.
Argyll Robertson pupil (neurosyphilis)
83
Diagnose: Rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends following GI / upper respiratory infection.
Guillain Barre Syndrome
84
Diagnose: Rash on palms and soles
Coxsackie A, 2o Syphilis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever
85
Diagnose: Recurrent colds, unusual eczema, high serum IgE.
Hyper-IgE syndrome (Job syndrome, autosomal dominant deficiency in Th17 cells)
86
Diagnose: Red "currant jelly" sputum in alcoholic or diabetic patients
Klebsiella Pneumoniae
87
Diagnose: Red "currant jelly" stools
Acute mesenteric ischemia or intussusception depending on the age.
88
Diagnose: Red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola
Paget disease of the breast
89
Diagnose: Red urine in the morning, fragile RBCs
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
90
Diagnose: Renal cell carcinoma (bilateral), hemangioblastoma, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma.
von Hippel-Lindau disease
91
Diagnose: Resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability.
Parkinson Disease
92
Diagnose: Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers.
Roth Spots (bacterial endocarditis)
93
Diagnose: Severe Jaundice in a neonate
Crigler-Najal syndrome (unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
94
Diagnose: Severe RLQ pain with palpation of LLQ.
Rovsing sign (acute appendicitis)
95
Diagnose: Severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness.
McBurney sign (acute appendicitis)
96
Diagnose: Short stature, increase incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia.
Fanconi Anemia (Genetic loos of DNA cross-link repair; progresses to AML)
97
Diagnose: Single palmar crease
Down syndrome
98
Diagnose: Situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, infertility
Kartagener's Syndrome (dyenin arm defect affecting cilia)
99
Diagnose: Skin hyperpigmentation, hypotension, fatigue
Addison Disease (1o adrenocortical insufficiency causes increase ACTH and alpha-MSH)
100
Diagnose: Slow, progressive muscle weakness in boys
Becker's Muscular Dystrophy
101
Diagnose: Small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white center.
Koplik's Spots (measles, rubeola)
102
Diagnose: Smooth, flat, moist, painless white lesion on genitals
Condyloma Lata (2o syphilis)
103
Diagnose: Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails
Bacterial Endocarditis
104
Diagnose: "Strawberry tongue"
Kawasaki vasculitis, toxic shock syndrome or Scarlett fever
105
Diagnose: Streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidneys, cystic hygroma at birth, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema.
Turner Syndrome (45 XO)
106
Diagnose: Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi
Gout (hyperuricemia)
107
Diagnose: Swollen gums, mucosal bleeding, poor wound healing, petechiae.
Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency)
108
Diagnose: Swollen, hard, painful finger joints
Osteoarthritis
109
Diagnose: Systolic Ejection Murmur (crescendo-decrecendo)
Aortic Stenosis
110
Diagnose: Thyroid and parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma
MEN 2A (aut dom ret mutation)
111
Diagnose: Thyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma, ganglioneuromatosis
MEN 2B (aut dom ret mutation)
112
Diagnose: Toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape
Babinski sign for UMN lesion
113
Diagnose: Unilateral facial drooping involving forehead
Facial nerve LMN palsy
114
Diagnose: Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in a male
Reactive arthritis associated with HLA B 27
115
Diagnose: Vascular birth mark (port-wine stain)
Hemangioma (bening, but associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome)
116
Diagnose: Vomiting blood following gastroesophageal lacerations.
Mallory-Weiss Syndrome (alcoholic or bulimic syndrome)
117
Diagnose: Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy
Whipple Disease
118
Diagnose: "Worst headache of my life"
Sub-arachnoid hemorrhage
119
Lab: Anticentromere antibodies
CREST syndrome (limited scleroderma) Bonus: What does CREST stand for.
120
Lab: Antidemoglin (epithelial) antibodies
Phemphigus vulgaris (w/ + Nikolsky sign)
121
Lab: Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
Goodpasture syndrome (Rapidly Progressive Cresenteric Glomerulonephritis)
122
Lab: Antihistone antibodies
Drug induced SLE (Hydralazine, INH, Phenytoin, Procainamide)
123
Lab: Anti-IgG antibodies
Rheumatoid Arthritis (Systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)
124
Lab: antimitochondrial antibodies
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)
125
Lab: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)
```
MPO-ANCA/P-ANCA = Microscopic Polyangitis or Churg-Strauss
PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA = Granulomatosis with polyangitis
```
126
Lab: Antinuclear antibodies (ANA: Anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)
SLE (Type III Hypersensitivity)
127
Lab: Anti-platelet antibodies
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura
128
Lab: Anti-topoisomerase antibodies
Diffuse Systemic Scleroderma
129
Lab: Anti-transglutaminase/anti-giadin/anti-endomesial antibodies
Celiac disease
130
Lab: "Apple core" lesion on abdominal x-ray
Colorectal cancer
131
Lab: Azurophilic peroxidase (+) granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblast
Auer rods AML (especially M3 t(15,17) = PML-RARA)
132
Lab: Bacitracin response
Sensitive: Strep pyo
Resistant: GBS
133
Lab: "Bamboo spine" on xray
Ankylosing Spondylitis (Chronic inflammatory arthritis, HLA-B27)
134
Lab: Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBC
Howell-Jolly bodies (2o to splenectomy)
135
Lab: Basophilic stippling on RBCs
Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
136
Lab: Bloody tap on LP
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
137
Lab: "Boot-shaped" heart on x-ray
RVH (such as Tetralogy of Fallot)
138
Lab: Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules
Actinomyces Isrealii
139
Lab: "Brown" tumor of bone
Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)
140
Lab: Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging
Pancoast tumor (Horner syndrome)
141
Lab: Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
Chagas disease (Trypanosoma Cruzi)
142
Lab: Cellular crescents in Bowman capsule
RPGN
143
Lab: Chocolate cyst of ovary
Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
144
Lab: Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
Homer-Wright Rosettes (Neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)
145
Lab: colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
Cystic Fibrosis (autosomal recessive mutation in CFTR gene -> fat soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
146
Lab: Decreased AFP in amniotic fluid and/or maternal serum
Down Syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality
147
Lab: Degeneration of dorsal column nerves
Tabes Dorsalis (3o Syphilis), or Subacute combined degeneration (B12 or E)
148
Lab: Depigmentation of neurons in the substantial nigra
Parkinson's Disease (basal ganglia disorder, rigidity, bradykinesia, resting tremor)
149
Lab: Desquamated Epithelium Cast in Sputum
Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucus plugs)
150
Lab: Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)
151
Lab: Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cancer)
152
Lab: Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
"Owl Eye" appearance of CMV
153
Lab: Enlarged thyroid cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
"Orphan Annie" eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
154
Lab: Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cells.
Mallory Body (alcoholic liver disease)
155
Lab: Eosinophilic Cytoplasmic Inclusion in nerve cell.
Lewy Body (Parkinson disease)
156
Lab: Eosinophilic globule in liver
Councilman Body (toxic viral hepatitis, often yeller fever)
157
Lab: Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar nerve cells.
Negri bodies of rabies
158
Lab: Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
Senile Plaques of Alzheimer disease
159
Lab: Giant B cell with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions ("owl's eye")
Reed-Sternberg Cell of Hodgkin Lymphoma
160
Lab: Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
Schiller-Duval bodies of a yolk sac tumor
161
Lab: "Hair on end" (crew cut) appearance on x-ray
Beta-thalassemia or Sickle Cell (marrow expansion)
162
Lab: hCG elevated
Choriocarcinoma or a hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo, and multiple pregnancy)
163
Lab: Heart nodules (granulomatous)
Aschoff Bodies (Rheumatic fever)
164
Lab: Heterophile Antibodies
Infectious Mononucleosis (EBV)
165
Lab: Hexagonal, double pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions.
Bronchial Asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)
166
Lab: High level of D-Dimer
DIC, PVT or PE
167
Lab: Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
Ghon Complex (1o TB)
168
Lab: "Honeycomb lung" on x-ray or CT
Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis
169
Lab: Hypercoagulability leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis
Trousseau Syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)
170
Lab: Hypersegmented Neutrophils
B12 of Folate Def
171
Lab: Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis.
Conn Syndrome (hyperaldosteronism)
172
Lab: Hypochromic microcytic anemia
Iron deficiency, lead poisoning, thalassemia
173
Lab: Increased AFP in amniotic fluid and/or maternal serum
Dating error, spin bifida, anencephaly
174
Lab: Increased Uric Acid levels
Gout, Lesch-Nyhan, tumor lysis syndrome, loop diuretics, thiazide diuretics
175
Lab: Intracellular eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
Cowdry Type A bodies (HSV or CMV)
176
Lab: Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
Ferroginous bodies (asbestosis, increasing chance of mesothelioma)
177
Lab: Keratin pearls on skin biopsy
Squamous cell carcinoma
178
Lab: Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)
179
Lab: "Lead pipe" appearance of colon on barium enema x-ray
Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)
180
Lab: Linear appearance on IgG deposition on glomerular basement membrane
Goodpasture Syndrome
181
Lab: Low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson Disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
182
Lab: "Lumpy Bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescense
Pos-Streptococcoal Glomerulonephritis (depositions of IgG and C3 immune complex)
183
Lab: Lytic "hole punched" bone lesions on x-ray
Multiple Myeloma
184
Lab: Mammary Gland "blue domed" cyst
Fibrocystic change of the breast
185
Lab: Monoclonal Antibody Spike
```
Multiple myeloma (IgG or IgA)
Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS consequence of aging)
Waldenstrom (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia
Primary Amyloidosis
```
186
Lab: Mucin Filled Cell with Peripheral Nucleus
Signet Ring Cell (Gastric Carcinoma)
187
Lab: Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray
"String Sign" Crohn's Disease
188
Lab: Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
Granulomatosis with Polyangitis (Wegener's, PR3-ANCA, c-ANCA) or Goodpasture Syndrome (anti-GBM)
189
Lab: Needle Shaped Negatively Birefringent Crystals
Gout (Monosodium urate crystal)
190
Lab: Nodular Hyalinedeposits in glomeruli
Kimmelstein-Wilson Nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
191
Lab: Novobiocin Response
```
Sensitive = Staph Epidermidis
Resistant = Staph Saprophyticus
```
192
Lab: "Nutmeg" appearance of liver
Chronic congestion of liver due to right heart failure
193
Lab: "Onion skin" periosteal reaction
Ewing Sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)
194
Lab: Optochin response
Sensitive: Strep Pneumo
Resistant: Strep Viridans or Strep Sanguis
195
Lab: Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area
Codman triangle on xray (osteosarcoma, Edwing sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)
196
Lab: Podocyte fusion or effacement on electron microscopy.
Minimal Change Disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)
197
Lab: Polished. "ivory-like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
198
Lab: Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein.
Neurofibrillary Tangles (Alzheimer's Disease) and Pick Bodies (Pick Disease)
199
Lab: Psammoma Bodies
Papillary thyroid tumors
Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of ovary
Meningioma
Malignant Mesothelioma
200
Lab: Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
Glioblastoma Multiforme
201
Lab: RBC casts in urine
Acute Glomerulonephritis
202
Lab: Rectangular, crystal like, cytoplasmic inclusion in Leydig cells
Reinke Crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
203
Lab: Renal Epithelial Cast in Urine
Acute Toxic/Viral Renal Injury
204
Lab: Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringement
Pseudogout (Calcium Pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)
205
Lab: Rib Notching
Coarctation of the aorta
206
Lab: Ring-enhancing lesions in AIDS
Toxoplasma gondii or CNS Lymphoma
207
Lab: Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages ("Starry sky" histology)
Burkitt Lymphoma (t(8,14) causes c-myc activation, associated with EBV, "black sky" are the malignant cells)
208
Lab: Silver staining spherical aggregation of tau protein in neurons.
Pick bodies (Pick disease: progressive dementia with changes in personality)
209
Lab: "Soap bubble" in femur or tibia on x-ray
Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign, epiphyseal, 20-40 years old)
210
Lab: "Spikes" on basement membrane, "dome like" sub epithelial deposits.
Membranous Glomerulonephritis
211
Lab: Stacks of RBCs
Rouleaux Formation (High ESR, Multiple Myeloma)
212
Lab: Stippled vaginal epithelial cells
Clue cells of bacterial vaginosis with Gardnerella Vaginalis
213
Lab: "Tennis Racket" shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells
Birbeck Granules (Langerhans cell histiocytosis or histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)
214
Lab: Thrombi made of white/red layers
Lines of Zhan (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)
215
Lab: "Thumb sign" on lateral x-ray
Epiglottitis (H Flu)
216
Lab: Thyroid-like appearance of the kidney
Chronic Bacterial Pyelonephritis
217
Lab: "Tram track" appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membrane on light microscopy.
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis
218
Lab: Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
Fatty Liver Disease (alcoholic or metabolic)
219
Lab: "Waxy" cast with very low urine flow
Chronic End-Stage Renal disease.
220
Lab: WBC Cast in urine
Acute Pyelonephritis
221
Lab: WBCs that look "smudged"
CLL (Almost always B cell)
222
Lab: "Wire loop" glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy.
Lupus Nephropathy
223
Lab: Yellowish CSF
Xanthochromia (eg. due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)
224
Treatment for absence seizures
Ethosuximide
225
Treatment for acute gout attack
NSAIDs, Steroid, Colchine
226
Treatment for Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia M3
All-trans retinoic acid
227
Treatment for ADHD
Methylphenidate, amphetamines
228
Treatment for Alcohol use disorder
AA + disulfiran, naltrexone or acamprosate
229
Treatment for Alcohol withdrawal
Benzodiazepines
230
Treatment for anorexia
Nutrition, psychotherapy
231
Treatment for anticoagulation during pregnancy
Heparin
232
Treatment for arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue
Class Ib (Lidocaine, Mexiletine, Tocainide)
233
Treatment for B12 deficiency (supplement + ?)
B12 supplement + Schilling test
234
Treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia
Tamsulosin, Finasteride
235
Treatment for bipolar disorder
Lithium, Valproate, Carbamazepine, Lamotigrine
236
Treatment for breast cancer in postmenopausal women
Anastrozole (aromatase inhibitor)
237
Treatment for Buerger disease
Smoking Cessation
238
Treatment for bulimia nervosa
SSRI
239
Treatment for candida albicans
Amphotericin B for systemic, nystatin for oral thrush and azoles for vaginitis.
240
Treatment for carcinoid syndrome
Octreotide
241
Treatment for Chalmydai trachomatis
Doxycycline (+ ceftriaxone for gonorrhea), Erythromycin drops for prophylaxis in neonates.
242
Treatment for chronic gout.
Probenecid (to improve secretion) or Allupurinol (to reduce production), Febuxostat
243
Treatment for chronic hepatitis
IFN-alpha
244
Treatment for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
Imatinib (anti BCR-ABL)
245
Treatment for clostridium botulinum
Antitoxin
246
Treatment for clostridium difficile
Oral metronidazole or oral vancomycin
247
Treatment for clostridium tetani
Antitoxin + vaccine booster + diazepam
248
Treatment for CMV
Gancyclovir or Foscarnet
249
Treatment for Crohn Disease
Corticosteroids, infliximab, methotrexate, azathioprine
250
Treatment for Cryptococcus neoformans
Flucytosine + Amphotericin B followed by Fluconazole prophylaxis
251
Treatment for Cyclophosphamide induced hemorrhagic cystitis
Mesna
252
Treatment for depression
SSRI
253
Treatment for diabetes insipidus
DDAVP (central), hydrochlorathiazide, indomethacin, amiloride (nephrogenic)
254
Treatment for diabetes mellitus type 1
Dietary intervention + insulin
255
Treatment for diabetes mellitus type 2
Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemics, and finally insulin if refractory.
256
Treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis
Fluids, insulin, K+
257
Treatment for enterococci
Vancomycin/ampicillin + aminoglycoside
258
Treatment for erectile dysfunction
Sidenafil, vardenafil
259
Treatment for ER+ breast cancer
Tamoxifen
260
Treatment for Ethylene Glycol/methanol intoxication
Fomepizole
261
Prophylaxis for Haemophilus influenza type B
Rifampin
262
Treatment for generalized anxiety disorder
Buspirone
263
Treatment for Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
Cyclophophamide, Corticosteroids
264
Treatment for heparin toxicity
Protamine sulfate
265
Treatment for HER2/neu + breast cancer
Trastuzumab
266
Treatment for hyperaldosteronism
Spironalactone
267
Treatment for hypercholesterolemia
Statins
268
Treatment for hypertriglyceridemia
Fibrates
269
Treatment for immediate anticoagulation
Heparin
270
Treatment for infertility
Leuprolide (pulsatile, GnRH agonist) Clomiphene
271
Treatment for influenza
Ramantadine, Oseltamivir
272
Treatment for legionella pneumonia
Erythromycin
273
Treatment for long term anticoagulation
Coumadin = Warfarin
274
Treatment for malaria
Chloroquine/Mefloquine + Primaquine (for liver hypnozoite)
275
Treatment for malignant hyperthermia
Dantrolene
276
Treatment for medical abortion
Mifepristone
277
Treatment for migraine
Sumatriptan
278
Treatment for MRSA
Vancomycin
279
Treatment for multiple sclerosis
INF-beta, immunosuppression, natalizumab (anti-alpha4-integrin)
280
Treatment for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol
281
Treatment for Neisseria Gonorrhoeae
Ceftriaxone (add doxycycline for chlamydia)
282
Treatment for Neisseria Meningitidis (active & prophylaxis)
Penicillin/Ceftriaxone, Rifampin (prophylaxis)
283
Treatment for neural tube defect prevention
Folic Acid
284
Treatment for osteomalacia/rickets
Vitamin D
285
Treatment for Osteoporosis
Allendronate + Calcium + Vitamin D
286
Treatment for patent ductus arteriosum
Indomethacin
287
Treatment for pheochromocytoma
Phenoxybenzamine (irreversible alpha antagonist)
288
Treatment for pneumocystis jirovecii
TMP-SMX (prophylaxis in AIDS patients)
289
Treatment for prolactinoma
Bromocriptine
290
Treatment for prostate cancer or uterine fibroids
Leuprolide (GnRH agonist, continuous)
291
Treatment for prostate carcinoma
Flutamide
292
Treatment for pseudomonas aeruginosa
(Ticarcillin or Piperacillin) + Aminoglycoside
293
Treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension (3 options)
Sildenafil, Bosantan, Epoprostenol
294
Treatment for Rickettsia rickettsi
Doxycycline or Chloramphenicol
295
Treatment for ringworm infections
Terbinafine, Griseofulvin, Imidazole
296
Treatment for Schizophrenia (negative symptoms)
Atypical antipsychotics (Olanzepine, Clonazepine, Quietapine, Ripseridone, Arepiprazole, Ziprasidone)
297
Treatment for Schizophrenia (positive symptoms)
Typical Antipsychotics (Halaperidol, Fluphenazine, Trifluoperazine, Thioridazine, Chlorpromazine)
298
Treatment for SIADH
Demeclocycline, lithium, vasopressin receptor antagonist
299
Treatment for Sickle cell anemia
Hydroxyurea
300
Treatment for Sporothrix schenckii
Oral potassium iodine
301
Treatment for stable angina
Sublingual Nitroglycerin
302
Treatment for Staphylococcus Aureus
MSSA: Nafcillin, Oxacillin, Dicloxacillin
MRSA: Vancomycin
303
Treatment for Streptococcus Bovis
Penicillin prophylaxis; evaluation for colon cancer if linked to endocarditis
304
Treatment for Streptococcus Pnuemoniae
Penicillin or Cephalosporin for systemic infections. Vancomycin for meningitis.
305
Prophylaxis for Streptococcus Pyogenes
Penicillin
306
Treatment for temporal arteritis
High dose steroids
307
Treatment for tonic-clonic seizures
Phenytoin, Valproate, Carbamazepine
308
Treatment for Toxoplasma Gondii
Pyrimethamine + Sulfadiazine
309
Treatment for Treponema Pallidum
Penicillin G
310
Treatment for Trichomonas Vaginalis
Metronidazole (+ treat partner)
311
Treatment for trigeminal neuralgia
Carbamazepine
312
Treatment for ulcerative colitis
5-ASA=Mesalazine, infliximab, colectomy
313
Prophylaxis for UTI
TMP-SMX
314
Treatment for warfarin toxicity
Fresh frozen plasma (acute) Vitamin K (chronic)
