first aid part one Flashcards
ratio of compressions to breaths during cpr
30 to 2
how should the head be placed for cpr?
head tilt and chin lift
how should a person be lying if they are vomiting?
on their side
first aid is directed at controlling _________ and preventing ________
bleeding and infection
where is the brachial artery?
inside of the upper arm
where is the carotid artery located?
side of neck
where is the femoral artery located?
the thigh
direct pressure
applying pressure directly on the wound
elevation
raise the injured part above the level of the victims heart
pressure point
apply pressure to the nearest pressure point so the blood supply can be cut off
pressure bandage
apply pressure bandage to hold the dressings in place
arterial bleeding
spurts out, heavy blood loss, bright red, must be controlled quick
venous bleeding
slower bleeding, dark red, steadier
capillary bleeding
oozes, clots easier
abrasion
scrape on the skin
laceration
wound that involves tearing of the tissues by way of excessive force; jagged irregular injury with tearing.
puncture
wound caused by sharp pointed object
amputation
body part cut off
what are some signs of infection?
redness, swelling, puss, warm/fever, red streaks
what is shock?
also called hypoperfusion, can be defined as a clinical set of signs and symptoms associated with an inadequate supply of blood to body organs especially brain and heart
what organs does shock most effect?
brain and heart
anaphylactic shock
caused by a severe allergic reaction during which your body releases histamine causing vasodilation
treatment is to push antihistamines
hemorrhagic shock
cause is bleeding or loss of blood plasma. decrease in blood volume causes blood pressure to drop, decreases blood flow to body cells.
treatment is push fluids and give blood once the bleeding has stopped
septic shock
cause is infection that spreads to the blood. poisons toxins in blood causes vasodilation, blood pressure drops, less oxygen to body cells
treatment is to push antibiotics to rid the infection
in triage, black tags mean
the person is dead
in triage, the red tag means
the person is in critical condition and needs attention immediately
in triage, the yellow tag means
the person needs attention but the attention can be delayed until red tags are taken care of
in triage, the green tag means
the person is stable and only has minor injuries
what is the difference between closed wounds and open wounds?
closed wound= no break in skin
open wound= break in skin
what are signs and symptoms of internal bleeding?
tenderness, deformity, excessive thirst, cold and clammy skin, rapid weak pulse, swelling
