First Aid Interest Flashcards
What does BUFF stand for
Big
Ugly
Fat
Fluffy
What are the 3 types of bleeding
Arterial
Venous
Capillary
What are the 4Hs
Hands
Hazards
Hello
Help
What are the 4Ws
What
When
Where
Why
When do you use the 4Ws
During DEMIST when handing over to the ambulance
When do you use Demist
When handing over to the ambulance
When there is any kind of fracture what do you do?
Stabilise and immobilise
What does MOI stand for?
Method
Of
Injury
What does STOP stand for?
Stop
Think
Observe
Plan
What does SAMPLE stand for?
Signs, symptoms
Allergies
Medication
Past relevant medical history
Last intake output
Events leading up
What does EMS stand for?
Emergency
Medical
Services
What does ESM stand for?
Emergency
Seen
Management
What is the average humans breaths per minute?
12-20
What is the average humans pulse per minute?
60-100
When handing over to EMS you use DEMIST what does this stand for?
Demographic
Moi
Injury’s, illness
Signs and symptoms
Treatment given
What does CAB stand for?
Circulation
Airway
Breathing
What does CPR stand for?
Cardio
Pulmonary
Resusetation
What does AVPU stand for?
Alert
Verbal
Pain
Unresponsive
What are the critical 3Bs?
Bleeding
Breaks
Burns
What does RBC stand for?
Responsiveness
Breathing
Critical’s
What are the 3Ps
Preserve life
Prevent further harm
Promote recovery
What are the 4 stages of triage
Green- minor to no injury’s
Yellow- serious but not fatal injury’s
Red- fatal injury’s
Blue or black- dead
Adult CPR
Dominant hand on the bottom.
Elbows locked.
Shoulders directly above person.
Compress 1 3rd of chest.
Should hear cracking or clicking.
30 completions 2 breaths.
Use palm of hand.
120 completions per minute
Infant CPR
2 fingers
120 completions per minute
15 completions 2 breaths
Adult choking
5 back slaps with palm of your hand driving up the back
If does not work
Hinigh manuvr
If they stop breathing do CPR with only completions no breaths
Infant choking
5 back slaps with palm of hand
5 front slaps with palm of hand
Hold the head
If stop breathing do CPR
What does DOTS stand for?
Deformites
Open wounds
Tenderness
Swelling
How to treat a wound?
Clean from the inside out. Don’t use cotton. Make a dressing and the bandage to apply pressure
Types of burns?
Thermal
Chemical
Electrical
Radial
How to treat a thermal burn?
Run under room temperature water then apply burn shield
How to treat chemical burns?
Get all chemical off by running under water. Remove any clothing with chemical on. Apply burn shield if possible. Get help
How to treat electrical burns?
Turn of any electricity mains or plugs before going close. Look for entry and exit point of the energy.
Treat like thermal, get help
Symptoms of shock
Cold moist clammy skin.
Unaware of serounding
Stumbling over words
Couler Less skin
When do you put someone in recovery position?
When the are vomiting or regergitating fluids
What is cardiogenic shock
Heart can’t pump blood properly
What is hyoervolemic shock
Serious bleeding
What is anaphylactic shock?
Allergic reactions
What is septic shock?
Infections
What is neurogenic shock
Spinal damage
What is phychogenic shock
Anxiety, bad news, ECT
How to care for shock
Treat any injury’s
Treat gently
Insulate from the ground and keep warm
If unconscious put it recovery position
Don’t let them eat or drink
Causes of unconsciosneee?
Heart attack
Near drowning
Stroke
Airway obstruction
Drug overdose
Electrocution
Trauma
What are the signs and symptoms of fainting?
Sweating
Pale
Nauseous
Dizziness
Treatment of fainting
Keep warm
Loosen tight clothing
Monitor vitals
Elevate their legs
If they fell check for injury’s
If not awake after 5min out in recovery position and get help
When do we suspect a head or spinal injury?
Motor accident
Falling
Penatrating wound to the spine
Big hit on the head
Lightning strike
Signs and symptoms of a concussion
Loss of consciousness (full or part)
Headache 🤕
Dizziness
Seeing stars
Loss of memory
Loss of coordination
Signs and symptoms of a head Compression
Same as concussion
Decreasing level of consciousness
Pupils unequal sizes
One or both pupils not responding to light
Signs and symptoms of a skull fracture
Deformity of head
Bone edges around area of wound
Clear fluids from ears and nose
Unequal pupils
Dazed, confused
Bruising around the eyes
Seizures
Treatment of head injury’s
Get EMS
Keep in semi sitting position
Elevate head, if spine not involved
Apply pressure around wound for skull fracture not in middle
Stabilise Andy imbedded objects
Use dressing on ears if liquid is coming out, let liquid drain
What are the 5 parts of the spine in order?
Cervical vertebra
Thoracic vertebrae
Lumbar vertebrae
Sacrum
Coccyx
Singes and symptoms of spinal and neck injury’s
Loss of consciousness
Difficulty breathing
Vision problems
Headache 🤕
Vomiting
Pain in the neck or back
Loss of balance
Tingling or numbness in end of limbs
How can you treat a neck or spinal injury?
tilt head to open airway if needed
Hold C spine
Tell passant to not move
Get EMS
What does RICE stand for?
Rest
Ice
Compress
Elevate
Singes and symptoms of strains
Localized pain
Swelling
Loss of mobility
Black or blue discoloration
Signs and symptoms of sprains
Sharp pain
Rapid swelling
Muscle tenderness
Stiffness
General pain
What is the difference between a sprain and a strain?
A strain is ether a over stretched or torn muscle or tendon
A sprain is the stretching or taring of ligaments
Treatment of sprains
Care for other injury’s
Use RICE
Singes and symptoms of dislocations
Deformity or abnormal appearance
Loss of normal function
Moving increases pain, tenderness
Swelling of the joint
Treatment for dislocations
Check circulation
splint as if fractured
Use RICE
Do not move joint
Get EMS
Signs and symptoms of fractures
Pain
Tenderness or discomfort
Swelling
Loss of power and or mobility
Deformity of the limb
Shortening of the limb
Irregularity of the bone
Unnatural movement at seat of fracture
Open wounds with bone protruding
Crepitus (the sound of bone grating on bone)
Treatment of fractures
Care for other life threatening injury’s
Treat for shock
Control bleeding and cover any wounds
Stabilise and immobilise the fracture
Use RICE
Go to hospital
What are the 3 do nots regarding fractures
Do not move any one with a broken pelvis, hip or upper leg injury
Do not straighten the fracture
Do not push bone back in
What are the signs and symptoms of hypoglycaemia?
Not had enough sugar
It is sudden
Pale cold clammy
Shallow breathing
Confused, aggressive, disorientated
Headache, irritable, trembling
Signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia?
Too much sugar
Gradual
Flushed, dry, warm
Rapid deep breaths
Drowsiness, confused, coma
Thirst, nausea, vomiting, frequent urination
How to treat diabetes
Get EMS
Take away or give sugar
If unconscious, recovery position put sugar on gums
If in doubt give sugar
Heart disease (angina) signed and symptoms
Sharp stabbing pain
Lasts 1 to 10 minutes
Usually goes away with rest
Heart disease (angina) treatment
Do SAMPLE history
Calm and reassure person
If no history of angina get EMS
After 10 min get help
What is angina
Temporarily starves the heart of oxygen, courses by exercise or physical exertion.
(Person at high risk of heart attack)
Heart attack signed and symptoms
Crushing pain in the chest
Difficulty breathing
Shortness of breath
Severe sweating
Pale skin
Does NOT go away with rest
Heart attack treatment
Get EMS
Calm and reassure person
Do SAMPLE history
What does FAST dealing with strokes stand for?
Face
Arms
Speech
Time
Stroke signs and symptoms
Sudden Weakness, numbness in face
Sudden condition, tiredness
Impaired speech
Blurred vision on or both eyes
Bad headache
Lack or coronation
Facial drooping
Stroke treatment
Get EMS
Treat for shock
Do SAMPLE history
Calm and reassure person
Asthma signs and symptoms
Difficulty breathing (fast or shallow)
Shortness of breath
Wheezing or gasping
Need to pause while speaking
Treatment of asthma
Do SAMPLE history
Calm and reassure person
Help person sit in upright position
Get EMS
Use asthma pump if have
Treatment for seizure
Cushion person’s head with soft
Do not hold person down
Do not anything between teeth
Loosen tight clothing
Turn person onto their side
Look for medic tag or bracelet
seizure ends, offer your help, don’t embarrass person, clear away bystanders
Anaphylaxis signs and symptoms
Difficulty breathing
Skin reaction (itching, burning red skin?
Swelling tongue, mouth, throat
Tightness in chest
Dizziness
Nausea and vomiting
Treatment for anaphylaxis
SAMPLE history
Alert EMS
If have use Epi-pen
What is anaphylaxis?
An allergic reaction
Heat exhaustion signs and symptoms
Rapid breathing
Nausea vomiting
Pale cool skin
Rapid pulse
Normal temperature
Weak, dizzy
muscles cramp
Treatment for heat stoke
Move to cool place
Remove exes clothing
Sponge with cool water and fan them
Give them water or electrolytic
After 30 min get EMS
Signs and symptoms of heat stroke
Rapid pulse
Dry skin
Sweaty skin
Noisy breathing
Vomiting
Convulsions
Unconscious, unresponsive
High body temperature
Weakness, dizziness, headache
Altered level of conciseness
Treatment of heat stroke
Move person to cool place
Alert EMS
Remove excess clothing
Wet towels and fan
Monitor breathing and temperature
Do not over cool
Hypothermia (cold) signs and symptoms
Shivering
Lethargic
Cold pale skin
Blue lips
Severe hypothermia signs
No shivering
Decreased LOC
Weak slow pulse
Slow breathing
Treatment for hypothermia
Find shelter
Get EMS
Remove wet clothing
Warm person, inculcate from ground
Give warm liquids (no caffeine)
Contently monitor temp and breathing
Do not leave person
Do not rub
Do not give alcohol
The difference between heat exhaustion and heat
Stroke?
Heat stroke is much worse of the same symptoms
Methods of poisoning
Ingestion
Inhalation
Absorption
Injection
How do you treat all poisoning
Medical emergency
Get EMS
Call poison help line
Signs and symptoms of inhalation poisons
Difficulty breathing
Headache 🤕
Coughing 🤧
Nausea vomiting
Muscle weakness
Change in skin colour
Dizziness and blurred vision
Altered LOC
Treatment for inhalation poisons
Get EMS
Don’t enter space with gass
Move to more ventilated space
Check vitals, CPR if not breathing
SAMPLE, who, what, when, how much
Give oxygen if available
Absorbed poison, signs and symptoms
Swelling, rash, itching, burning and blisters
IN WORSE CASES
Difficulty breathing, fever, headache, weakness
Treatment for absorbed poisons
Look for hazards
Get EMS
Check vitals
Remove contaminated clothes
Brush off any remaining poison
Flush with water
Call poison control
Do SAMPLE
Signs and symptoms for ingested poisons
Burns or stains around mouth, sweating, nausea, tear, formation, breath smell chemicals, difficult breathing, vomiting, diarrhoea, convulsions, drowsiness, unconscious.
Treatment for invested poisons
Hazards, get EMS
Check vitals
Do SAMPLE
Look at label for what poison
Injected poisons signs and symptoms
Pain, itchiness, redness, swelling
Fever, painful joints, hives, swollen glands
Injected poisons treatment
Assess the scene
Alert EMS
Check vitals
Treat if there is a allergic reaction
Do SAMPLE
Get sting out
Clean wound, use RICE
Calm and reassure
What are the 2 different scorpions
Scorpionidae, large pincers, slim tail - mild toxin
Buthidae, small pincers, fat large tail - severe toxin
Scorpion sting or squirt signs and symptoms
Pain, burning sensation, numbness and tingling
Paralysis, difficulty breathing, spasms
Scorpion, squirt or sting treatment
Assess the scene, get EMS
Check vitals
Do SAMPLE
Clean wound use RICE
Calm and reassure person
Marine animal stings signs and symptoms
Burning, sharp pain, swelling, redness or rash, welts unconsciousness, respiratory difficulty, weakness, nausea, vomiting
Treatment for marine animal stings
Get EMS
Wash effected aria with vinegar, 30s
Remove any sting material
Put effected aria in hot water
Treat for any allergic reactions
What are the 3 tipes of snake venom
Cytotoxic - cells die rapidly
Neurotoxic - affects nervus system
Heamotoxic - thins blood, stops from clotting
Signs and symptoms of cytotoxic venom
Extreme pain, swelling, blistering, discolouration, drowsiness
30min till affect
Adders, some cobras
Signs and symptoms of neurotoxic venom
Pain
Drowsiness, Vomiting, Sweating, blurd vision, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing, difficulty breathing
5 to 30 min till affect
Cobras, black mamba, green mamba and rinkhals
Signs and symptoms of haemotoxic venom
Minimal or no swelling at bite site
Headache 🤕, mental confusion, nausea, vomiting, bleeding from small cuts, noes, ears and mouth
Internal bleeding
Signs any symptoms may only show 12 to 36h after bite
Boomslang and Vine snakes
Treatment for snake bites
Is snake still threat
Alert EMS
Keep person calm
Immobilise affected limb
Breathing stops, CPR
Do SAMPLE
Snake venom in eyes causes inflammation and burning pain how do you treat
Wipe exes venom of face
Rinse eye with water
Get EMS
DO NOT rub eye
DO NOT ignore incident
Explain shoulder drag
Grab under shoulders and drag
Use to move person short distance over rough or smooth ground
When should you use the piggie back cary
When person is conscious but cannot walk
When should use cradle (princes Carrie)
For children and light adults
When should you use fireman’s Carrie
Log distance
Hand free to open doors
When person is Uncontiusness
Walk assist carry
One leg is unable to walk
2 handed seat carry
Carrying conscious person
2 people monkey grip
4 arm carry
Conscious person
Grasp your for arm with one hand and other person’s for arm with free hand
People can walk side by side
Hammock carry
When you have enough people to just put there hands under the person
Extremity carry
One person in front one behind
Fron holds legs
Behind holds crossed arms
For children or light adults
Basic spinal equipment
Spinal board
Head blocks
Spider harness
Cervical collar
Methods with c spine equipment
Hold and maintain c spine
Apply the collar, use log roll to turn person on side, put bord under person, roll back and center on back bord
Secure person with spider harness
Head blocks on ether side of head
Secure with straps
4 parts of water rescue
Reach
Throw
Row
Go (last resort)
Drowning treatment
Reach, throw, row, go
Do artificial resperation untill out of water
If not breathing, do CPR
Get EMS
If responsive treat for hypothermia
What is artificial resperation
Give one breath every 5s like in CPR
How to treat functional disorders
Is it safe to approach
Get EMS
Calm and reassure
Do SAMPLE
Do NOT fight the person
Name the 7 systems in the body
Skeletal system
Mosculoskeletal system (smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle)
Nervus system
Digestive system
Circulatory system
Respratory System
Skin
What is a medic alert
A tag, bracket or necklace with all medical info
What are the 3 S?
Serious
Spine
Shock
Give the following information when calling for help
Identify yourself, give call back num
Give alternate call back num
Give address
State nature of emergency
How many people involved
What is the building number
Closest road crossing
Suburb, Province
