First aid illness Flashcards
What illness is this? And treatment?
1. Cold and clammy skin.
2. Dizziness.
3. Nausea, and possibly vomiting
You got this babe!!!
Airsickness/Motion sickness
1. Offer the casualty a cool, damp washcloth to place on their forehead.
2. If possible, reseat the casualty in the middle of the aircraft e.g. to a seat over the front
edge of the wings.
3. Tell the casualty to keep their head still while resting against a seat back and focusing
on distant objects rather than trying to read or look at something inside the aircraft.
4. Offer the casualty clear liquids such as water, apple juice, ginger ale or plain tea to drink.
5. Contact MedLink if nausea is present and becomes severe or persistent
6.Good job!!!!
What illness is this? And treatment?
1. Anxiety.
2. Red, blotchy skin.
3. Swelling of the face and neck.
4. Puffiness around eyes.
5. Red, itchy or watery eyes.
6. Impaired breathing or wheezing.
7. Rapid pulse.
8. Mild itching.
9. Anaphylactic shock.
Allergic Reactions
1. Ask casualty if they have any known allergies.
2. Monitor casualty, check breathing, pulse and level of consciousness.
3. Treat any symptoms e.g. itchy rash or impaired breathing.
4. Remove the trigger if possible or move casualty away from the trigger.
5. Ask casualty if they have any medication to treat the allergic reaction, e.g. EpiPen.
6. Contact MedLink.
What illness is this? And treatment?
1. Odour of alcohol.
2. Partial or complete unconsciousness.
3. Face flushed at first, then pale.
4. Pulse strong, then weak.
5. Breathing slow and deep, as in sound sleep.
6. Vomiting.
Alcohol Intoxication
1. Cover the casualty with a coat or blanket, reassure the casualty.
2. Assess the casualty for any injuries especially head injuries, and or other medical
conditions.
3. Monitor breathing and pulse.
What illness is this? And treatment?
1. Distress and anxiety.
2. Difficulty in breathing.
3. Wheezing as the casualty breathes out.
4. Difficulty in speaking (whispering).
5. Grey blue skin.
6. Dry, tickly cough.
7. May be exhausted.
8. Unconsciousness may develop.
9. Breathing and heart beat may stop
Asthma
1. Reassure and calm the casualty.
2. Loosen tight clothing.
3. Ask casualty to breathe slowly and deeply.
4. Use inhaler if available.
5. If unconscious with breathing, put in the recovery position.
6. CPR and AED are needed if there is no breathing.
7. Contact MedLink
What illness is this? And treatment?
1. Possible pain or tenderness in back or neck.
2. Numbness or weakness in legs and/or arms, and difficulty moving limbs.
3. Loss of sensation in the area below the injured area.
4. Irregularity in the normal curve of the spine.
5. Difficulty in breathing.
Back and Neck Injuries
1. If possible, do not move the casualty from the position in which you found them.
2. Determine the nature and severity of the injury. Ask the casualty to move their toes, feet,
legs, hands, and arms, to test for loss of movement. Check if they can feel you touching
their arms and legs.
3. Stabilize the casualty’s neck. Have your helper kneeling behind the casualty’s head and
keep their head aligned with their neck and spine.
4. Put thick padding, such as rolled-up blankets or coats, on either side of their head to
support it.
5. Contact MedLink.
What illness is this? And treatment?
1. Evidence of major external bleeding.
2. Feels faint, giddy.
3. Looks pale.
4. Skin feels cold and clammy.
5. Pulse is rapid but weak.
6. Thirsty.
7. Restless and talkative.
8. Breathing becomes shallower, sometimes accompanied by yawning and air hunger.
9. Shock may develop.
10. Possible unconsciousness
Bleeding – External
1. Check if there is any foreign object or fracture at the site of the wound.
2. If there is no foreign object or fracture seen, apply direct pressure on the wound using a
clean dressing to try to stop the bleeding.
A. If unable to use direct pressure, e.g. bleeding with fracture or with large embedded
foreign object, then use indirect pressure. The indirect pressure point for the arm
is the brachial artery. This is found on the inner side of the upper arm between the
muscles. The indirect pressure point for the leg is the femoral artery. This can be
found on the leg at a point corresponding to the centre fold of the groin.
B. Indirect pressure should not be applied for more than 10 MIN at a time. Release
for a few SEC every 5 – 10 MIN to allow circulation.
3. If possible,raise the injured part higher than the heart. This will help slow down the
bleeding.
4. Treat for shock.
5. When bleeding stops or slows down, apply a further dressing (leaving the original
dressing in place) and bandage it.
6. Tiny pieces of foreign objects stuck in the skin such as broken glass, wooden splinter
can usually be successfully removed with tweezers.
7. Never try to remove objects that are embedded in the wound. It may cause further tissue
damage and bleeding. In this case, you can try to control the bleeding by applying
pressure on either side of the wound or use a ring pad and place a piece of gauze lightly
over wound to minimize the risk of germs entering it.
8. Contact MedLink.
What illness is this? And treatment?
1. Looks pale.
2. Skin feels cold and clammy.
3. If bleeding continues, skin may turn blue-grey.
4. Pulse is rapid but weak.
5. Pain.
6. Swelling and tension may be seen or felt.
7. Thirsty.
8. Shock may develop.
9. The absence of obvious blood loss or bleeding from orifices.
10. Confusion, restlessness, possibly leading to collapse and unconsciousness.
Bleeding – Internal
1. Lay the casualty down, instruct them not to move.
2. Reassure the casualty and explain the necessity to relax.
3. Raise legs to allow more blood supply to the vital organs, if the injury allows.
4. Loosen tight clothing.
5. Keep samples of vomit and give it to emergency medical services personnel.
6. Monitor breathing and pulse.
7. Treat for shock.
8. Do not give anything by mouth.
9. Contact MedLink.
Possible cause of bleeding?
Bright red, frothy, coughed-up blood from mouth
Bleeding in the lungs
Possible cause of bleeding?
Mouth: Vomited blood, possibly dark
reddish-brown like coffee grounds
Bleeding within the digestive
system
Possible cause of bleeding?
Ear: Fresh, bright red blood
Injury to the inner ear, perforated
ear drum
Possible cause of bleeding?
Ear: Thin, watery blood
Leakage of cerebrospinal fluid
following head injury
Possible cause of bleeding?
Nose: Fresh, bright red blood
Ruptured blood vessel in the nostril
Possible cause of bleeding?
Nose: Thin, watery blood
Leakage of cerebrospinal fluid
following head injury
Possible cause of bleeding?
Anus: Fresh, bright red blood
Injury to the anus or lower bowel
Possible cause of bleeding?
Anus: Black, tarry offensive smelling stool
l Injury to the upper bowel
Possible cause of bleeding?
Urethra: Urine with a red or smoky
appearance
Bleeding from the bladder or
kidneys
Possible cause of bleeding?
Vagina: Either fresh or dark blood
Menstruation; miscarriage; disease
of, or injury to, the vagina or womb
What illness is this? And treatment?
1. Pain.
2. Swelling and skin discoloration.
3. The bruise begins as a pinkish red colour that can be very tender to touch.
Bruises
1. Place a cold compress on the bruise to help it heal faster and to reduce swelling. Apply
the cold compress for up to 15 MIN per HR. A cold compress is a clean towel soaked in
very cold water or a bag of ice wrapped in a cloth — DO NOT place ice directly on the
skin.
2. Keep the bruised area raised above the heart, if practical. This helps keep blood from
pooling in the bruised tissue.
3. Try to rest the bruised body part by not overworking muscles in that area.
4. If needed, offer Paracetamol to passenger in order to reduce pain.
5. Seek prompt medical help if there is any swelling around the bruise, especially if it occurs
at a joint. This can signal danger to nerves, muscles, and bones, all of which require a
trained physician’s attention.
What illness is this? And treatment?
1. Difficulty in breathing.
2. Difficulty in coughing.
3. Unable to speak.
4. Grasping the neck or pointing to the throat.
5. Congestion of the face and neck with veins becoming prominent.
6. Lips turn blue eventually.
7. Possible unconsciousness
Choking
Treatment for a Conscious Person Aged 1 Year and Above
1. Encourage the casualty to cough. Remove any obvious obstructions from the mouth
2. If unsuccessful, apply 5 sharp and forceful back slaps. Support person’s upper body with
one hand, and help the person to lean forward. Apply back slaps between the shoulder
blades with the heel of your hand. Stop if the obstruction clears. Check the mouth.
3. If unsuccessful, apply 5 sharp abdominal thrusts. Stand behind the casualty and make
sure that the person is bending well forward. With one hand make a fist and place the
thumb side of the fist on the casualty’s upper abdomen (between the navel and the
bottom of the breastbone). Grasp your fist firmly with the other hand and pull sharply
inward and upward against the abdomen. Stop if the obstruction clears. Check the mouth
4. If still unsuccessful, repeat 5 back slaps alternating with 5 abdominal thrusts until the
object is dislodged.
Treatment for a Conscious Infant (Below 1 Year Old)
1. Lay the infant face down on your forearm with the head low. Support the infant’s chest
and chin.
2. Apply 5 back slaps between the shoulder blades with the heel of your hand. Stop if the
obstruction clears. Check infant’s mouth for obstruction. Remove the object if seen.
3. If not successful, turn infant on its back and give 5 chest thrusts. Use two fingers and
push inwards and upwards (towards head) against the breastbone, one finger’s width
below the nipple line. Stop if the obstruction clears. Check the infant’s mouth.
4. If still unsuccessful, repeat 5 back slaps alternating with 5 chest thrusts until the object
is dislodged.
Treatment for an Unconscious Person (All Ages)
1. Put the casualty on a hard, flat surface and call for help.
2. Open airway and check for obstruction. Remove the object if seen.
3. Check for breathing for 10 SEC.
4. If casualty is not breathing:
A. Locate the point for chest compression as for CPR and give 30 compressions
(same CPR compression techniques according to the age of the casualty).
B. Open airway and check for obstruction.
C. Attempt to give 2 ventilations.
D. Repeat steps A to C until the airway is clear.
5. If the airway is clear but the casualty remains unconscious with breathing, place them in
the recovery position and continue to monitor the vital signs.
6. If the airway is clear but there is no breathing, being CPR.
7. Contact MedLink.
What illness is this? And treatment?
A. Swelling of the calf – this is usually different from the mild ankle swelling that
people may get during long haul flights.
B. Pain or tenderness in the leg – the pain is usually in one leg and may be worse
when standing or walking.
C. Redness of the affected leg
or
A. Chest pain when taking a deep breath.
B. Shortness of breath.
Deep Vein Thrombosis
1. Raise the leg (at least 6 IN) to prevent the clot from enlarging and to reduce swelling.
2. Loosen tight clothing.
3. If “Pulmonary Embolism” occurs, give oxygen.
4. Monitor breathing and pulse.
5. Contact MedLink.
Encourage passengers to carry out in-seat exercises as illustrated in the Discovery Magazine
and the Inflight health video.
What illness is this? And treatment?
1. A history of diabetes; the casualty recognizes the onset of an attack.
2. Feels weak and faint.
3. Possible hunger.
4. Muscle tremors.
5. May appear confused.
6. Sweating.
7. Looks pale.
8. Skin feels cold and clammy.
9. A stronger than normal pulse.
10. Shallow breathing.
11. Possible unconsciousness may develop.
Hypoglycaemia (Lack of Sugar)
1. Help the casualty to sit or lie down, and give them a sugary drink, sugar lumps, chocolate,
or other sweetened food.
2. If the casualty’s condition improves quickly, give more sweet food or drink, and let them
rest until fully recovered.
3. If the condition does not improve, contact MedLink.
4. Monitor breathing and pulse.
What illness is this? And treatment?
1. Dry skin.
2. Rapid pulse.
3. Deep breathing.
4. Breath smells faintly of nail varnish remover or fruity sweet breath.
5. Excessive thirst.
Hyperglycaemia (Too Much Sugar)
1. Make casualty as comfortable as possible.
2. Contact MedLink.
3. Monitor breathing and pulse.
Note 1: The casualty may have a medic alert or a warning card. The casualty, may also be
carrying sugar lumps, tablets, or an insulin syringe (which may look like a pen).
Note 2: If unsure whether the person is suffering from “too little sugar” or “too much sugar”,
treat for “too little sugar”. If the casualty is suffering from “too much sugar”, the
amount of sugar you give will not worsen the condition.
What illness is this? And treatment?
-Weak,irregular,slow pulse
-Flushed,pale,runny nose
-Pale, needle marks, sweaty
-Soiled,disarrange clothing
-Falling, unsteady balance
-Confused, incoherent speech
-Shallow, fast or slow breath
-Enlarged, bloodshot, watery, sensitive eyes.
ATTITUDE
* Dreamy
* Sleepy
* Depressed
* Talkative
* Relaxed
* Hostile
* Antagonistic
* Anxious
* Indifferent
* Irritable
* Cocky
* Confused
Actions
* Fighting
* Scratching
* Swearing
* Drooling
* Itching
* Hiccupping
* Nausea and Vomiting
* Restless
* Loss of emotional control
* Can’t follow instructions
* Hallucinating
(Hearing voices or seeing things)
Drug Intoxication or Poisoning
1. If the casualty is conscious, help the casualty into a comfortable position and ask what
they have taken.
2. Contact MedLink and inform them of your suspicion that the casualty has taken drugs
and monitor their vital signs.
3. If the casualty loses consciousness, open the airway and check breathing. Follow
treatment for unconsciousness.
4. Keep samples of any vomited material and handover to ambulance personnel.
