First aid: Element 3 Flashcards
What are the priorities of giving first aid?
- PAPP -
- Preserve life
- Alleviate suffering
- Prevent situation worsening
- Promote recovery was
Name some possible contents of a first aid box
- Guidance leaflet
- Contents leaflet
- Eye pads
- Adhesive plasters
- Gloves no
- Foil blanket
- Burn dressing
- safety bins
- Triangular bandage
What factors are important when applying first aid?
- History - What happened leading up to it? Ask them or bystanders. Any medic bracelet?
- Symptoms - What they tell you
- Signs - What you can see, feel or smell
Consent - If they are conscious ask permission. If they refuse, call 999.
What does a primary survey involve?
- Danger
- Response - Do they respond?
- Airway
- Breathing - Are they?
- Circulation - Any severe bleeding?
DR. ABC
How do you treat someone who is unconscious?
- Complete primary survey
- Call 999
- If they are not breathing, give CPR
- Treat any major bleeding or other obvious cause
- Loosen clothing
- Protect them from cold/wet
- Place them into recovery position & monitor
Name some causes of unconsciousness
FISH SHAPED - F - Fainting I - Imbalance of heat S - Shock H - Head injury
S - Stroke H - Heart attack A - Asphyxia P - Poison E - Epilepsy D - Diabetes
Name some symptoms of a heart attack
- Nausea and dizziness
- Crushing/tightening pain in chest
- Feeling of impending doom
Name some signs of a heart attack
- Pale grey skin
- Coughing
- Clutching chest
- Sudden collapse
Name some signs and symptoms of shock
- Dizziness
- Confusion and disorientation
- Nauseous
- Thirst
Signs -
- Pale, cold clammy skin
- Blueness of lips
- Weak/rapid pulse
How do you treat shock?
- Get them lying down - elevate legs
- Loosen clothing
- Reassure
- Keep warm
- Call 999
Name some signs & symptoms of an asthma attack
- Wheezing
- Difficulty breathing
- Pale - Blue lips
How do you treat an asthma attack?
- Reassure, get them comfortable
- Get them their inhaler and help to take it
- Remove from cause if known, e.g dust
- If attack persists or does not get better, call 999.
- If inhaler doesn’t help, call 999.
Name some common triggers of Anaphylaxis
Food - Nuts, shellfish, egg
Medicines - Aspirin
Insects - Bees & wasps
Latex - in gloves
Name some symptoms and signs of Anaphylaxis
- Swollen tongue or lips
- Hoarse voice
- Wheeze/cough
- Pain, nausea or vomiting
- Anaphylactic shock
- Rashes - hives etc.
How do you treat anaphylaxis?
- Ask person for auto injector
- They should self administer
- Call 999
- May need another dose after ~ 15 mins
- Be prepared to give CPR
Name some signs and symptoms of hyperventilation
- Dizziness
- Feeling faint
- Tight chest
- Fast, deep breathing
- Flushed skin
Signs and symptoms of external bleeding?
- Thirst
- Bleeding
- Shock
- Pain in area
- Weak, rapid pulse
How do you treat external bleeding?
- WEAR GLOVES
- Get them comfy
- Call 999 for severe cuts
- Examine wound
- Apply pressure
- Treat for shock
- If bleeding does not stop, apply a second dressing.
Internal bleeding - signs?
- Pale skin
- Confusion
- Shock
- bruising
- swelling
How do you treat internal bleeding?
- Call 999.
- Lie them down
- Treat for shock
How do you treat a bleeding nose?
- Sit them down with tilted head
- Ask them not to talk, breathe through mouth
- Tell them to (or do it yourself) apply pressure just below bridge
- Apply for 10 min at a time
- > 30min or severe: Call 999
What can cause a burn?
- Dry heat - fire
- wet heat - hot water, steam
- Chemical
- Electrical
- Sunburn
- Friction
Name some signs and symptoms of a burn
- Pain in burn area
- Shock
- Blistering
- Swelling
- Redness
- Shock
How do you treat a burn?
Flood burn with cool water
- If clothing is stuck, do not remove
- Remove rings, watches or jewellery for swelling
- Cover it with non-adhesive dressing, e.g cling film
- Treat for shock
If they are a child, elderly, it is chemical, electrical or severe call 999.
What factors affect the severity of a burn?
- Depth - how many layers
- Location - if feet, hands, face, genitals or extends around limb
- Size - Greater than their hand?
- Cause - Chemical or electrical?
What can Electric shock result in?
- Cardiac arrest
- Burns at entry and exit
- Unconsciousness
- Spasm of lungs
How to treat electrical shock?
- Shut off supply
- Call 999
- Complete primary & CPR if needed
- Treat burns
- treat for shock
Name the different types of fracture
- Open - Exposed wound. Bone usually visible.
- Closed - Skin is not broken
- Complicated - Where there is an injury to organ/vein
- Greenstick - Usually young children. Partial fracture - not so obvious
Signs and symptoms of a head injury
- Dizziness, confusion
- Nausea
- Short term memory loss
- Possible seizures
- Changes in skin colour
- Blood in white of eye
- Pupil dilation
- Bleeding, swelling or bruising of head
How to treat a head injury?
Call 999.
* If conscious, help them to lie down. Keep spine still.
* If not conscious & breathing, recovery position.
Else, CPR.
Signs and symptoms of a stroke?
FAST.
- Face - Facial weakness. Drooped?
- Arms - can they raise both?
- Speech - Can they speak clearly?
- Time - If any present, this is an emergency. Call 999 NOW.
How do you treat a stoke
- CALL 999.
- Lay them down with head & shoulders slightly raised
- Re-assure but not too many Qs
- Monitor
Signs and symptoms of poisoning?
- Difficulty breathing
- Dizzy
- Pain
- Confusion
- Evidence of substance
- Vomiting
- smell
- Burns/swelling
How to treat poisoning?
- Move them to a safe place
- If possible, remove cause
- Do not induce vomiting
- For corrosive substances, rinse mouth & give sips of water
- Treat injuries (e.g burns)
- Call 999
- Collect poison info
Two types of diabetic emergency and their signs/symptoms?
Hypoglycemia - Too little sugar. Give sugary.
Hyperglycemia - Too much.
- Rapid pulse and feeling faint
- Trembling limbs
- Confusion
- Pale skin
- Sweating
- Drunken like
If not conscious call 999.
How to treat a seizure?
In water:
- Support; keep face out
- Take care that head doesn’t hit anything
- Keep in shallow water, once done remove
- CPR if needed. Call 999 for in water.
Out of water:
- Objects that can cause injury removed
- Protect head
- Note length
Call 999 if:
- Lasts > 5min
- They have more than 1 or it is their first
- They injure themselves
- They do not wake up after 10min
- You are unsure
Hypothermia - Signs/symptoms?
- Cold
- Slow pulse
- tired
- Shivering
- Slurred speech
- Confusion
- Infants go quiet
- Stiffening of muscle
