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NPLQ > First aid: Element 3 > Flashcards

First aid: Element 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the priorities of giving first aid?

A
  • PAPP -
    • Preserve life
    • Alleviate suffering
    • Prevent situation worsening
    • Promote recovery was
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2
Q

Name some possible contents of a first aid box

A
  • Guidance leaflet
  • Contents leaflet
  • Eye pads
  • Adhesive plasters
  • Gloves no
  • Foil blanket
  • Burn dressing
  • safety bins
  • Triangular bandage
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3
Q

What factors are important when applying first aid?

A
  • History - What happened leading up to it? Ask them or bystanders. Any medic bracelet?
  • Symptoms - What they tell you
  • Signs - What you can see, feel or smell

Consent - If they are conscious ask permission. If they refuse, call 999.

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4
Q

What does a primary survey involve?

A
  • Danger
  • Response - Do they respond?
  • Airway
  • Breathing - Are they?
  • Circulation - Any severe bleeding?

DR. ABC

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5
Q

How do you treat someone who is unconscious?

A
  • Complete primary survey
  • Call 999
  • If they are not breathing, give CPR
  • Treat any major bleeding or other obvious cause
  • Loosen clothing
  • Protect them from cold/wet
  • Place them into recovery position & monitor
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6
Q

Name some causes of unconsciousness

A 
FISH SHAPED -
F - Fainting
I  - Imbalance of heat
S - Shock
H - Head injury
S - Stroke
H - Heart attack
A - Asphyxia
P - Poison
E - Epilepsy
D - Diabetes
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7
Q

Name some symptoms of a heart attack

A
  • Nausea and dizziness
  • Crushing/tightening pain in chest
  • Feeling of impending doom
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8
Q

Name some signs of a heart attack

A
  • Pale grey skin
  • Coughing
  • Clutching chest
  • Sudden collapse
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9
Q

Name some signs and symptoms of shock

A
  • Dizziness
  • Confusion and disorientation
  • Nauseous
  • Thirst

Signs -

  • Pale, cold clammy skin
  • Blueness of lips
  • Weak/rapid pulse
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10
Q

How do you treat shock?

A
  • Get them lying down - elevate legs
  • Loosen clothing
  • Reassure
  • Keep warm
  • Call 999
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11
Q

Name some signs & symptoms of an asthma attack

A
  • Wheezing
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Pale - Blue lips
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12
Q

How do you treat an asthma attack?

A
  • Reassure, get them comfortable
  • Get them their inhaler and help to take it
  • Remove from cause if known, e.g dust
  • If attack persists or does not get better, call 999.
  • If inhaler doesn’t help, call 999.
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13
Q

Name some common triggers of Anaphylaxis

A

Food - Nuts, shellfish, egg
Medicines - Aspirin
Insects - Bees & wasps
Latex - in gloves

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14
Q

Name some symptoms and signs of Anaphylaxis

A
  • Swollen tongue or lips
  • Hoarse voice
  • Wheeze/cough
  • Pain, nausea or vomiting
  • Anaphylactic shock
  • Rashes - hives etc.
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15
Q

How do you treat anaphylaxis?

A
  • Ask person for auto injector
    • They should self administer
  • Call 999
  • May need another dose after ~ 15 mins
  • Be prepared to give CPR
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16
Q

Name some signs and symptoms of hyperventilation

A
  • Dizziness
  • Feeling faint
  • Tight chest
  • Fast, deep breathing
  • Flushed skin
17
Q

Signs and symptoms of external bleeding?

A
  • Thirst
  • Bleeding
  • Shock
  • Pain in area
  • Weak, rapid pulse
18
Q

How do you treat external bleeding?

A
  • WEAR GLOVES
  • Get them comfy
  • Call 999 for severe cuts
  • Examine wound
  • Apply pressure
  • Treat for shock
  • If bleeding does not stop, apply a second dressing.
19
Q

Internal bleeding - signs?

A
  • Pale skin
  • Confusion
  • Shock
  • bruising
  • swelling
20
Q

How do you treat internal bleeding?

A
  • Call 999.
  • Lie them down
  • Treat for shock
21
Q

How do you treat a bleeding nose?

A
  • Sit them down with tilted head
  • Ask them not to talk, breathe through mouth
  • Tell them to (or do it yourself) apply pressure just below bridge
  • Apply for 10 min at a time
  • > 30min or severe: Call 999
22
Q

What can cause a burn?

A
  • Dry heat - fire
  • wet heat - hot water, steam
  • Chemical
  • Electrical
  • Sunburn
  • Friction
23
Q

Name some signs and symptoms of a burn

A
  • Pain in burn area
  • Shock
  • Blistering
  • Swelling
  • Redness
  • Shock
24
Q

How do you treat a burn?

A

Flood burn with cool water

  • If clothing is stuck, do not remove
  • Remove rings, watches or jewellery for swelling
  • Cover it with non-adhesive dressing, e.g cling film
  • Treat for shock

If they are a child, elderly, it is chemical, electrical or severe call 999.

25
Q

What factors affect the severity of a burn?

A
  • Depth - how many layers
  • Location - if feet, hands, face, genitals or extends around limb
  • Size - Greater than their hand?
  • Cause - Chemical or electrical?
26
Q

What can Electric shock result in?

A
  • Cardiac arrest
  • Burns at entry and exit
  • Unconsciousness
  • Spasm of lungs
27
Q

How to treat electrical shock?

A
  • Shut off supply
  • Call 999
  • Complete primary & CPR if needed
  • Treat burns
  • treat for shock
28
Q

Name the different types of fracture

A
  • Open - Exposed wound. Bone usually visible.
  • Closed - Skin is not broken
  • Complicated - Where there is an injury to organ/vein
  • Greenstick - Usually young children. Partial fracture - not so obvious
29
Q

Signs and symptoms of a head injury

A
  • Dizziness, confusion
  • Nausea
  • Short term memory loss
  • Possible seizures
  • Changes in skin colour
  • Blood in white of eye
  • Pupil dilation
  • Bleeding, swelling or bruising of head
30
Q

How to treat a head injury?

A

Call 999.
* If conscious, help them to lie down. Keep spine still.
* If not conscious & breathing, recovery position.
Else, CPR.

31
Q

Signs and symptoms of a stroke?

A

FAST.

  • Face - Facial weakness. Drooped?
  • Arms - can they raise both?
  • Speech - Can they speak clearly?
  • Time - If any present, this is an emergency. Call 999 NOW.
32
Q

How do you treat a stoke

A
  • CALL 999.
  • Lay them down with head & shoulders slightly raised
  • Re-assure but not too many Qs
  • Monitor
33
Q

Signs and symptoms of poisoning?

A
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Dizzy
  • Pain
  • Confusion
  • Evidence of substance
  • Vomiting
  • smell
  • Burns/swelling
34
Q

How to treat poisoning?

A
  • Move them to a safe place
  • If possible, remove cause
  • Do not induce vomiting
  • For corrosive substances, rinse mouth & give sips of water
  • Treat injuries (e.g burns)
  • Call 999
  • Collect poison info
35
Q

Two types of diabetic emergency and their signs/symptoms?

A

Hypoglycemia - Too little sugar. Give sugary.
Hyperglycemia - Too much.

  • Rapid pulse and feeling faint
  • Trembling limbs
  • Confusion
  • Pale skin
  • Sweating
  • Drunken like

If not conscious call 999.

36
Q

How to treat a seizure?

A

In water:

  • Support; keep face out
  • Take care that head doesn’t hit anything
  • Keep in shallow water, once done remove
  • CPR if needed. Call 999 for in water.

Out of water:

  • Objects that can cause injury removed
  • Protect head
  • Note length

Call 999 if:

  • Lasts > 5min
  • They have more than 1 or it is their first
  • They injure themselves
  • They do not wake up after 10min
  • You are unsure
37
Q

Hypothermia - Signs/symptoms?

A
  • Cold
  • Slow pulse
  • tired
  • Shivering
  • Slurred speech
  • Confusion
  • Infants go quiet
  • Stiffening of muscle

NPLQ (3 decks)

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