First aid: Element 3 Flashcards
What are the priorities of giving first aid?
- PAPP -
- Preserve life
- Alleviate suffering
- Prevent situation worsening
- Promote recovery was
Name some possible contents of a first aid box
- Guidance leaflet
- Contents leaflet
- Eye pads
- Adhesive plasters
- Gloves no
- Foil blanket
- Burn dressing
- safety bins
- Triangular bandage
What factors are important when applying first aid?
- History - What happened leading up to it? Ask them or bystanders. Any medic bracelet?
- Symptoms - What they tell you
- Signs - What you can see, feel or smell
Consent - If they are conscious ask permission. If they refuse, call 999.
What does a primary survey involve?
- Danger
- Response - Do they respond?
- Airway
- Breathing - Are they?
- Circulation - Any severe bleeding?
DR. ABC
How do you treat someone who is unconscious?
- Complete primary survey
- Call 999
- If they are not breathing, give CPR
- Treat any major bleeding or other obvious cause
- Loosen clothing
- Protect them from cold/wet
- Place them into recovery position & monitor
Name some causes of unconsciousness
FISH SHAPED - F - Fainting I - Imbalance of heat S - Shock H - Head injury
S - Stroke H - Heart attack A - Asphyxia P - Poison E - Epilepsy D - Diabetes
Name some symptoms of a heart attack
- Nausea and dizziness
- Crushing/tightening pain in chest
- Feeling of impending doom
Name some signs of a heart attack
- Pale grey skin
- Coughing
- Clutching chest
- Sudden collapse
Name some signs and symptoms of shock
- Dizziness
- Confusion and disorientation
- Nauseous
- Thirst
Signs -
- Pale, cold clammy skin
- Blueness of lips
- Weak/rapid pulse
How do you treat shock?
- Get them lying down - elevate legs
- Loosen clothing
- Reassure
- Keep warm
- Call 999
Name some signs & symptoms of an asthma attack
- Wheezing
- Difficulty breathing
- Pale - Blue lips
How do you treat an asthma attack?
- Reassure, get them comfortable
- Get them their inhaler and help to take it
- Remove from cause if known, e.g dust
- If attack persists or does not get better, call 999.
- If inhaler doesn’t help, call 999.
Name some common triggers of Anaphylaxis
Food - Nuts, shellfish, egg
Medicines - Aspirin
Insects - Bees & wasps
Latex - in gloves
Name some symptoms and signs of Anaphylaxis
- Swollen tongue or lips
- Hoarse voice
- Wheeze/cough
- Pain, nausea or vomiting
- Anaphylactic shock
- Rashes - hives etc.
How do you treat anaphylaxis?
- Ask person for auto injector
- They should self administer
- Call 999
- May need another dose after ~ 15 mins
- Be prepared to give CPR
Name some signs and symptoms of hyperventilation
- Dizziness
- Feeling faint
- Tight chest
- Fast, deep breathing
- Flushed skin
Signs and symptoms of external bleeding?
- Thirst
- Bleeding
- Shock
- Pain in area
- Weak, rapid pulse
How do you treat external bleeding?
- WEAR GLOVES
- Get them comfy
- Call 999 for severe cuts
- Examine wound
- Apply pressure
- Treat for shock
- If bleeding does not stop, apply a second dressing.
Internal bleeding - signs?
- Pale skin
- Confusion
- Shock
- bruising
- swelling
How do you treat internal bleeding?
- Call 999.
- Lie them down
- Treat for shock
How do you treat a bleeding nose?
- Sit them down with tilted head
- Ask them not to talk, breathe through mouth
- Tell them to (or do it yourself) apply pressure just below bridge
- Apply for 10 min at a time
- > 30min or severe: Call 999
What can cause a burn?
- Dry heat - fire
- wet heat - hot water, steam
- Chemical
- Electrical
- Sunburn
- Friction
Name some signs and symptoms of a burn
- Pain in burn area
- Shock
- Blistering
- Swelling
- Redness
- Shock
How do you treat a burn?
Flood burn with cool water
- If clothing is stuck, do not remove
- Remove rings, watches or jewellery for swelling
- Cover it with non-adhesive dressing, e.g cling film
- Treat for shock
If they are a child, elderly, it is chemical, electrical or severe call 999.