First Aid, Damage Control And ORM Flashcards
What is a pressure point?
Where a main artery lies near the skin surface and over a bone
How many pressure points are on each side of the human body?
11
What are the 11 principle pressure points?
Temple, Jaw, Neck, Collar Bone, Inner-Upper Arm, Inner Elbow, Wrist, Upper Thigh, Groin, Knee, Ankle
What are the 3 classifications of burns?
1st, 2nd and 3rd degree burns
Describe 1st degree burn.
Redness, warmth and mild pain
Describe 2nd degree burn.
Red, blistered skin and severe pain
Describe a 3rd degree burn.
Tissue, skin and bone are destroyed, pain may be absent due to destroyed nerve endings
What are the 2 types of fractures?
Closed/Simple and Open/Compound
What is electrical shock?
When a person comes into contact with an electrical source
What is an obstructed airway?
Blockage of the upper airway, indications are inability to talk, grasping and pointing to the throat
What are the 2 types of heat related injuries?
Heat Exhaustion and Heat Stroke
What are the symptoms of Heat Exhaustion?
Disturbance of blood flow in the heart, brain and lungs. Skin is cool , moist and clammy, pupils are dilated
What are the symptoms of Heat Stroke?
Breakdown of the body’s sweat mechanism. Hot and/or dry skin, uneven pupil dilation and a weak, rapid pulse.
What are the 3 types of cold related injuries?
Hypothermia, Superficial Frostbite and Deep Frostbite.
What are the 3 objectives of first aid?
Prevent further injury, infection and loss of life
What is hypothermia?
General cooling of the body. Pale skin, slow
What is superficial frostbite?
Ice crystals forming in the upper layers of skin
What is deep frostbite?
Ice crystals form in the deep layers of skin.
Describe septic shock.
Bacteria multiply in the blood and release toxins
Describe cardiogenic shock.
Heart is damaged and unable to supply adequate blood flow
Describe neurogenic shock.
Caused by spinal cord injury.
Describe anaphylactic shock
A type of severe hypersensitivity or allergic reaction.
Describe hypovolemic shock
Caused by severe blood or fluid loss
What does CPR stand for?
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
What does CAB mean?
Circulation, Airway, Breathing
What are the steps of the survival chain?
1) Recognition and activation of CPR
2) Chest compressions
3) AED/defibrillator
4) Rapid defibrillation
5) Effective advanced life support (EMT’s)
6) Integrated post-cardiac arrest care
What is the breath to compression ratio for CPR?
30 to 2
How deep should a compression be?
2 inches
What is the tilt/chin lift?
Used to introduce air to the lungs.
What is ORM?
Operational Risk Management
What are the 5 steps of ORM?
1) Identify Hazards
2) Assess Hazards
3) Make Risk Decisions
4) Implement Controls
5) Supervise
What are the different classes of mishaps?
Class A
Class B
Class C
What constitutes a Class A mishap?
$2,000,000 or more in property damage or an injury resulting in a fatality or permanent total disability
What constitutes a Class B mishap?
Greater than $500,000 in property damage, but less than $2,000,000 or an injury resulting in permanent partial disability.
What constitutes a Class C mishap?
Greater than $50,000 in property damage, but less than $500,000 or a non-fatal injury that causes loss of time beyond one shift.
What is PPE?
Personal Protective Equipment
Give examples of PPE.
Cranial Eye Protection Hearing Protection Impact Protection Gloves Foot Protection
What does CBR stand for?
Chemical Biological Radiological Warfare
What are some types of chemical agents?
Nerve
Blood
Blister
Choking Agents
What is M9 paper used for?
Detects liquid chemical agents
What is Atropine/2-Pam Chloride?
Specific therapy for Nerve Agents
What are the 2 types of Biological Warfare?
Pathogens and Toxins
What is IPE?
Individual Protective Equipment
What type of gas mask do we use?
MCU-2P
What does ACPG stand for?
Advanced Chemical Protective Garment
How many MOPP levels are there?
5
Describe MOPP 0.
Issue PPE, accessible within 5 minutes
Describe MOPP 1.
JSLIST, mask, gloves readily accessible
Describe MOPP 2.
Mask carried, decon supplies staged.
Describe MOPP 3.
GQ, install filters, don over boots
Describe MOPP 4.
Don mask, hood and gloves. Set Circle William , initiate countermeasure washdown.
What is Radiological Warfare?
The deliberate use of radiological weapons to produce widespread injury and death of all life.
What is a high-altitude air burst?
Occurs at greater than 100,000 feet, produces ionosphere disruption and EMP
What is an air burst?
Fireball does not touch the surface. Creates a vacuum that collects debris, resulting in radiation fallout.
What is a surface burst?
Fireball touches the surface and produces the worst fallout.
What is a shallow underwater burst?
Small fireball and blast wave, creates large waves and water contamination
What is a deep underwater burst?
Similar to shallow underwater burst, but produces less visible effect and yields larger amounts of contaminated water.
What is ready shelter?
Stations just inside the weather envelope, with access to deep shelter.
What is a deep shelter?
Spaces low in the ship and close to the centerline. Provides maximum shielding from nuclear radiation
What is a DT-60 Dosimeter?
Non self-reading high range casualty dosimeter. Reads from 0-600 roentgens
What are the 3 sides of the fire triangle?
Oxygen, fuel and heat
What are the 4 types of fires?
Alpha
Bravo
Charlie
Delta
Describe a Class Alpha fire.
Occurs in combustable materials that produce ash
Describe a class B fire.
Flammable liquids
Describe a Class C fire.
Electrical Fires
Describe a Class D fire.
Burning metals, like magnesium or titanium
What is AFFF?
Aqueous Film-Forming Foam
What is the mixture off AFFF to seawater?
94% seawater 6% AFFF
What is Halon-1211?
Colorless, faintly sweet smelling, non electrically conductive gas that leaves no residue to clean up. Used primarily for Class B and Class C fires.
What is PKP?
Potassium Bicarbonate. Intended for Class B fires. It breaks up the combustion chain.
