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FIRST AID/CPR/AED > FIRST AID/CPR/AED > Flashcards

FIRST AID/CPR/AED Flashcards

The cadet will learn skills used to assess the medical condition of a victim, a fellow officer, or themselves if they become injured, and provide emergency care, including basic life support, prior to the arrival of emergency medical services.

1
Q

BASIC LI FE SUPPORT CORE. 1 0 7 0 . 1 0 1
The cadet will complete the following objectives as listed in the standardized First-
Aid, Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR), Automated External Defibrillator
(AED) National Safety Council Course:

A

♦ Identify when basic life support (BLS) is needed
♦ Identify the links in the cardiac chain of survival
♦ Identify CAB (Circulation, Airway and Breathing) as it relates to adults,
children, and Infants
♦ Identify when and how chest compressions are given
♦ Identify opening the airway and breathing as the second and third phase of
CAB
♦ Identify the importance of using a barrier device for rescue breaths
♦ State when cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is needed
♦ Identify the correct hand position for chest compressions in an adult, child,
and infant
♦ Identify the correct rate and depth of chest compressions
♦ Identify the correct ratio of chest compressions to breaths
♦ Identify situations in which CPR can stop
♦ Identify how to give choking care to an unresponsive adult
♦ Identify when and how to use an automated external defibrillator (AED)
Demonstrate how to perform CPR to an adult
♦ Demonstrate how to properly use an AED on an adult

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2
Q

♦ Identify when basic life support (BLS) is needed

A

• First aid given if the victim’s breathing or heart stops. Needed for victims
of: Cardiac arrest, drowning, choking or injuries/conditions that affect
breathing or the heart.

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3
Q

♦ Identify the links in the cardiac chain of survival

A

• Early access – Early CPR – Early defibrillation – Early advanced care

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4
Q

♦ Identify when and how chest compressions are given

A

• Chest compressions should be given immediately if the victim is not
breathing normally (demonstrated during practical)
• If rescuer is not willing to give mouth to mouth, they should continue with
chest compressions only

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5
Q

♦ Identify opening the airway and breathing as the second and third phase of CAB

A

• Place hand on forehead, lift with other hand under chin (demonstrate)

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6
Q

♦ Identify the importance of using a barrier device for rescue breaths

A

• Barrier device always recommended for protection of care giver and
victim

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7
Q

♦ State when cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is needed

A

• CPR is needed when a victims breathing or heart stops

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8
Q

♦ Identify the correct hand position for chest compressions in an adult, child,
and infant

A

• For an adult, the heel of hand with other hand locked on top on lower half
of the breastbone, midway between nipples
• For a child, the rescuer uses the heel of one hand on lower half of the
breastbone, midway between nipples
• For an infant, the rescuer uses two fingers just below the nipple line on the
lower half of the breastbone

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9
Q

♦ Identify the correct rate and depth of chest compressions

A

• The correct rate of chest compressions is universal for all ages: 30
compressions at the rate of at least 100/minute. Depth of chest
compressions for infants (0 to 1 year old) compress with 2 fingers ½ the
thickness of their body. For children (1 to 8 years old) compress with
palm of hand ½ to ⅓ the thickness of their body. For adults, compress
with both hands at least 2 inches.

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10
Q

♦ Identify the correct ratio of chest compressions to breaths

A

• 30 compression then 2 breaths

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11
Q

♦ Identify situations in which CPR can stop

A

• Someone with equal or greater training can take over. Scene becomes unsafe. Too tired to continue. Victim starts to breathe on their own. An AED is brought to scene to hook up to victim.

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12
Q

♦ Identify how to give choking care to an unresponsive adult

A

• When a choking victim becomes unresponsive start CPR.

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13
Q

♦ Identify when and how to use an automated external defibrillator (AED)

A

• An AED should be used with an adult, child or infant victim who is not
breathing (demonstrate)

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14
Q

CHECK THE VICTIM CORE. 1 0 7 0 . 1 0 3
The cadet will complete the following objectives as listed in the standardized First-
Aid, CPR, AED National Safety Council Course:

A

♦ Describe how to do the initial assessment of a victim
♦ List the parts of the victim’s history that should be obtained and how to obtain it
♦ Describe how to perform a physical examination
♦ Demonstrate how to check the victim for life-threatening problems

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15
Q

♦ Describe how to do the initial assessment of a victim

A

• After checking the scene for safety and calling 911, check the victim’s
responsiveness and breathing. Get the victim’s history (what happened?).
• Physically examine the victim and monitor the victim for any changes

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16
Q

♦ List the parts of the victim’s history that should be obtained and how to obtain it

A 
• Talk to a responsive victim, or ask bystanders to find out more about what
happened and the victim’s history
• Use the SAMPLE history format:
S – Signs and symptoms
A – Allergies
M – Medications
P – Previous problems
L – Last food or drink
E – Events
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17
Q

♦ Describe how to perform a physical examination

A

• Examine the victim head-to-toe looking for anything out of the ordinary:
pain when an area is touched, bleeding or other wounds, an area that is
swollen or deformed from usual appearance, skin color (flushed or pale),
temperature (hot or cold), condition (dry, sweating, clammy), abnormal
sensation or movement of the area.

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18
Q

RECOVERY POSITION CORE. 1 0 7 0 . 1 0 4
The cadet will complete the following objectives as listed in the standardized First-
Aid, CPR, AED National Safety Council Course:

A

♦ Identify the purpose of the recovery position
♦ Demonstrate how to place an unresponsive breathing adult in the recovery
position

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19
Q

♦ Identify the purpose of the recovery position

A

• If a person is breathing, but is unresponsive, they need to be put in the
recovery position. The recovery position keeps the airway open, allows
fluids to drain from the mouth, and prevents inhalation of stomach
contents in case of vomiting. This is done by laying the person on their
left side with their head supported and their legs bent slightly. Note: do
not move a victim if a neck or back injury is suspected unless a life
threatening situation exists.

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20
Q

♦ Demonstrate how to place an unresponsive breathing adult in the recovery
position

A

Self explanatory

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21
Q

CHOKING RESPONSIVE VICTIM CORE. 1 0 7 0 . 1 0 5
The cadet will complete the following objectives as listed in the standardized First-
Aid, CPR, AED National Safety Council Course:

A

♦ Identify correct choking care for a partially obstructed responsive adult who
can cough
♦ Identify how to give abdominal thrusts to a responsive choking adult
♦ Demonstrate how to provide choking care for a responsive adult

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22
Q

♦ Identify correct choking care for a partially obstructed responsive adult who
can cough

A

• Leave them alone, but encourage them to keep coughing to expel the
object

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23
Q

♦ Identify how to give abdominal thrusts to a responsive choking adult

A

• Make a fist and place just above the navel with other hand behind fist, pull
inward and upward with sharp jerking movements to cause residual air in
stomach to back flush the object and push it out of the airway

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24
Q

HEART ATTACK AND CHEST PAIN CORE. 1 0 7 0 . 1 0 6
The cadet will complete the following objectives as listed in the standardized First-
Aid, CPR, AED National Safety Council Course:

A

♦ Describe the signs and symptoms of a heart attack
♦ List the general steps of first aid for a heart attack
♦ Differentiate between heart attack and angina

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25
Q

♦ Describe the signs and symptoms of a heart attack

A

• The signs and symptoms of a heart attack vary considerably, from
complaints of persistent pressure, tightness, ache, or pain in the chest.
Complaints of pain spreading to neck, shoulders or arms, shortness of
breath, complaints of dizziness, lightheadedness, feeling of impending
doom, pale, moist skin or heavy sweating and nausea.

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26
Q

♦ List the general steps of first aid for a heart attack

A

• Call 911 immediately, even if the victim says it is not serious. Help victim
to rest in a comfortable position (often sitting). Loosen tight clothing and
keep the victim from moving. If the victim is taking heart medication,
help them obtain and take it. Allow the victim one aspirin (unless
allergic).

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27
Q

♦ Differentiate between heart attack and angina

A

• Angina is a situation where there is an oxygen demand-supply imbalance
and the heart muscle is not getting enough oxygen, which causes a
decrease in properly oxygenated blood. The heart muscle is “crying out
for help” and sometimes it is presented as chest pain or jaw pain. Usually
rest causes the pain to ease up. Angina pain is only present when stress is
placed on the heart. When the heart muscle continues to be deprived of
oxygen and fresh blood, the muscle ends up dying (called a heart attack).

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28
Q

PREVENTING DISEASE TRANSMISSION CORE. 1 0 7 0 . 1 0 7
The cadet will complete the following objectives as listed in the standardized First-
Aid, CPR, AED National Safety Council Course:

A

♦ List standard precautions to prevent transmission of disease
♦ Identify personal protective equipment (PPE) to protect yourself from
infection

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29
Q

♦ List standard precautions to prevent transmission of disease

A

• Use personal protective equipment (PPE). Wash your hands with soap
and water before and after giving first aid. Cover any cuts/scrapes. Do
not touch your mouth, nose, or eyes when giving first aid. Do not touch
soiled objects. Avoid sharps (needles). Clean up spills appropriately.
Follow Exposure Control Plan.

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30
Q

♦ Identify personal protective equipment (PPE) to protect yourself from
infection

A

• Anything used to protect you from contact with blood or other bodily
fluids. Keep medical exam gloves in your first aid kit. Use a pocket-face
mask or face shield when giving rescue breaths during CPR. Eye
protection, masks, and gowns or aprons (rarely needed for first aid).

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31
Q

♦ Demonstrate how to take off medical exam gloves

A

Done it

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32
Q

BLEEDING AND WOUND CARE CORE. 1 0 7 0 . 1 0 8
The cadet will complete the following objectives as listed in the standardized First-
Aid, CPR, AED National Safety Council Course:

A

♦ Identify how to control bleeding with direct pressure
♦ Demonstrate how to control bleeding
♦ Describe how to clean and dress a minor wound
♦ List signs and symptoms of wound infection
♦ Identify when to seek medical attention for a wound
♦ Determine the need for a tetanus booster

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33
Q

♦ Identify how to control bleeding with direct pressure

A

• Apply pressure directly to the wound with gloved hand. Do not remove a
bloody dressing just place a new dressing on top.

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34
Q

♦ Demonstrate how to control bleeding

A

Done it

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35
Q

♦ Describe how to clean and dress a minor wound

A

• Gently wash a shallow wound with soap and water. Irrigate a deeper
wound under running water for at least 5 minutes. Use a gauze pad or
tweezers to remove any large particles. Pat the area dry. Apply an
antibiotic ointment only on abrasions. Cover the wound with a sterile
dressing and bandage.

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36
Q

♦ List signs and symptoms of wound infection

A

• Pain, pus, and fever are signs and symptoms of infection. Indicators of an
infected wound are: red, swollen, warm, or red streaks or trails on the skin
near the wound.

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37
Q

♦ Identify when to seek medical attention for a wound

A

• Seek medical attention if: Bleeding is not easily controlled. The wound is deep or large. It is a significant wound on the face. There are signs and symptoms that the wound may be infected. The wound is a bite from an animal or human.
• Also seek medical attention if: A foreign object or material is embedded in the wound. Victim is unsure about tetanus vaccination. The victim
may need stitches for cuts on the face or hands when the edges do not close together, gaping wounds or cuts longer than one inch.

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38
Q

♦ Determine the need for a tetanus booster

A

• If the wound is deep, or a puncture wound, and it has been 10 years or
longer since a tetanus shot was given

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39
Q

♦ Identify the care needed for:

A
  • • Puncture wounds & impaled objects
  • • Amputations
  • • Injuries of the genitals
  • • Injuries of the head and face
  • • Injuries of the skull
  • • Injuries of the eye
  • • Injuries of the ear
  • • Injuries of the nose
  • • Injuries of the mouth
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40
Q

• Puncture wounds & impaled objects

A

 Seek medical attention for both. Remove any small objects or dirt, but
not larger impaled objects (removing an object could cause more
injury and bleeding). Leave large or impaled objects in place and
dress the wound around it.

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41
Q

• Amputations

A

 Control bleeding and care for the wound first, then recover the severed
part in dry sterile dressing or clean cloth – Do not wash it. Place the part in plastic bag and seal it. Place the sealed bag in another bag or container with ice and transport with victim to emergency room.

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42
Q

• Injuries of the genitals

A

 Provide privacy and use direct pressure to control external bleeding
 Provide support with a towel between legs

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43
Q

• Injuries of the head and face

A

 With any significant injury to the head, consider a possible neck or
spinal injury. Do not move the victim’s head while giving first aid for
head and face wounds.

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44
Q

• Injuries of the skull

A

 If there is a deformed area of the skull, a depressed area in the bone felt during the physical examination, blood or fluid from the ears or nose, or an impaled object in the skull, you should presume there may be skull injury and do the following:o Check for responsiveness and normal breathing. Do not clean the wound or remove an impaled object. Cover wound with sterile dressing. With significant bleeding, apply pressure only around edges of wound (if skull fracture is suspected). Do not move victim unless necessary.

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45
Q

• Injuries of the eye

A

 If the eye is bleeding or leaking fluid, call 911 or get victim to emergency room immediately. Place a cold pack over eye for 15 minutes to ease pain and reduce swelling, but do not apply direct
pressure on the eye.  If there is a large object in the eye, do not remove the object; stabilize it in place with dressings or bulky cloth. Cover both eyes and transport victim to emergency room.
 If chemical or substance is splashed in the eye, rinse with running water for at least 20 minutes

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46
Q

• Injuries of the ear

A

 Control bleeding from external ear with direct pressure and dress the wound
 For bleeding from within the ear: If blood looks watery, this could mean a skull fracture – call 911. Help victim to sit up, tilting affected ear down to let blood drain (if no fracture is suspected). Cover ear with loose sterile dressing. Seek medical help immediately. Do not plug the ear to try and stop bleeding!

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47
Q

• Injuries of the nose

A

 If the nose is bleeding: Have victim sit and tilt head slightly forward with mouth open. Have victim pinch nostrils together just below the bridge of nose for 10 minutes. Victim should breathe through mouth and not speak, swallow, cough or sniff. The victim can also place cold compress on bridge of nose.

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48
Q

• Injuries of the mouth

A

 Have victim sit with head tilted forward to let blood drain. Place
gauze dressing in mouth and over wound to stop bleeding.
 Do not rinse mouth with water, this may prevent clotting
 Seek medical attention if bleeding is severe or does not stop

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49
Q

♦ Describe the uses of different types of bandages

A

• Roller bandages are used to create circular pressure around limb that is generally bleeding. Elastic roller bandages are used to support a joint that is strained or sprained and to prevent swelling.

50
Q

♦ Demonstrate how to apply a pressure bandage

A

done

51
Q

♦ Demonstrate how to apply a roller bandage

A

done

52
Q

♦ Describe the care for internal bleeding

A
  • Check for signs and symptoms of fracture or sprain
  • Lie victim down with feet raised about twelve inches (treat for shock)
  • Be alert for vomiting
  • Call 911 – Do not allow victim to drink anything!
53
Q

SHOCK CORE. 1 0 7 0 . 1 0 9
The cadet will complete the following objectives as listed in the standardized First-
Aid, CPR, AED National Safety Council Course:

A

??

54
Q

♦ List the causes of shock

A

♦ List the causes of shock
• Severe bleeding, heart problems, nervous system injuries, dehydration,
serious infections, severe burns, allergic reactions

55
Q

♦ Identify the signs and symptoms of shock

A

♦ Identify the signs and symptoms of shock
• Anxiety/confusion, dizziness pale/bluish skin, cold/clammy skin, rapid,
shallow breathing nausea/vomiting, thirst, changing levels of
responsiveness

56
Q

♦ Identify the first aid for shock

A

♦ Identify the first aid for shock
• Call 911. Monitor the victim’s breathing and be ready to give CPR. Treat
victim for shock. Do not allow victim to eat, drink, or smoke.

57
Q

♦ Demonstrate how to place a victim in the shock position

A

♦ Demonstrate how to place a victim in the shock position
• This is done by having the victim lie down and raising the victim’s legs
above the height of the heart with support behind the knees

58
Q

♦ List the causes of allergic reaction shock

A

♦ List the causes of allergic reaction shock
• Drugs (i.e., penicillin, sulfa), foods (i.e., peanuts, shellfish, eggs, etc.),
insect stings and bites (i.e., bees, wasps)

59
Q

♦ Identify the first aid for allergic reaction shock

A

♦ Identify the first aid for allergic reaction shock
• Call 911. Monitor the victim’s breathing and be prepared to give CPR.
Help victim use epinephrine kit. Help victim sit up in position of easiest
breathing.

60
Q

BURNS CORE. 1 0 7 0 . 1 1 0
The cadet will complete the following objectives as listed in the standardized First-
Aid, CPR, AED National Safety Council Course:

A

?

61
Q

♦ Describe how to put out a fire on a victim

A

♦ Describe how to put out a fire on a victim
• Victim should stop, drop, and roll. You can put water on a victim that is
on fire or cover with a blanket or jacket to smother the fire.

62
Q

♦ Differentiate among first, second, and third-degree burns

A

♦ Differentiate among first, second, and third-degree burns
• First-degree burn: Skin is red, dry, painful with minimal swelling, and
skin is not broken
• Second-degree burn: Skin is swollen, red, may blister while weeping clear
fluid, and is painful
• Third-degree burn: Skin appears white, leathery, and relatively painless

63
Q

♦ Determine first aid for first-degree heat burns

A

♦ Determine first aid for first-degree heat burns
• Stop the burning by removing the heat source, cool burned area with cold
water by immersing in cold water or cover with wet cloth for ten minutes
or more. Remove clothing, jewelry or constricting items and protect the
burned area from friction or pressure.

64
Q

♦ Identify first aid for second and third-degree heat burns

A

♦ Identify first aid for second and third-degree heat burns
• First aid for second-degree burns: Remove the heat source, cool burned
area with cold water or cover with wet cloth for ten minutes or more.
Remove clothing and jewelry for the area. Place non-stick dressing over
burn to protect area, but keep it loose and do not tape it to the skin.
• First aid for third-degree burns: Stop the burning by removing heat
source. Cool surrounding area first and second-degree burn area with cold
water. Remove clothing and jewelry.
• Call 911. Treat for shock. Carefully cover the burn with non-stick
dressing.

65
Q

♦ Identify first aid for chemical burns

A

♦ Identify first aid for chemical burns
• Brush off any dry chemical from skin. If chemical is liquid, giving off
fumes, move victim or ventilate area. Flush the area as quickly as possible
with running water for at least thirty minutes. Remove clothing and
jewelry from burn area. Call 911. Place non-stick dressing over burn.

66
Q

♦ Identify first aid for electrical burns and shocks

A

♦ Identify first aid for electrical burns and shocks
• Do not touch victim until you know area is safe. If victim is unresponsive,
give BLS in Recovery Position and monitor breathing. Be ready to give
CPR. Call 911. Care for the burn (stop burning, cool area, remove
clothing, jewelry, and cover burn). Treat for shock.

67
Q

SERIOUS INJURI ES CORE. 1 0 7 0 . 1 1 1

A

The cadet will complete the following objectives as listed in the standardized First-
Aid, CPR, AED National Safety Council Course:

68
Q

♦ Identify situations when a spinal injury is possible

A

♦ Identify situations when a spinal injury is possible
• Any injury to the head may also injure the spine.
• When you find a serious head injury, suspect a neck or back injury

69
Q

♦ Demonstrate in-line stabilization for spinal injuries

A

?

70
Q

♦ Identify first aid for the following

A

?

71
Q

• Broken ribs

A

 Have victim sit in a position of easiest breathing. Support ribs with a
pillow or soft padding, loosely bandage over area, and under arm for
support. Call 911.

72
Q

• Objects impaled in the chest

A

• Objects impaled in the chest
 Leave object in chest and bandage around immobilizing object. Keep
victim still and call 911.

73
Q

• Sucking chest wounds

A

• Sucking chest wounds
 Place a thin sterile dressing over wound. Make airtight seal with
plastic bag/wrap-Tape it on three sides as victim exhales. Position
victim lying inclined toward injured side. Call 911.

74
Q

• Open abdominal injuries

A

• Open abdominal injuries
 Lay victim on back. Loosen any tight clothing. If organs are
protruding through the wound opening, do not push them back in.
Cover area with sterile dressing. Call 911. Treat for shock.

75
Q

• Closed abdominal injuries

A

• Closed abdominal injuries
 Position victim on back and loosen clothing. Call 911. Treat for
shock and monitor breathing.

76
Q

• Pelvic injuries

A

• Pelvic injuries
 Help victim lie on back. Immobilize victim’s legs by padding between
thighs and ankles. Bandage legs together. Call 911. Treat for shock
and monitor victim’s breathing.

77
Q

BONE, JOINT, AND MUSCLE INJURIES CORE. 1 0 7 0 . 1 1 2

A

The cadet will complete the following objectives as listed in the standardized First-
Aid, CPR, AED National Safety Council Course:

78
Q

• Fractures

A

• Fractures
 Immobilize area. With extremity, immobilize joints above and below.
Call 911 for large bone fracture. With open fracture, cover wound
with dressing and apply gentle pressure around the site if needed to
control bleeding. Place ice or cold pack on area. If help may be
delayed or if victim is to be transported, immobilize with a splint.

79
Q

• Dislocations

A

• Dislocations
 Immobilize area in position found. Call 911. Place ice or cold pack
on area. Use a splint to immobilize the area.

80
Q

• Sprains

A

• Sprains
 Immobilize area in position found. Place ice or cold pack on area.
Wrap joint with compression bandage. Use soft splint to immobilize and support joint. Elevate sprained hand or ankle above level of heart.
Seek medical attention.

81
Q

• Bruises

A

• Bruises
 Rest the muscle. Place ice or cold pack on area: twenty minutes on
and at least thirty minutes off. With extremity, wrap a compression
bandage around muscle. Elevate limb.

82
Q

• Cramps

A

• Cramps
 Gently stretch out the muscle if possible. Message after cramping
stops. Drink plenty of fluids.

83
Q

♦ Identify how to use rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE) for an injury

A

• R: any movement of a musculoskeletal injury can cause further injury,
pain, and swelling. Have victim rest until medical help arrives. Rest is
important for healing.
• I: Ice reduces swelling, lessens pain, and minimizes bruising. Place ice in
a plastic bag or use commercial cold pack. Place cloth between skin and
cold source. Apply twenty minutes on and thirty minutes off for first few
hours.
• C: Compression helps minimize internal bleeding and swelling. Use
elastic roller bandage for compression of injured extremity. Wrap
bandage over injured area or around the ice or cold pack. Check fingers or
toes to make sure circulation is not cut off.
• E. Elevation minimizes swelling and controls internal or external
bleeding. Splint a fracture first and elevate it only if moving limb does not
cause pain.

84
Q

♦ Describe different types of splints and how to place a splint

A

• Rigid splints are made from a board, a piece of plastic, rolled newspaper
or thick cardboard or magazine
• Soft splints are made from a pillow, folded blanket, towel or triangular
bandage
• Guidelines for Splinting:
 Place dressing on any open wound before splinting area
 Splint only if it does not cause more pain for victim
 Splint to immobilize entire area
 Place padding between splint and skin
 Place splints on both sides of fractured bone if possible
 Apply cold pack to injury around splint
 With splinted extremity, check the fingers or toes frequently to make
sure circulation is not cut off
 Swelling, tingling or numbness, and cold skin are signs and symptoms
of reduced circulation

85
Q

SUDDEN ILLNESS CORE. 1 0 7 0 . 1 1 3

A

The cadet will complete the following objectives as listed in the standardized First-
Aid, CPR, AED National Safety Council Course:

86
Q

♦ Describe the general signs and symptoms of sudden illness

A

♦ Describe the general signs and symptoms of sudden illness
• Skin color changes (flushed or pale), sweating, nausea, and vomiting.
Person feels ill, dizzy, confused, or weak

87
Q

♦ List the general steps of first aid for sudden illness

A

♦ List the general steps of first aid for sudden illness
• Call 911 for unexplained sudden illness. Help victim rest and avoid
chilling or overheating. Reassure victim. Do not give victim anything to
eat or drink. Watch for change and be prepared to give basic life support.

88
Q

♦ Identify the first aid steps for:

• Stroke

A

• Stroke
 Call 911. Monitor the victim’s breathing and be prepared to give CPR.
Have victim lie down with head and shoulders slightly raised. Loosen
constrictive clothing. If necessary, turn victim’s head to side to allow
drool or vomit to drain.

89
Q

♦ Identify the first aid steps for:

• Respiratory distress

A

• Respiratory distress
 For sudden unexplained breathing problems call 911. Calm and
reassure victim. Place patient in position of easiest breathing. Ask
about any prescribed medicine and help with medication if needed.
Stay with victim and be prepared to give CPR.

90
Q

♦ Identify the first aid steps for:

• Asthma

A

• Asthma
 If victim does not know they have asthma (first attack) call 911.
Help victim use their medication (usually an inhaler). Help victim rest
and sit in position for easiest breathing. Victim may use inhaler again
if needed.

91
Q

♦ Identify the first aid steps for:

• Fainting

A

• Fainting
 Call 911 if victim does not regain responsiveness soon or faints
repeatedly. Place unresponsive victim in recovery position to let
mouth drain in case of vomiting.

92
Q

♦ Identify the first aid steps for:

• Seizures

A

 Prevent injury by putting something flat and soft under victim’s head.
Loosen clothing around neck to ease breathing. Turn victim onto one
side to help keep airway clear if vomiting occurs. Be reassuring as
victim regains responsiveness.

93
Q

♦ Identify the first aid steps for:

• Severe abdominal pain

A

• Severe abdominal pain
 Seek medical attention if pain begins in central abdomen and later
moves to right. Is accompanied by fever, sweating, black or bloody
stool, or blood in urine. Is associated with pregnancy. Involves
difficulty breathing. Involves vomiting blood or greenish-brown fluid.
Occurs suddenly and returns without warning. Is associated with
swollen abdomen that feels hard. Involves a hard lump in lower
abdomen or groin area.

94
Q

♦ Identify the first aid steps for:

• Diabetic emergencies

A

• Diabetic emergencies
 Talk to victim and confirm diabetes. Give sugar, 3 glucose tablets, ½
cup of fruit juice, one or two packets of sugar or five to six pieces of
hard candy.

95
Q

♦ Identify the first aid steps for:

• Problems in pregnancy

A

• Problems in pregnancy

 Call 911. Monitor breathing and be prepared to give CPR.

96
Q

POISONING CORE. 1 0 7 0 . 1 1 4

A

The cadet will complete the following objectives as listed in the standardized First-
Aid, CPR, AED National Safety Council Course:

97
Q

♦ Identify when to call the Poison Control Center or 911 in cases of poisoning

A

♦ Identify when to call the Poison Control Center or 911 in cases of poisoning
• Determine what was swallowed, when and, how much. If victim is
responsive call Poison Control Center. If unresponsive, call 911 and be
ready to give CPR if needed.

98
Q

♦ Identify first aid steps for victims of swallowed poison

A

♦ Identify first aid steps for victims of swallowed poison
• Follow directions of Poison Control Center or call 911 if unresponsive.
Treat for shock and be prepared to give CPR.

99
Q

♦ Identify first aid steps for victims of inhaled poison

A

♦ Identify first aid steps for victims of inhaled poison
• Immediately move victim to fresh air. Call 911 even if victim starts to
recover. Monitor victim and give BLS as needed.
• In industrial settings, know the location and effects of chemicals, the
location of material safety data sheets (MSDS) and other chemical
emergency information, and the location of antidote supplies

100
Q

♦ List steps to take for a victim of apparent alcohol or drug overdose or abuse

A

♦ List steps to take for a victim of apparent alcohol or drug overdose or abuse
• For unresponsive intoxicated person: Position person in recovery
position; be prepared for vomiting. Monitor the victim’s breathing and give CPR if needed. Call 911 if breathing is irregular, if seizures occur, or
if person cannot be roused.

101
Q

♦ Determine the first aid for a victim of poison ivy, oak, or sumac

A

♦ Determine the first aid for a victim of poison ivy, oak, or sumac
• Wash area thoroughly with soap and water. For severe reactions or
swelling of face, victim needs medical attention. Treat itching with
colloid oatmeal baths, calamine lotion, topical hydrocortisone cream, and
oral antihistamine. Wash clothing, shoes and pets that have been exposed.

102
Q

♦ Identify the steps of first aid for a victim with:

A

♦ Identify the steps of first aid for a victim with:
• Animal bite
 Clean wound with soap and water. Run water over wound for five
minutes. Control bleeding. Cover wound with sterile dressing and
bandage. Victim should see healthcare provider or go to emergency
room immediately.

103
Q

• Human bite

A

• Human bite
 Clean wound with soap and water. Run water over wound for five
minutes. Control bleeding. Cover wound with sterile dressing and
bandage. Victim should see healthcare provider or go to emergency
room immediately.

104
Q

• Snake bite

A

• Snake bite
 Have victim lie down and stay calm. Keep bite area immobile and
below level of heart. Wash bite with soap and water. For coral snakes
only, wrap extremity with snug bandage. Remove jewelry or tight
clothing before swelling. Do not try to catch snake, but note
appearance.

105
Q

• Spider bite

A

• Spider bite
 If victim has difficulty breathing, call 911 and be prepared to give
CPR if needed. Keep bite area below level of heart. Wash area with
soap and water. Place ice or cold pack on bite area. Try to identify the
type of spider for healthcare provider.

106
Q

• Tick bite

A

• Tick bite
 Wash area with soap and water. Apply antiseptic such as rubbing
alcohol and antibiotic cream. Seek medical attention if rash appears
around site or victim later experiences fever, chills, joint pain, or other
flu-like symptoms.

107
Q

• Bee or wasp sting

A

• Bee or wasp sting
 Remove stinger from skin by scraping it away gently with a piece of
thin plastic. Call 911 for known allergy to stings. Wash area with
soap and water.

108
Q

• Scorpion sting

A

• Scorpion sting
 Monitor breathing and be prepared to give CPR if needed. Carefully
wash sting area. Place an ice or cold pack on area. Seek urgent
medical attention.

109
Q

COLD AND HEAT EMERGENCIES CORE. 1 0 7 0 . 1 1 5

A

The cadet will complete the following objectives as listed in the standardized First-
Aid, CPR, AED National Safety Council Course:

110
Q

♦ List the signs of a cold emergency

A

♦ List the signs of a cold emergency
• Frostbite: Skin looks waxy and white, gray, yellow or bluish. Area feels
numb, tingly or aching
• Severe Frostbite: Area feels hard. May become painless. After warming,
area becomes swollen and may blister.

111
Q

♦ Determine the first aid for frostbite

A

♦ Determine the first aid for frostbite
• Move victim to warm environment. Remove any tight clothing or jewelry
around area. Place dry gauze or fluffy cloth between frostbitten fingers or
toes. Seek medical attention.
• For severe frostbite: Warm area in lukewarm water only if medical care
will be delayed and if there is no danger of the skin refreezing. Protect
area from being touched. Elevate area if possible to reduce swelling.

112
Q

♦ Describe the first aid for hypothermia

A

♦ Describe the first aid for hypothermia
• Monitor the victim’s breathing and be ready to give CPR. Call 911.
Quickly get victim out of cold and remove wet clothing. Have victim lie
down, and cover with blankets. Except in mild cases, victims need
immediate medical care.

113
Q

♦ List the signs of a heat emergency

A

♦ List the signs of a heat emergency
• Activity in a hot environment may cause painful cramps in lower legs or
stomach muscles. May occur with heat exhaustion or heatstroke. Signs
include muscle pain, cramping, spasms, and heavy sweating.

114
Q

♦ Determine the first aid for heat cramps

A

♦ Determine the first aid for heat cramps
• Have person stop activity and sit quietly in cool place. Give sports drink
or water to drink.

115
Q

♦ Determine the first aid for heat exhaustion

A

♦ Determine the first aid for heat exhaustion
• Move victim from heat to rest in cool place (loosen or remove unnecessary
clothing), raise legs eight to twelve inches
• Cool victim: Place wet clothes on forehead and body. Spray skin with
water. Seek medical care if victim’s condition worsens or does not
improve within thirty minutes.

116
Q

♦ Identify the first aid for heatstroke

A

♦ Identify the first aid for heatstroke
• Call 911. Move victim to cool place. Remove outer clothing. Cool
victim quickly. Wrap victim in wet sheet and sponge with cool water.
Spray skin with water. Place ice bags or cold packs beside neck, armpits,
and groin.

117
Q

RESCUING AND MOVING VICTIMS CORE. 1 0 7 0 . 1 1 6

A

The cadet will complete the following objectives as listed in the standardized First-
Aid, CPR, AED National Safety Council Course:

118
Q

♦ Describe what to do when a victim needs to be rescued from a dangerous
situation

A

♦ Describe what to do when a victim needs to be rescued from a dangerous
situation
• Never place yourself at risk to rescue a victim. If hazards are present,
leave rescue to the professionals and perform only rescue techniques you
have been trained to do.
• Fire – If trapped inside: Crawl along floor where there is breathable air.
Do not open a door that feels hot. Do not use elevators.
• If stuck inside: Turn off ventilation system. Stuff towels or rags (wet if
possible) in door cracks and vents. Use telephone to report your location.
• Vehicle crashes: Stop a safe distance prior to accident and turn on your
overhead lights. Call 911 if EMS has not been notified and there are
injuries. Use flares to warn other motorists if no spilled chemicals are in
the area.

119
Q

♦ Describe what to do when there are multiple victims needing first aid

A

♦ Describe what to do when there are multiple victims needing first aid
• Ensure scene is safe before approaching accident or fire scene. Stay away
if there are risks from passing traffic, downed electrical wires, fire, or
vehicle instability.
• You must decide who needs care most and who can wait until help arrives
or others can help, this process of setting priorities is called triage
 1st priority (immediate care needed): victims with life-threatening
injuries who cannot wait for help
 2nd priority (urgent care needed): Victims with injuries that need care
very soon, but may be able to wait for help
 3rd priority (delayed care): those with minor injuries, who can walk
 4th priority (no care needed): those who cannot be saved
• Call 911, if not already called, and notify of multiple victims
• Start checking for normal breathing and look for life threatening injuries
• Spend one minute or less with each victim and do not start giving care
until you have checked all victims. Give care to 1st priority victims first
then 2nd and 3rd. When help arrives, quickly tell EMS about victims.

120
Q

♦ Identify situations in which it is acceptable to move a victim

A

♦ Identify situations in which it is acceptable to move a victim
• Move victim only if: Fire or explosion is likely. Poisonous fumes are
present. Structure is about to collapse. Victim needs to be moved into a
position for life-saving care such as CPR.

121
Q

♦ Describe how to move a victim when necessary

A

♦ Describe how to move a victim when necessary
• Move victim only if you are physically capable and can do it safely. Get
help from others.
• With unresponsive victim or victim with spinal injury, support head and
neck in-line with body during move
• Use good body mechanics: Bend knees and hips (not your back), lift with
your legs and take short steps

FIRST AID/CPR/AED (1 decks)

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