First Aid, Chapter 4 Laboratory Tests, Cell Surface Markers and Receptors Flashcards
What are the roles of cell surface molecules?
Cell surface makers play a role in the following:
- Recognition
- Adhesion
- Signal transduction
- Cell recognition in research
What do cluster of differentiation markers do? What are their roles?
Cluster of differentiation (CD) markers signal the presence of cell surface proteins, which leads to the identification and characterization of leukocytes.
CD markers have multiple roles:
-Cell identification
-Antigen or cytokine receptors
What are other names for CD? Where are they expressed? What is the structure? What is its function?
Other names:
Expression:
Structure:
Function:
What are other names for CD1? Where are they expressed? What is the structure? What is its function?
Other names:
Five subsets CD1a– e CD1a (Leu6)
Expression: APCs
Structure: Member of Ig superfamily, binds to β2microglobuli
Function: Presents autologous and bacterial lipid antigen to T lymphocytes
What are other names for CD2? Where are they expressed? What is the structure? What is its function?
Other names: LFA2, E rosette receptor Expression: Early T and NK cells Structure: Ig superfamily Function: Binds LFA3 (CD58) on APC Activates T lymphocytes Induces cytokine production Mediates adhesion between T lymphocytes and APCs Inhibits apoptosis of activated T lymphocytes
Where are CD3 expressed? What is the structure? What is its function?
Expression: T lymphocytes (plasma cells, macrophage) Not found on NK cells
Structure: Ig superfamily δ, ε, γ, and ζ chains
Function: Required for TCR expression and signal transduction δ, ε, γ, and ζ defects causes T-B+NK+ SCID OKT3—monoclonal antibody clone, which recognizes human CD3 in the treatment of solid-organ transplant rejection and acute Tlymphocyte ALL. Leads to activation then apoptosis of T-cells causing immunosuppression
What are other names for CD14? Where are they expressed? What is the structure? What is its function?
Other names: LPS receptor
Expression: Macrophages and monocytes
Structure: Pattern recognition receptor
Function: Detects lipoteichoic acid on GPB, and LPS on GNB, mycobacteria, and fungi Mediates IL-12 and IFNγ production
What are other names for CD16 (the A receptor)? Where are they expressed? What is its function?
Other names: FcγRIIIA Low-affinity IgGR Expression: NK cells, granulocytes, and macrophages Function: ADCC
What are other names for CD16 (the B receptor)? Where are they expressed? What is the structure? What is its function?
Other names: FcγRIIIB Low-affinity IgGR
Expression: Neutrophils
Structure: Most common IgG FcR
Function: Phagocytosis
What are other names for CD18? Where are they expressed? What is the structure? What is its function?
Other names: B2 chain
Expression: Neutrophils, macrophages, monocytes, and NK cells
Structure: Combines with αL: LFA1, (CD11aCD18), αM: MAC-1 and CR3 (CD11bCD18), αX: p150,95 and CR4 (CD11cCD18)
Function:
Adhesion and signaling Defect in common β chain responsible for LAD1
Where are CD19 expressed? What is the structure? What is its function?
Expression: Pre B lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and follicular dendritic cells
Structure: Coreceptor with CD21
Function: B-lymphocyte ontogeny and activation
What are other names for CD20? Where are they expressed? What is the structure? What is its function?
Other names: L26 MS4A1
Expression:
On B lymphocytes after CD19 expression Follicular dendritic cells
Structure: Transmembra ne phosphoprotei n—forms structure like ion channel— Ca influx
Function: B lymphocyte activation and signaling
What are other names for CD21? Where are they expressed? What is its function?
Other names: CR2 C3d receptor EBV receptor
Expression: Mature B lymphocytes and follicular dendritic cells
Function: Binds EBV, HHV8, C3d, and CD23 High levels of CD21lo B cells are associated with CVID class Ia
What are other names for CD22? Where are they expressed? What is its function?
Other names: B-lymphocyte cell adhesion molecule (BLCAM)
Expression: B lymphocytes
Function: Inhibits B signaling
What are other names for CD23? Where are they expressed? What is the structure? What is its function?
Other names: Low affinity IgE receptor FCeRII
Expression: activated, mature B lymphocytes and follicular dendritic cells
Structure: Type C lectin
Function: B-lymphocyte ontogeny and activation
Which cell marker of the following is not found on NK cells: CD3, CD16, CD56?
CD3
What are other names for CD25? Where are they expressed? What is its function?
Other names: IL-2 Ra chain
Expression: Activated B and T lymphocytes
Function: Suppress self-reactive T lymphocytes. prevent CTL cytolysis, and suppress NK cells. Elevated in HLH
What are other names for CD27? Where are they expressed? What is the structure? What is its function?
Other names: TNFRSF7
Expression: Memory B lymphocytes
Structure: TNF receptor superfamily
Function: B-lymphocyte activation and Ig production Memory B lymphocytes: CD27+ Memory T lymphocytes: CD27-
What are other names for CD31? Where are they expressed? What is the structure? What is its function?
Other names: PECAM-1
Expression: Endothelial cells, platelets, monocytes, and macrophage
Structure: Ig Superfamily
Function: Cell adhesion and bind CD38
What are other names for CD32? Where are they expressed? What is its function?
Other names: FcγRII (types a, b, and c)
Expression: WBCs
Function: Binds Fc of IgG immune complexes to remove foreign antigens Binding of FcγRIIb proposed mechanism of IVIG
Where is CD34 expressed? What is its function?
Expression: Adult hematopoietic stem cells
Function: Adhesion molecule and binds CD62L (L selectin)
What are other names for CD35? Where are they expressed? What is its function?
Other names: CR1 C3b and C4b receptor
Expression: WBCs
Function: Binds immune complexes coated with C3b and C4b Cofactor for factor Imediated cleavage
What are other names for CD40? Where are they expressed? What is its function?
Other names: TNFRSF5
Expression: APCs
Function: T–lymphocyte-dependent Ig switching Expressed on B cells Defective in HIGM3
Where is CD44 expressed? What is the structure of CD44? What is its function?
Expression: Activated B and T lymphocytes
Structure: Surface glycoprotein
Function: Cell adhesion
What are other names for CD45? Where are they expressed? What is the structure? What is its function?
Other names: Leukocyte common antigen (LCA)
Expression: CD45RA naïve T lymphocytes and CD45RO memory or activated T lymphocytes
Structure: Protein tyrosine phosphatase
Function:
Defective in T-B+NK- SCID
What are other names for CD46? Where are they expressed? What is its function?
Other names: Membrane cofactor protein (MCP)
Expression: All cells (no RBC)
Function: Cofactor for factor I-mediated cleavage Adenovirus receptor
What are other names for CD49? Where are they expressed? What is its function?
Other names: Very late antigen (VLA a–f)
Expression: WBCs
Function: Receptors for fibronectin, VCAM, and others in cell adhesion
What are other names for CD52? Where are they expressed? What is its function?
Other names: CAMPATH-1 antigen
Expression: Mature lymphocytes
Function: Target for alemtuzumab (Campath)—monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of CLL
What are other names for CD54? Where are they expressed? What is its function?
Other names: ICAM-1
Expression: WBCs
Function: Binds LFA-1 (CD50). Receptor for rhinovirus.
What are other names for CD55? Where are they expressed? What is its function?
Other names: Decayaccelerating factor (DAF)
Expression: Hematopoietic cells, epithelial cells, and cell matrix
Function: Binds C3bBb and C4b2a to accelerate decay of C3 convertase Deficient in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
What are other names for CD58? Where are they expressed? What is its function?
Other names: LFA-3
Expression: WBCs
Function: Binds CD2 and adhesion
What are other names for CD59? Where are they expressed? What is its function?
Other names: Protectin Complement regulatory molecule
Expression: All cells
Function: Inhibits MAC formation by binding to C8 or C9
What are other names for CD62E? Where are they expressed? What is its function?
Other names: E selectin, ELAM1, SELE
Expression: Endothelium
Function: Ligand for CD15s, CD44, and CD162 Leukocyte rolling Defective in LAD2
What are other names for CD62L? Where are they expressed? What is its function?
Other names: LECAM-1, SELL, L Selectin
Expression: B and T lymphocytes, and NK cells
Function: Lymphocyte homing to HEV of LN Binds CD34, CD15s,and MAdCAM-1
What are other names for CD62P? Where are they expressed? What is its function?
Other names: PADGEM, SELP, P Selectin
Expression: Platelets Activated endothelial cells (membranes of Weibel-Palade bodies)
Function: Binds CD162, rolling on activated endothelial cells Defective in LAD2
What are other names for CD64? Where are they expressed? What is its function?
Other names: FcγRI High affinity IgG receptor
Expression: APC (macrophages, neutrophils, eos)
Function: ADCC
What are other names for CD95? Where are they expressed? What is its function?
Other names: Fas Apo-1 TNFRSF6
Expression: Activated B and T lymphocytes
Function: Apoptosis when ligated by FasL Defective in ALPS
What are other names for CD106? Where are they expressed? What is its function?
Other names: VCAM-1
Expression: Endothelium, fibroblasts, and respiratory epithelium
Function: VLA-4 (α4:β1) α4β7 (act-1, LPAM-1)
What are other names for CD154? Where are they expressed? What is its function?
Other names: CD40L TRAP
Expression: T lymphocytes
Function: Regulates B lymphocyte function Expressed on T-cells Defective in XHIGM (X-linked hyper-IgM)
What is the CD marker for FcγRII?
CD32
What is the CD marker for CD40L expressed on T-cells?
CD154
What are other names for CD158? Where are they expressed? What is its function?
Other names: KIR (KIR2DL, NKG2A, and others)
Expression: NK and T
Function: Binds HLA class I and inhibits NK or T cell cytotoxicity
What are other names for CD159? Where are they expressed? What is its function?
Other names: NKG2A
Expression: NK
Function: Modulates NK killing
What are other names for CD162? Where are they expressed? What is its function?
Other names: P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1)
Expression: Myeloid cells, Activated T lymphocytes
Function: Adhesion with endothelial cells
What are other names for CD178? Where are they expressed? What is its function?
Other names: CD95 ligand, FasL
Expression: Activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes
Function: Apoptosis Fas-expressing cells
What are the other names for CD4?
OKT4, CD223
What cells is CD4 expressed on?
T Helper cells Monocytes Phagocytes Dendritic cells Langerhans cells Thymocytes
What is the % T-lymphocyte expression of CD4?
65%
What is the structure of CD4?
Ig Superfamily, Monomer
What is the domain-binding MHC of CD4?
beta-2