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HERO > First-Aid Basics > Flashcards

First-Aid Basics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of a first-aider?

A

give someone help without being harmed themselves

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2
Q

When do you give someone First-Aid?

A

First aid is given to someone who is injured to keep them safe and to cause no further harm

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3
Q

Are you allowed to diagnose someone as a first aider?

A

no

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4
Q

How do you check for someone’s safety when assessing the situation?

A

Check whether you or the casualty are in danger. Is it safe to approach them?

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5
Q

Do you protect yourself first or the casualty

A

protect yourself first. never put yourself at risk

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6
Q

When do you move to help the patient

A

only move them if leaving them would cause any more harm

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7
Q

What if you cant make an area safe?

A

Call for emergency help

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8
Q

How do you assess the scene of the situation?

A

Find out what caused the accident or the situation and how many casualties there are.

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9
Q

How do you assess the situation?

A

find out what happened, how many people are involved, and how old they are. Are there children or the elderly?

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10
Q

How do you prevent Infection between You and Them

A

Wash your hands with soap and water or rub your hands with alcohol gel or wear latex-free gloves

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11
Q

Can you touch an opened wound without a glove on?

A

no

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12
Q

What do you do if you have no gloves

A

Use a clean plastic bag or ask the casualty to dress the wound if they can

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13
Q

Is it okay to sneeze, cough, or breathe over the wound?

A

no

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14
Q

How do you Comfort and Reassure the person?

A
  • stay calm and take charge of the situation
  • introduce yourself to gain their trust
  • explain the situation and what you are going to do before you do it
  • treat the casualty with dignity and respect at all times
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15
Q

What if there is more than one casualty?

A

Help the life-threatening condition first

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16
Q

What survey do you use to deal with any life-threatening condition?

A

Primary Survey

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17
Q

What survey do you use when the life-threatening condition has been dealt with?

A

Secondary Survey

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18
Q

What is the Primary Survey

A

Airway Breathing Circulation

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19
Q

How do you check their Airway

A

place one hand in forehead to tilt head back and use two fingers from other hand to life the chin

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20
Q

How do you unblock the airways

A

Remove any visible obstructions (vomit, mucus, saliva, false teeth, lose/broken teeth, food, tongue)

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21
Q

Why do we remove the obstructions

A

the casualty will not be able to breathe and will also impede the provision of rescue breathing or mouth-to-mouth resucitation

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22
Q

How do you check their breathing

A

Look at the rise and fall of the chest, listen to the sounds of inhaling and exhaling, and feel for breathing by placing your cheek next to the mouth and feeling for exhaled breath on your cheek for up to 10 seconds.
- check if their breathing is regular or irregular

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23
Q

What if the casualty is not breathing?

A

rescue breathing/ mouth-to-mouth resuscitation

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24
Q

what if the casualty is breathing?

A

continue to monitor if they continue to breathe
apply rescue breathing if their breathing stops
note their respiration rate so it can be communicated to professionals when they arrive

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25
Q

How to check for circulation

A

check if there is severe bleeding and their pulses

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26
Q

what if there is severe bleeding?

A

apply pressure to the wound and call for emergency help

27
Q

What if they are unresponsive and breathing but have no bleeding

A

call for emergency help

28
Q

What if you cannot detect a pulse

A

Do CPR

29
Q

can bleeding occur internally and externally?

A

yes

30
Q

What are the 3 sources of bleeding

A

capillaries
veins
arteries

31
Q

the smallest blood vessel that looks like a trickle and the bleeding usually stops on its own

A

capillaries

32
Q

a consistent blood flow and blood that’s a dark red color

A

veins

33
Q

this type of bleeding can range from mild to severe

A

veins

34
Q

largest blood vessels that carry a lot of oxygen

A

arteries

35
Q

blood can be lost very fast with this type of bleeding. if they are injured, bright red blood will splurt out

A

arteries

36
Q

First Aid for Bleeding

A

wash your hands or put on disposable gloves if you have them

37
Q

why wash your hands or put on gloves

A

it will protect you from infection diseases like viral hepatitis and HIV/AIDS that can spread in a persons blood

38
Q

What do you rinse the wound with

A

water or betadine

39
Q

What do you cover the wound with

A

cloth or gauze

40
Q

Why do we apply pressure to the wound

A

to stop the flow of blood and encourage clotting

41
Q

why do we elevate the bleeding part

A

to reduce the blood flow (just do this if you can)

42
Q

Can we remove the bandage if it becomes soaked?

A

no. it will interfere with the clotting process and cause more blood loss

43
Q

What do you do if the bandage is soaked

A

add more layers instead of replacing it

44
Q

what do you do when the bleeding has stopped

A

put a clean bandage

45
Q

What are puncture wounds

A

wounds caused by something sharp

46
Q

what do you call an object that is sticking out of the skin

A

impaled object

47
Q

is a type of puncture wound created at a high speed and usually leaves the object still under the surface

A

bullet wound

48
Q

what are the priorities for puncture wounds

A

bleeding control and infection

49
Q

how do you do first aid for puncture wounds

A

protect yourself, wear protective equipment
control the bleeding
know when to call for help
wash the wound
determine of wound needs stitches
dress the wound
watch for signs of infection
change and clean bandage daily
give pain relief

50
Q

how do you control bleeding from a puncture wound

A

put pressure directly on the puncture wound while holding it at a level above the heart if possible for 15 minutes. if that doesn’t work try pressure points

51
Q

how do you know when to call for help from puncture wounds

A

if any of the depth in the neck or if a deep puncture wound occurs to the abdomen, back, pelvis, thigh, or chest.

if the puncture wound is bleeding nonstop ask for help

holes in the chest can lead to collapsed lungs

52
Q

artery in between the elbow and shoulder

A

brachial artery

53
Q

artery in the groin along the bikini line

A

femoral artery

54
Q

artery behind the knee

A

popliteal artery

55
Q

when do you need to call for help or rush the injured party to the emergency room

A

when the wound is deep enough to reveal the underlying dermis or fatty subcutaneous layer, bleeding cant be stopped, showing signs of shock.

56
Q

Lacerations or puncture wounds on the ____ can cause…

A

joints, permanent nerve ligament, or tendon damage if not treated appropriately

57
Q

a significant loss of blood can lead to

A

hypovolemic shock

58
Q

signs and symptoms to watch out for in signs of shock

A

pale, cold skin
shallow, rapid breathing
difficulty breathing
rapid heartbeat
irregular heartbeat or palpitations
disorientation/ confusion
dry mouth or unusual thirst
dark urine/ no urine

59
Q

FIRST AID FOR FRACTURES

A

Dont straighten the bone
for limb: use a splint and padding to keep it still, then elevate
put a cold pack (not directly)
give person anti-inflammatory drugs

60
Q

what if all you have is a ice

A

put it in a plastic bag and wrap around shirt or towel

61
Q

this burn only affects the outer layer of skin (epidermis, upper dermis)

A

Superficial burn aka 1st degree

62
Q

this burn affects 2 layers of the skin (epidermis and part of the dermis)

A

Partial thickness burn aka 2nd degree

63
Q

this burn affects the deepest layers of skin (epidermis, dermis, and involves the subcutaneous tissues)

A

full thickness aka 3rd degree

64
Q

example of all burns

A

HERO (2 decks)

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