First Aid and Robbins

Question 1

Which cells in which structures in the kidney is responsible for sensing inadequate perfusion and secreting renin? What do the two structures make up?

Answer 1

Juxtaglomerular cells in the afferent arteriole (which actually secrete the renin)

AND

Macula Densa in the distal convoluted tubule (senses low Na)

These two structures make up the JG apparatus

Question 2

Which renal structure aids in concentrating/diluting urine and what hormones influence it?

Answer 2

The collecting duct influenced by ADH and aldosterone

Question 3

Granular Casts on a UA indicate what? What drug could cause this?

Answer 3

acute tubular necrosis, this is a potential side effect of statins

Question 4

Thiazides and furosemide lead to metabolic _____

Answer 4

alkalosis. Diuretic-induced hypochloremia and hypokalemia lead to persistent alkalosis because hypokalemia causes H+ to be exchanged for Na rather than K at the DCT

Question 5

Embryonic progression of horseshoe kidney

Answer 5

Inferior poles of kidney fuse–>ascend from pelvis–>inferior mesenteric artery gets in the way–> kidney can’t rise to the normal level