Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Dr. Mel - Reproductive > First Aid > Flashcards

First Aid Flashcards

1
Q

Mechanism in Fetal alcohol syndrome

A

Failure of cell migration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Persistent cervical sinus

A

Branchial cleft cyst
In lateral neck, ant to sternocleidomastoid M.
Immobile during swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

2 causes of abnormal male genitalia

A

No Sertoli cells or No MIF: male+female internal genitalia + male external genitalia
5 alpha-reductase deficiency: male internal G + ambiguous external G until puberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Anomalies ass w/ hypospadias + epispadias

A

Hyposp: inguinal hernia + cryptorchidism
Episp: exstrophy of bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

4 characteristics of Choriocarcinoma

A

Malignant gestational trophoblastic ds
Anaplastic cytotrophoblasts + syncytiotrophoblasts
No villi
Pulmonary metastasis: dyspnea, hemoptysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Testicular germ cell tumors

A

Very high hCG

Stimulate TSH receptors: hyperthyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

FSH receptor deficiency

A

High FSH
Low inhibin
Normal: testo, LH, DHEA, DHEAS, androstenedione

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

3 sources of estrogen + 4 sources of progesterone

A

Ovary (estradiol), adipose tissue (estrone), placenta (estriol)

Corpus luteum, placenta, adrenal cortex, testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

4 causes of high hCG + 3 causes of low hCG

A

Multiple gestations, hydatidiform moles, choriocarcinomas, Down syndrome

Ectopic/failing pregnancy, Edward syndrome, Patau syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Low birth weight: consequences + complications

A

Impaired thermoregulation, impaired immune fct, hypoglycemia, polycythemia, impaired neurocognitive/emotional dev

Infections, resp distress sd, necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hge, persistent fetal circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Double Y males (XYY)

A

Normal phenotype; very tall
Normal fertility
Ass w/ severe acne, learning disability, autism spectrum disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ovotesticular disorder of sex development

A

46XX > 46XY
Ovarian+testicular tissues
Ambiguous genitalia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

46XX disorders of sex dev

A

Ovaries
External gen: virilized or ambiguous
Excessive exposure to androgenic sterois during early gestation
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, exogenous androgens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

46XY disorders of sex dev

A

Testes
External gen: female or ambiguous
Androgen insensitivity sd (testicular feminizatin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Placental aromatase deficiency

A

Inability to synthesize estrogens from androgens
Ambiguous gen of 46XX
High testo + androsten
+/- maternal virilization in pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Androgen insensitivity syndrome (46XY)

A 
Defect in androgen receptor
Normal appearing female
Rudimentary vagina
Absent uterus/fallopian tubes
Normal functioning testes (removed)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

5 alpha-reductase deficiency

A 
46XY
Inability to convert testo to DHT
Normal internal gen
Ambiguous ext gen until puberty (high testo) w/ masculinization
Normal testo/estrogen - Normal LH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Kallmann syndrome

A 
Failure to complete puberty
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Defective migration of GnRH cells + olfactory bulb
Anosmia, infertility
Low GnRH+LH+FSH+testo
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Anticoagulation during pregnancy

A 
Heparin
Not warfarin (bone deformities, fetal hge, abortion, ophth abnl)
20
Q

5 risk factors for Placental abruption

A 
Trauma
Smoking
HTN
Preeclampsia
Cocaine abuse
21
Q

Presentation of Placental abruption

A

Abrupt painful bleeding (concealed/apparent) in 3rd trim

Possible DIC, maternal shock, fetal distress

22
Q

3 risk factors of Placenta accreta/increta/percreta

A

Prior C-section
Inflammation
Placenta previa

23
Q

2 risk factors + presentation of Placenta pevia

A

Multiparity
Prior C-section

Painless bleeding - 3rd trim

24
Q

Triad of Vasa previa presentation

A

Membrane rupture
Painless vaginal bleeding
Fetal bradycardia (<110/min)

25
Q

4 causes of postpartum hemorrhage

A

Tone (uterine atony)
Trauma (ut rupture, incision, laceration)
Thrombin (coagulopathy)
Tissue (retained products)

26
Q

5 risk factors for Ectopic pregnancy

A 
Prior ectopic pregnancy
History of infertility
Salpingitis (PID)
Ruptured appendix
Prior tubal surgery
27
Q

5 causes of polyhydramnios + 3 of oligohydramnios

A

PolyH: eso/duod atresia, anencephaly (inability to swallow); maternal db; fetal anemia; multiple gestations

OligoH: placental insuff, bilat renal agenesis, post urethral valves (inability to excrete)

28
Q

Ttt of gestational HTN

A

Anti-HTN: hydralazine, alpha-methyldopa, labetalol, nifedipine
Deliver at 37-39w

29
Q

Ttt of pre-eclampsia + eclampsia

A

IV magnesium sulfate
Antihypertensives
Delivery (for definitive ttt in pre-ecl) immediate (in ecl)

30
Q

Peyronie ds vs penile fracture

A

Peyronie: fibrous plaque in tunica albuginea
Fracture: rupture of corpora cavernosa

31
Q

2 causes + 3 ttt of Ischemic priapism

A

Sickle cell ds
Medications (sildenafil, trazodone)

Immediate ttt w/ corporal aspiration, intracavernosal phenylephrine or surgical decompression

32
Q

Lab findings in Cryptorchidism

A

Low testo if bilat, normal if unilat (Leydig unaffected)
Low inhibin B (Sertoli affected)
High FSH, LH

33
Q

Premature ejaculation

A

Medical condition (prostatitis, thyroid ds)
Substance use
Psychosocial stressors
Ass w/ anxiety, depression, erectile dysfunction
Ttt: SSRI - topical anesthetics + psychotherapy

34
Q

3 types of vaginal tumors

A

Squamous cell carcinoma: 2* to cervical SCC
Clear cell adenocarcinoma: exposure to DES in utero
Sarcoma botryoides: <4yo, desmin+, spindle-shaped

35
Q

4 risk factors + 2 presentations of dysplasia + carcinoma in situ

A

Multiple sexual partners +++
Smoking
Starting sex at young age
HIV

Asymptomatic or abnormal vaginal bleeding (postcoital)

36
Q

11 most common causes of anovulation

A

Pregnancy, polycyst ov sd, obesity, HPO axis abnl, premature ov failure (<40yo), hyperprolactinemia, thyroid disorders, eating disorders, competitive athletics, Cushing sd, adrenal insuff

37
Q

2 complications + ttt of Polycystic ovarian sd

A

High risk of db 2
High risk of endometrial cancer (2* to unopposed estrogen)

Ttt: weight reduction, OCPs, clomiphene citrate, ketoconazole, spironolactone, (metformin if hyperglyc)

38
Q

Malignant ovarian neoplasms: high risk and low risk

A

High: advanced age, infertility, endometriosis, PCOS, genetic predisp (BRCA1 or 2, Lynch, family hist)
Low: pregnancy, breastfeeding, OCPs, tubal ligation

39
Q

5 indications of Leuprolide

A

GnRH analog or antagonist

Uterine fibroids, endometriosis, precocious puberty, prostate cancer, infertility

40
Q

4 indications + 2 CI of estrogens

A

Hypogonadism + ovarian failure
Menstrual abnormalities
Hormone replacement therapy in postmenop
Men w/ androgen-dep prostate cancer

ER+ breast cancer
History of DVTs

41
Q

4 adverse effects of estrogen therapy

A

High risk of endometrial cancer
Bleeding in postmenop
Clear cell carcinoma of vagina if DES in utero
High risk of thrombi

42
Q

4 indications for Progestins

A

Contraception
Endometrial cancer
Abnl uterine bleeding
Progestin challenge: withdrawal bleeding excludes anatomic defects, chronic anovulation without estrogen

43
Q

Termination of pregnancy and emergency contraception

A

Termination: mifepristone w/ misoprostol
Emergency: ulipristal

44
Q

CI of combined contraception

A

Smokers
>35 yo
High risk of cardiovasc ds (venous TE, CAD, stroke)
Migraine + aura
Breast cancer
HyperTg - pregnancy - decompensated or active liver ds

45
Q

Ttt of BPH

A

Finasteride (5alpha-reductase)
Tamsulosin (alpha1A,D receptor antagonist)
Tadalafil (PDE type 5 inhibitor)

Dr. Mel - Reproductive (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions