First Aid Flashcards
0
Q
What is first aid?
A
It’s the first care given to injured soldiers before medical personnel are available.
1
Q
What army manual covers first aid for soliders?
A
FM 4-25.11.
2
Q
What are the 4 life saving steps of first aid?
A
- Clear the airway and restore breathing
- Stop the bleeding
- Treat and dress the wounds to prevent infections
- Prevent shock
3
Q
Whose first aid dressing should be used on the casualty?
A
Use the casualty bandage
4
Q
When should a tourniquet be used to stop the bleeding?
A
As a last resort when everything else has failed to stop the bleeding or when a limb has been cut off
5
Q
What are the four types of burns?
A
Electrical, thermal, chemical and laser
6
Q
What is the single most common cause of airway blockage?
A
THe tongue
7
Q
How do you stop bleeding?
A
- Apply a field dressing
- Apply manual pressure
- elevate the injured limb
- Apply a pressure dressing
- Apply a tourniquet
8
Q
What are the 3 types of bleeding And how do you recognize them?
A
Arterial: blood is bright red and spurts with the heartbeat
Venous: blood is dark red and flows in a steady stream
Capillary: blood oozes from the wound
9
Q
Where is a tourniquet applied?
A
Around a limb, between the injury and heart, 2-4 inches above wound and never place a tourniquet directly on a joint
10
Q
How tight should a tourniquet be ?
A
Until the bleeding has stopped
11
Q
What must be done to indicate the casualty has a tourniquet?
A
Mark the casualty a forehead with a “T” and note time of application
12
Q
When should you loosen or remove the tourniquet?
A
You should never loosen or remove a tourniquet
13
Q
Define manual pressure?
A
Firm pressure on the dressing for 5-10 mins
14
Q
What is HIV
A
Human immunovirus
15
Q
What should be applied if bleeding continues after you apply a field dressing?
A
Apply a pressure dressing after manual pressure and elevate the injury
16
Q
What are the two types of artificial respiration?
A
Mouth to mouth method and back pressure-arm lift method
17
Q
Should a casualty be given water to drink?
A
Casualties should not eat or drink
18
Q
What are the signs of shock
A
Cool, pale, damp (clammy) skin. Confusion, nausea /vomiting. Restlessness, thirst, fast breathing, fainting spells, sweating, bluish skin around mouth and lips
19
Q
When should a casualty not be placed in the shock position
A
When there is a head injury, abdominal wound, or un splinted fractured leg(s)
20
Q
What is the measure for checking the tightness of bandages
A
Two fingers should slip under the bandage
21
Q
What items should never be used as a tourniquet
A
Wire or string
22
Q
What procedure is used to restore heart beat
A
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation also known as CPR
23
Q
What is the treatment for shock
A
Move to cover if possible. Lay the casualty on their back, elevate the legs,loosen the clothing at neck, waist and feet, prevent chilling or overheating, keep them calm
24
When it scones necessary to give CPR what is the ratio of pumps to breaths for a one man rescue and a two-man rescue
One man : 15 pumps/2breaths
| Two man: 5 pumps/1 breath
25
When may resuscitation measures be stopped?
1. When a doctor tells you to stop
2. When you are relived by others
3. When you can't physically continue
4. When the casualty starts breathing on their own
26
What is the correct method of artificial respiration during an NbC attack and why?
The back-pressure-arm lift method because you will both be masked during an nbc attack
27
When is a casualty a clothing not removed to expose the wound
When the clothing is stuck to it, or during an NbC environment
28
What is unique about type "o" blood?
It can be used on anybody
29
Why should wounds be treated as soon as possible?
To control bleeding, and to protect against contamination by germs
30
What is a heat injury?
General dehydration of the body brought on by loss of water and salt through activity in the heat
31
What are the 3 categories of heat injuries
Heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke
32
Describe the signs of heat cramps
Muscle cramps of the legs, arms or abdomen, excessive sweating
33
Describe the treatment for heat cramps
Move the casualty into the shade, loosen the clothing, and give cool water
34
Name the signs of heat exhaustion
Pale, moist cool clammy skin, headache, muscle cramps. Excessive sweating, weakness, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, cramps, urge to defecate, chills, rapid breathing, confusion, tingling hands/feet
35
How should heat exhaustion be treated
Move the casualty to a cool, shaded area, loosen any tight clothing, have him or her drink a canteen of cool water, elevate the legs and monitor
36
Describe the signs of heat stroke
The person stops sweating, dry skin and hot, rapid pulse, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, mental confusion, weakness and seizures
37
How should a heat stroke be treated
Immerse the casualty in coldest water available. Remove clothing and wet entire body, transport to nearest medical facility
38
What are the two types of fractures
Open (compound) and closed (simple)
39
What is an open fracture
A broken bone that breaks through the skin
40
What should you be done first for an open fracture
Stop the bleeding
41
What are the signs and symptoms of fractures?
Pain at site, discoloration and deformity
42
Why is a fractured immbolilized
To prevent sharp edges of the bones from moving and cutting tissue, muscle, blood vessels and nerves. Doing this also reduces pain and help prevent and control shock
43
What is shock and why is it dangerous
Shock is inadequate blood flow to vital organs and tissues, if shock is uncorrected it may result in death even though the injury or conditions causing shock appear to be less than fatal
44
What is the basic proven principle in splitting fractures
Splint them where they lie
45
What does the key word "cold" mean in cold weather protection
Cold stands for Clean, avoiding Overheating, wearing Loose clothing in layers, and keeping it Dry
46
Name 5 types of cold weather and wet weather injuries
-frostbite: actual freezing of a part of body
-hypothermia: lowering of body temperature
-immersion foot/trench foot: occurs between 32 and 50 degrees
Snow blindness: pain in and around eyes
47
Describe the sings and symptoms of frostbite
Loss of sensation or numb feeling in any part of the body
Sudden whitening of the skin in affected area, followed by a momentary tingling feeling
Redness of skin in light skinned soliders, grayish coloring in dark skinned soliders
Blisters
Swollen or tender areas
Loss of previous feeling of pain in affected area
Pale, yellow waxy looking skin
Frozen area that feels solid or wooden to the touch
48
What is hypothermia
The body loses heat faster than it can produce it
49
What are the two types of hypothermia
Mild and severe
50
What precautions should be followed with hypothermia
Don't soak the frost bitten part
Don't rub it with snow
Don't expose it to an extreme heat source
Don't rub or move the frost bitten part in any way to increase circulation
Don't allow the casualty to drink alcohol or smoke
Do not treat the seriously frostbite Parts if the casualty must walk or travel to receive further treatment
51
Describe the symptoms of hypothermia
Casualty is cold. Shivering stops, but the body temp is low . Consciousness may be altered. Movement is uncoordinated, shock and coma may result of lowered body temperature
52
What is the treatment for frostbite
Warm the area at the first sign of frostbite with the casualty or a buddy's hands, underarm or abdomen.
Face ears or nose cover the area with casualty or buddy's. Hands
Feet. Place the casualty bare feet under clothing against the body of another solider
Hands. Place them inside clothing against the body, close the clothing
Loosen or remove tight clothing and any jewelry
Cover the casualty with a blanket or another dry source
53
Is a camel spider bite poisonous
No, camel spiders are not venomous however their bites can easily pierce human skin. If the bite is left untreated it may become infected
54
What are some common diseases one could contract while performing disaster relief missions
Malaria, cholera, typhoid, diarrhea, hepatitis, tuberculosis, HIV
55
Is there a cure for aids
No
56
Give two distinguishing characteristics of a non-poisonous snakes
Oval shaped head and round pupils
57
How can you identify a poisonous snake
Small deep pits between nostrils and eyes on each side of the head
58
Name the four poisonous snakes found in the us
Rattlesnakes, copperhead, water moccasins, and Coral snakes
59
Give two examples of pit vipers
Rattlesnakes, bushmasters, copperheads, fee-de-lance, Malayan pit vipers, and water moccasins
60
What does PTSD stand for
Post traumatic stress disorder
61
What is an STD
Sexually transmitted disease
62
What does aids stand for
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
63
What causes aids
The HIV virus
64
How is poised oak, sumac or ivy treated
1. Expose affected area, remove jewelry
2. Clean area with soap and water
3. Apply rubbing alcohol ( if available) to area
4. Apply calamine lotion
5. Avoid dressing the affected area
6. Seek medical help, especially if rash is severe, on genitals or face
65
Should any medical cream be put on a burn
No
66
Should blisters be opened
They should be protected and allowed to drain nAurally unless it is in an area where friction is going to cause it to break open
67
How should blisters be treated
1. Wash area with soap and water
2. Sterilize needle
3. Open blister by sticking it at the lower edges
4. Drain the blister by pressing it and removing the fluid with a clean cloth
5. Apply a bandage
68
How are open blisters treated
Clean with soap and water , apply bandage
69
What are the skin reactions to poison oak, ivy or sumac
Redness, swelling, itching, rashes, or blisters.
| Secondary infection may occur when blisters break, burning sensation , general headaches and fever
70
Can all snakes swim
Yes all species of snakes can swim
71
When are snakes most active
During the period from twilight to daylight
72
What is the best position for a casualty with a stomach wound
On his back with knees flexed
73
What is the first aid for bee stings
1. Remove stinger with knife or fingernail
Don't squeeze the vermin sac on the stinger
2. Wash the area
3. Apply ice or freeze pack if available
4. If symptoms of allergic reaction occur be prepared to preform basic life saving measures and seek medical aid immediately
74
If you found a casualty with a hole in his or her chest what would be the first thing to do
Check the back for an exit wound
75
What is an indication of a sucking chest wound
Frothy fluid bursting with each breath
76
Would you elevate the legs if there was a head injury
No
77
Should large amounts of water be given to a burn victim
No, 1 quart per hour is sufficient
78
What is self aid
Emergency treatment applied by oneself
79
What are the 4 life saving steps
1. Clear the airway
2. Stop the bleeding
3. Protect the wound
4. Treat for shock
80
What is the first aid given for snake bites
Do not attempt to cut open or suck the venom out of the bite, if the venom should seep through any damaged or lacerated tissues you could lose consciousness or die
Bite in arm or leg. Place a constricting band one or two finger widths above and below the bite, band should be tight but not cut off circulation, if there is swelling move the bands to the edges of the swelling
Keep the injured area below the level of the heart
Keep the casualty immobile and quiet
If possible wash the area with soap and water do not use any ointments
Never give the casualty food, alcohol, coffee, tea drugs or tobacco.
Remove all jewelry and watches from affected limb
Identify the snake of kill it for identification
Seek medical attention
81
What is the most common condition which requires first aid assistance
An open wound
82
How would you treat a sucking chest wound
Cover the area with plastic to stop air flow. Bandage the wound and lay the casualty o. The wound if possible or have the person sit up
83
How much water should be given to a person with an abdominal wound
None
84
What is the best one man carry that can be used for transporting a casualty long distance
The pistol belt carry
85
Describe the three degrees of burns
1st- reddening of skin
2nd- blistering
3rd- charred flesh
86
What is the most important thing to do in case of serious burns
Keep the burn clean and apply a dry sterile dressing
87
What is snow blindness
The effect of glare from a nice field or snow field has on the eyes
88
Will snow blindness only occur when the sun is shining
No it can occur during cloudy weather also
89
Is snow blindness permanent
No the condition usually heals In a few days without permanent damage
90
How should snow blindness be treated
Blindfolding or covering both eyes with dark cloth which stops the eye movement, rest, protect from further exposure to light. Seek medical care
91
What are the symptoms of snow blindness
A sensation of grit or sand in the eyes, pain in and over the eyes which feels worse when the eyeball moves, watering, redness, headache, pain on exposure to light
92
What is the treatment for hypothermia
Immediately reward body evenly with heat source
Keep them dry and protect from elements
Warm liquids gradually given if their conscious
Be prepared to start basic life support measures
Seek medical treatment immediatley. It's a medical emergency that needs to be treated as soon as possible.
93
What are the signs and symptoms of immersion foot
Affected parts cold numb and painless. Then parts become hot with blistering and shooting pains, in advanced stages the skin is pale signs bluish tint, pulse decreases, blistering swelling, heat, hemorrhage so and gangrene may follow
94
How is trench foot/ immersion foot acquired
It results from fairly long exposure of the feet to cold and wet (50-32 degrees Fahrenheit)
Inactive feet in damp or wet socks or boots or tightly laced boots which impair circulation
95
How is trench foot/ immersion for treated
```
Reward in just gradually by exposing it to warm air
Do not massage it
Do not moisten the skin
Do not apply heat or ice
Protect area from further trauma
Keep injury dry, avoid walking
Seek medical treatment
```
96
What are the symptoms of chilblain
The affected areas red, swollen, hot, tender and itchy. Continue exposure will lead to blisters or bleeding lessions
97
Describe the treatment for chilblain
The affected are usually responds to locally applied rewarding with body heat, don't rub or massage the area
98
Name 4 of the 9 line medevac request
1. Location of pick up site
2. Radio frequency, call sign and suffix
3. Number of patients by precedence
- a: urgent
- b: urgent special
- c: priority
- d: routine
- e: connivence
4. Special equipment required
5. number of patients
6. Security at pick up site
7. Method of marking pick up site
8. Patient nationality and status
9. NBC contamination
99
Is a camel bite poisonous
No. Camel spiders are not venomous. Bower their bites can easily penetrate the skin and if let untreated can become infected
100
What are some of the common diseases one could contract when performing dis eastern relief missions?
Malaria, cholera, typhoid, diarrhea, hepatitis, tuberculosis, HIV
101
How is poison oak, poison sumac, or poison ivy treated?
1. Expose affected area and remove clothing and jewelry
2. Clean area with soap and water
3. Apply rubbing alcohol (if available) to the affected area
4. Apply calamine lotion
5. Avoid dressing the affected area
6. Seek medical help, especially if the rash is severe or on the face or genitals
102
What are the symptoms of skin reactions to poison ivy, poison sumac, or poison oak?
Redness, swelling, itching, rashes, or blisters.
Secondary infection may occur when blisters break
Burning sensation, general headaches and fever
103
How are open blisters treated
1. Cleanse area with soap and water
| 2. Apply a bandage
104
Should any medication or cream be put on a burn
No
105
Should unbroken blisters be opened?
They should be protected and allowed to drain naturally unless in an area of friction is going to cause it to break open
106
How should blisters be treated
1. Wash area with soap and water
2. Sterilize a needle
3. Open blister by sticking it at the lower edge
4. Drain blister by pressing it and removing the fluid with a clean cloth or gauze
5. Apply a bandage
