First Aid Flashcards
What are the 3 Ps?
Preserve life
Promote recovery
Prevent worsening
When would you use an arm sling?
- For upper arm injuries
- Wrist injuries
- Patients who can bend their elbows
What is the benefit of using an elevation sling?
- supports fore arm and hand
- supports the arm
- can control bleeding from hand/arm
- reduces swelling
What is the process of applying dressings and bandages
- clean wound to reduce risk of infection
- use a damp dressing to prevent sticking
- secure with a Bandage
What is the definition of hazard
Anything that has the potential cause harm eg infections and diseases
What is the definition of a risk
The likely hood that the hazard will actually cause harm combined with the severity of the harm that it could result from
What are examples of PPE
- gloves
- apron
- eye protection
- sleeve protectors
- mask
- respirator hoods
- gowns/suits
- appropriate work boots
- helmets
- hi-vis
When is consent valid?
Voluntarily - not be pressured by medical staff
informed - treatment physician must give all info about treatment
Capacity - patient must have capacity
What does it mean if the patient is primary survey positive
- Patient is likely time critical
- requires timely assessment
- management of symptoms
- time critical transfer to hospital
Primary survey negative
- no abnormalities present during primary survey
- within normal parameters
- continue with following history assessment observations
What are different types of infections
- Viral
- Bacterial
- Parasitic
- Fungal
- Prion disease
What is the impact of healthcare associated infections
- Longer hospital stays
- increased antibiotic resistance
- can cause death
Chain of infection
1- Infectious agent
2- reservoir
3- portal of exit
4- mode of transmission
5- portal of entry
6- susceptible host
What are the standard precautions for infection, prevention and control
- hand hygiene
- PPE
- safe disposal of sharps
- decontamination of equipment
- managing blood and bodily fluids
- training
5 moments for hand hygiene
- before touching a patient
- before aseptic procedure
- after bodily fluid exposure
- after touching a patient
- after touching a patient’s surroundings
What to do in case of a sharps injury
- bleed it
- wash it
- cover it
- report it
What are the different levels of risk when it comes to handling equipment?
High risk - equipment that enters a sterile body cavity
Medium risk - equipment that touches the skin
Low risk - equipment that doesn’t touch broken skin
What is cleaning?
The use of water and detergent doesn’t necessarily destroy micro organisms
What is disinfection
This uses chemical agents or heat to reduce number of viable organisms
What is sterilisation
Ensures that an object is free from viral organisms and uses processes such as extreme heat or UV light
What is the chain of survival
Early recognition
Early CPR
early defib
Post resus care
What are the 5ps you should look for prior to placing defib pads on
- Patches
- pendants/piercings
- pacemaker
- perspiration
- playtex
What does IPPA stand for
Inspection
Palpation
Percussion
Auscultation
What is explicit consent
Patient had given clear permission for a specific medical treatment.
Involving a detailed discussion and obtaining the patients written signature