First Aid Flashcards
What are the 3 Ps?
Preserve life
Promote recovery
Prevent worsening
When would you use an arm sling?
- For upper arm injuries
- Wrist injuries
- Patients who can bend their elbows
What is the benefit of using an elevation sling?
- supports fore arm and hand
- supports the arm
- can control bleeding from hand/arm
- reduces swelling
What is the process of applying dressings and bandages
- clean wound to reduce risk of infection
- use a damp dressing to prevent sticking
- secure with a Bandage
What is the definition of hazard
Anything that has the potential cause harm eg infections and diseases
What is the definition of a risk
The likely hood that the hazard will actually cause harm combined with the severity of the harm that it could result from
What are examples of PPE
- gloves
- apron
- eye protection
- sleeve protectors
- mask
- respirator hoods
- gowns/suits
- appropriate work boots
- helmets
- hi-vis
When is consent valid?
Voluntarily - not be pressured by medical staff
informed - treatment physician must give all info about treatment
Capacity - patient must have capacity
What does it mean if the patient is primary survey positive
- Patient is likely time critical
- requires timely assessment
- management of symptoms
- time critical transfer to hospital
Primary survey negative
- no abnormalities present during primary survey
- within normal parameters
- continue with following history assessment observations
What are different types of infections
- Viral
- Bacterial
- Parasitic
- Fungal
- Prion disease
What is the impact of healthcare associated infections
- Longer hospital stays
- increased antibiotic resistance
- can cause death
Chain of infection
1- Infectious agent
2- reservoir
3- portal of exit
4- mode of transmission
5- portal of entry
6- susceptible host
What are the standard precautions for infection, prevention and control
- hand hygiene
- PPE
- safe disposal of sharps
- decontamination of equipment
- managing blood and bodily fluids
- training
5 moments for hand hygiene
- before touching a patient
- before aseptic procedure
- after bodily fluid exposure
- after touching a patient
- after touching a patient’s surroundings
What to do in case of a sharps injury
- bleed it
- wash it
- cover it
- report it
What are the different levels of risk when it comes to handling equipment?
High risk - equipment that enters a sterile body cavity
Medium risk - equipment that touches the skin
Low risk - equipment that doesn’t touch broken skin
What is cleaning?
The use of water and detergent doesn’t necessarily destroy micro organisms
What is disinfection
This uses chemical agents or heat to reduce number of viable organisms
What is sterilisation
Ensures that an object is free from viral organisms and uses processes such as extreme heat or UV light
What is the chain of survival
Early recognition
Early CPR
early defib
Post resus care
What are the 5ps you should look for prior to placing defib pads on
- Patches
- pendants/piercings
- pacemaker
- perspiration
- playtex
What does IPPA stand for
Inspection
Palpation
Percussion
Auscultation
What is explicit consent
Patient had given clear permission for a specific medical treatment.
Involving a detailed discussion and obtaining the patients written signature
What is implied consent
consent isn’t explicitly given by the patient but inferred from their actions or circumstances
What is capacity
Capacity refers to a patients ability to understand, make and communicate decisions about their healthcare.
Involving the patient being able to comprehend the information given allowing them to weigh benefits and risks
What is autonomy
The fundamental principle in that recognises the rights of patients to make decisions about their own healthcare
MCA 2005
1 - assume capacity
2 - support people to make their own decisions
3 - understand that people make unwise decisions, this does not mean that they’re unable to make an informed decision
4 - act in the best interest of the person
5 - when treating or caring for people who lack capacity, the least restrictive option must be chosen
What is Gillick competence
Children under the age of 16 can consent to their own treatment if they’re believed to have enough intelligence, competence and understanding
Who else can give consent on behalf of children
- parents
- the child’s legally appointed guardian
- the local authority
- a person with a residence order concerning the child
What are ReSPECT forms
- Recommended summary plan for emergency care and treatment
The form creates a summary of personalised recommendations for a persons clinical care in a cuter emergency if they don’t have the capacity to make or express choices
What should be considered when completing a mental capacity assessment
- does the person have an impairment of their mind or brain?
- does the impairment mean the person is unable to make a specific decision when they need to?
The MCA says a person is unable to make a decision if it’s believed they cannot…
- understand the info relevant to the decision
- retain that info for a long enough time to make the decision
- use it weigh up that info as part of the process of making the decision
What are factors that may affect capacity?
Transient
- drugs
- alcohol
- head injury
- infection
- memory loss
Chronic
- stroke
- dementia
- mental disability
What criteria must an adult meet to get safeguarding
- Demonstrates a need for care and support
- AND is experiencing or at a risk of abuse or neglect
- AND as a result of those care and support needs, is unable to protect themselves from the abuse/neglect
What is the criteria for care and support for adults
- their needs arise from or are related to a physical or mental impairment or illness
- as a result of adults needs, the adult is unable to achieve two or more of the outcomes
- therefore, there is, or is likely to be, a significant impact on the adults well being
What do all children have the right to
- to be protected from harm/ill treatment
- to be protected from impairment or their health. Mentally or physically
- to grow up in circumstances consistent with the provision of safe and effective care
What are the HCPC standards?
- Practice safely and effectively within scope of practice
- Practice within legal and ethical boundaries
- Look after there health and well being
- Practice as an autonomous professional
- Recognise impact of culture, equality, and diversity
- Understand importance of and maintain confidentiality
- Communicate effectively
- Work appropriately with others
- Maintain records appropriately
- Reflect on and review practice
- Assure the quality of their practice
- Understand and apply the key concepts of the knowledge base relevant to their profession
- Draw on appropriate knowledge and skills to inform practise
- Establish and maintain a safe practice environment
- Promote health and prevent ill health
What is the medicines act 1968
- was a legislation brought in to reduce the risks of new medicines
- it established the apparatus for licensing medicines and the criteria which needs to be met before a license can be granted
What is the human medicines regulation 2012
- it states that a license known as marketing authorisation should be held by all medicinal products that are:
- treating or preventing disease
- diagnosing disease
- contraception
- inducing anaesthesia
What are the three levels of medicines
- prescription only medicines
- pharmacy medicines
- general sales
What is section 17
- states medicines which a registered paramedic can administer for the immediate, necessary treatment of sick or injured persons
- for the administration of these parental medicines as paramedics does not need a prescription or the involvement of a prescriber
What is the misuse of drugs act 1971
- its regulations are intended to protect the public
- exemptions under the regulations make these medicines available to defined groups of organisations and individuals
What are the 6Ds of drug administration
- Drug - what drug
- Dose - how much
- Date - in date?
- Duration - how often do they need it
- Distance - how is drug given
- Documentation - document all info
What are the two routes of administration
- non - parental - the drug undergoes passive absorption
- parental - the skin or mucous membrane is breached
What are the routes of administration (Non - parental)
- inhaled
- oral
- nebulised
- rectal
What are routes of administration (parental)
- Intramuscular - into muscle
- Subcutaneous- a needle into the subcutaneous layer
- intravenous
- intraosseous
