First aid Flashcards
Name of types of diabetes
type one diabetes this is for young children. Insulin is to be treated.
Type two diabetes. This is for adults with obesity.
What are the effects of cardiac arrest for adults?
- Heart attack,
- breathing emergencies
- trauma
How to find out if a person has cardiac arrest?
They are , not responsive, not breathing or only has gasping breaths, and has no heartbeat
What should you do if you think a person has cardiac arrest?
1 Call 911.
2 Get the AED and first-aid kit.
3 begin CPR immediately.
4 Use AED.
Compression Rate of CPR
100-120 per minute
Depth of CPR for adults
At least 2 inches
Breaks when giving breaths
Less than 10 seconds
Chest position between compressions
Returns to normal position
How should breaths be administered during cpr.
Last about one second,chest begins to rise
How should. CPR be administered ?
 30 Chest compressions followed by two breaths
Compression position
Respondent should position their shoulders directly over their hands with their elbow is locked.
Which position are you supposed to open their you single head tilt chin lift technique 
Past neutral
What should you do between giving the first and second breath
Allow the chest to fall and the air to exit
What should you do if you cannot find the AED?
Do not delay compressions to find the AED or use it.
What is AED full form?
automated external defibrillator
What are the steps you use for AED?
Turn on the AED
Remove clothing covering the chest and wipe chest dry if necessary
Place pads correctly
Plug the pad connector cable into the AED if necessary
Clear everyone from touching a person when AED releases the heart rhythm
Clear everyone from touching the person if a shock is advised
After the shock is delivered immediately start CPR beginning with compressions.
When should you stop giving CPR?
The AED prompts you to analyse again
You notice an obvious sign of life, like breathing
Another trained responder is available to take over compressions
EMS personnel arrive and begin their care of the person
You are alone and too tired to continue
The scene becomes unsafe
Where should you place the AED?
Upper right side of the chest, other on lower left side of the chest few inches below left armpit
When should you not use pediatric AED pads?
Whenever the person is older than eight years or weighs more than 55 pounds or 25 KG as the shock delivered will not be sufficient.
What is the primary cause of cardiac arrest in infants and children?
Breathing emergencies like asthma
shock,
abnormalities in heart structure or function from birth.
Who is an adolescent?
Defined as someone from puberty through adulthood - follow adult techniques use appropriately sized equipment
Who is a child?
1- puberty follow child techniques and use appropriately sized equipment.
Who is an infant?
Someone under the age of one - when giving care use infant equipment
What is the compression depth for the child?
2 inches
What is the one hand CPR technique?
- only use with a small child-
only use if you can compress deep enough
Use one hand instead of 2
Place the heel of I hand in the center of the chest.
Compress 2 inches.
How much should you tilt the head for a small child?
Till at slightly less than past neutral
little less-than an Adult
What should you do if Drowing cause of cardiac arrest?
Before starting compressions give two breaths
How should you give compressions?
Push hard and fast 
How to give CPR for an infant?
Encircling thumbs technique
Kneel beside the baby
Thumbs below the nipple
Compression-1.5 inches
Position of AED pads for kid
Middle of chest
Between shoulder blades
How to care for a responsive choking infant?
5 backblows followed by 5 chest thrusts.
Place head on your arm and support jaw with your hand
Place body against thigh, do not block head
Give backblow with heel of your hand between shoulder blades.
Give five quick chest thrusts about 1 1/2 inches deep
Each chest thrust should be separate from the other.
Chest should return to normal between each chest thrust
How to give back blows for infants?
Placed the infants back along your forearm, place, your other forearm on the infants front supporting the infants job with your thumb and fingers turn the infant to a face down position and keeping the infants head lower than their body use the heel of your hand to get five firm back blows between the infants shoulder blades each back blow should be separate from the others
How to care for an unresponsive, choking infant?
Placed the infants back along your forearm
place your other forearm on the infants front supporting the infants jaw with your thumb and fingers turn the infant to a face down position and keep the infants head lower than their body use the heel of your hand to get five firm back blows between the infants shoulder blades each back blow should be separate from the others.
Key differences
Use the encircling thumbs technique, when giving 30 compressions to an unresponsive, choking infant if you see an object in the infant mouth, use your pinky, instead of a larger finger to do a finger sweep if you see an object.
How to give chest thrusts to an infant ?
Position the infant between your forearms support, the head and neck, and turn the infant faceup.
Lower the infant onto your thigh with their head lower than their chest
Place two fingers in the center of the infants chest just below the nipple line
Give five quick chest thrusts about 1 1/2 inches deep and each one should be separate from the others
What is CPR?
cardiopulmonary resuscitation 
What are the Effects of alcohol
Can damage organs like the liver
Weaken the immune system
Contributes to cancer
What is diabetes?
Sustained high blood sugar levels, which occurred due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin or the body cell becoming unresponsive to insulins effect
What is cardiac arrest?
heart suddenly stops beating leading to cessation of blood flow to the body and brain
What is an heart attack? 
Myocardial infarction occurs when blood flows to the heart is seriously reduced or stopped
what is anaemia? 
deficiency of red blood cells, or haemoglobin in the blood, leading to reduced oxygen transport to the body tissue
Hemophila
Hemophilia is an inherited disorder in which the blood does not clot properly.
Congenital Heart Defects
“A condition that is present at birth is said to be congential
An example is an septal defect, in which a hole in the septum allows oxygenated blood to mix with deoxygenated blood and affects the pumping efficiency of the heart. “
heart surgery
Heart surgery, also known ascardiac surgery, involves various procedures to correct or improve heart function.
Heart Murmur
Heart murmurs are abnormal sounds that are made as blood flows through the heart.
vascular disease
Vascular disease (vasculopathy) affects the blood vessels that carry oxygen and nutrients throughout your body and remove waste from your tissues.
depression
Depression, also known asmajor depressive disorder, is a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness or lack of interest in life.
Leukemia
Leukemia is a form of cancer in which any one of the different types of white blood cells is produced excessively and abnormally.
Varicose veins
Varicose veins form if valves in the veins do not close tightly enough to prevent backflow of blood.
Shock
Shockis a critical condition that occurs when the body doesn’t receive enough blood
high cholestrol
High cholesterol, also known ashyperlipidemia, is a condition where there are elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood.
bleeding disorder
bleeding disorderis a condition that affects the way your blood normally clots.
arthritis
Arthritis refers to the swelling and tenderness of one or more joints.
High blood pressure
High blood pressure, also known ashypertension, is a common condition where the long-term force of the blood against your artery walls is high enough that it may eventually cause health problems, such as heart disease.
Opioid overdose
Anopioid overdoseis a critical medical condition that occurs when someone consumes too much of an opioid substance.
Vomiting
“Vomiting, also known as emesis, is the forceful expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth. It is a protective mechanism that helps the body get rid of harmful substances or irritants.”
Diarrhea
Diarrhea is characterized by the passing of loose, watery stools and is often accompanied by abdominal pain and cramping.
thyroid
Hyperthyroidism, also known asoveractive thyroid, occurs when thethyroid glandproduces and releasesexcessive levels of thyroid hormones
Sinus
Sinusitis, also known as a sinus infection, refers to the inflammation of the tissues lining your sinuses.
Cough
A cough is a reflex reaction designed to keep your airways clear.
Dry Mouth/Throat
Dry mouth(also known asxerostomia) occurs when the salivary glands in the mouth produce insufficient saliva to keep the mouth wet.
Loss of Hearing
issues in theouter or middle ear. It may result from factors like earwax buildup, fluid accumulation, or problems with the eardrum or tiny bones (ossicles) in the middle ear.
Allergies
Allergiesoccur when your immune system reacts to a foreign substance, known as anallergen, even though it isn’t harmful.
acid reflux
Acid reflux, also known asgastroesophageal reflux (GER), occurs when stomach acid flows backward into the tube connecting your throat to your stomach, called theesophagus. This backwash of acid can cause several uncomfortable symptoms:
interstinal problems
Gastrointestinal diseases affect your gastrointestinal (GI) tract, from mouth to anus.
liver problems
Liver problems can arise from various causes such as infection, autoimmune disease, and genetic factors which may lead to significant health issues.
impotence
Impotence, also known as erectile dysfunction (ED), refers to the inability to achieve or maintain an erection firm enough for sexual activity
kidney disease
Kidney diseaserefers to a condition where the kidneys are damaged and cannot filter blood effectively.
bladder disease
Bladder diseasesencompass a range of conditions affecting the bladder
HIV
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus): It damages the immune system, making the body less able to fight infections and diseases.
tonsillitis
Infected tonsils,
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Hodgkin’s lymphoma is a type of cancer that affects the lymph tissue found in lymph nodes and the spleen.
AIDS
People with AIDS are susceptible to dangerous infections and illnesses. Acquired Immuno Defiency Syndrome
Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxisis a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur within seconds or minutes of exposure to an allergen.
