First Aid Flashcards
What is fatigue?
Physiological stress on the body and mind
What can cause fatigue u/w?
-extreme temperatures
-eye strain
-effort to maintain balance
-lack of sleep
Symptoms of fatigue include…
-inability to focus
-judgment error
-irritability
What is motion sickness?
Nausea and/or vomiting caused by an imbalance between visual images and the middle ear
Symptoms of motion sickness include…
-vomiting
-nausea
-increased salivation
-paleness
How can you prevent motion sickness?
-medication
-stay out of confined spaces
-avoid concentrating on boat movement
CPR procedures for adults, children, and infants?
Adults—30:2 compressions to breaths (both hands)
Children—30:2 compressions to breaths (one hand)
Infant—30:2 compressions to breaths (two fingers)
What are the different types of bleeding?
- Arterial; spurting blood, pulsating flow, bright red color
- Venous; steady, slow flow, dark red color
- Capillary; slow even flow
How many pints of blood are there in the adult human body?
10 pints
How do you stop normal to heavy-ish bleeding?
Apply continuous, firm pressure to the wound. If possible, wrap a roller gauze over the wound (you should be able to slip your finger underneath, not too tight).
If the bleeding seeps through the bandage, add more bandages, NEVER REMOVE
When are tourniquets best used and how do you apply one?
-Best used for victims prior going into shock and/or there is significant blood loss as a result of a missing limb or sliced artery
-place 2-3 inches above wound unless in a joint area. In that case, 2-3 inches above joint (CG answer)
-as high on limb as possible (EMT answer)
-never take it off once it’s been placed and mark the time you secured it
What are the two types of fractures?
Compound and simple
Symptoms of a broken bone include…
Pain, swelling, discoloration @ site, misalignment, and victim’s indication
How do you properly wrap/splint a broken bone?
-splint the bone in the position found
-if possible, make sure the splint is long enough to immobilize the join above and the joint below the break
Causes of burns
-thermal
-chemical
-sunburn
-electric shock
-radiation
Burn classification
- Superficial (redness, mild warmth, tenderness)
- Partial thickness (blisters, severe pain)
- Full thickness (charred)
First aid procedure for a superficial burn
Immerse in cool water, cover loosely with a clean sterile dressing
First aid procedure for a partial thickness burn
Same as a superficial burn, don’t pop blisters
First aid procedure for a full thickness burn
Loosely cover the burn, give nothing to eat or drink
First aid procedure for a chemical burn
Rinse thoroughly with water for at least 20 min
What is hypothermia?
Core body temperature dropping below 95 degrees
Signs of hypothermia include…
-slow weak pulse
-unconsciousness
-cold pale skin
-shivering
-disoriented
How would you re-warm someone with hypothermia?
-remove wet clothing down to undergarments
-place victim in a warm compartment
-put dry clothes on them
-wrap in blankets
-do not give anything to eat or drink
What are 6 types of heat related illnesses?
- Sunburn
- Heat rash
- Heat cramps
- Heat exhaustion (sweaty, dizziness)
- Heat stroke (not sweating, red skin, hot and dry to the touch)
- Dehydration
What is shock?
A depressed physiological or mental state accompanied by poor blood flow
What are the two types of shock?
Regular shock and anaphylactic
What can cause shock?
-trauma
-allergic reaction
-hypothermia
-drugs
-heart attack
-dehydration
-emotional reaction
Symptoms of shock (only the victim experiences)
-restlessness
-thirst
-nausea
-weakness
-anxiousness
-feeling of impending doom
Signs of shock (can be observed)
-weak and rapid pulse
-shallow and rapid breathing
-pale, cool, clammy skin
-dilated pupils
How to treat shock
Have the victim lie down and raise their legs 6 inches off the deck. If it is caused by an allergic reaction, use an Epi-pen if one of available
