First Aid

Question 1

What is fatigue?

Answer 1

Physiological stress on the body and mind

Question 2

What can cause fatigue u/w?

Answer 2

-extreme temperatures
-eye strain
-effort to maintain balance
-lack of sleep

Question 3

Symptoms of fatigue include…

Answer 3

-inability to focus
-judgment error
-irritability

Question 4

What is motion sickness?

Answer 4

Nausea and/or vomiting caused by an imbalance between visual images and the middle ear

Question 5

Symptoms of motion sickness include…

Answer 5

-vomiting
-nausea
-increased salivation
-paleness

Question 6

How can you prevent motion sickness?

Answer 6

-medication
-stay out of confined spaces
-avoid concentrating on boat movement

Question 7

CPR procedures for adults, children, and infants?

Answer 7

Adults—30:2 compressions to breaths (both hands)

Children—30:2 compressions to breaths (one hand)

Infant—30:2 compressions to breaths (two fingers)

Question 8

What are the different types of bleeding?

Answer 8

1. Arterial; spurting blood, pulsating flow, bright red color
2. Venous; steady, slow flow, dark red color
3. Capillary; slow even flow

Question 9

How many pints of blood are there in the adult human body?

Answer 9

10 pints

Question 10

How do you stop normal to heavy-ish bleeding?

Answer 10

Apply continuous, firm pressure to the wound. If possible, wrap a roller gauze over the wound (you should be able to slip your finger underneath, not too tight).

If the bleeding seeps through the bandage, add more bandages, NEVER REMOVE

Question 11

When are tourniquets best used and how do you apply one?

Answer 11

-Best used for victims prior going into shock and/or there is significant blood loss as a result of a missing limb or sliced artery

-place 2-3 inches above wound unless in a joint area. In that case, 2-3 inches above joint (CG answer)

-as high on limb as possible (EMT answer)

-never take it off once it’s been placed and mark the time you secured it

Question 12

What are the two types of fractures?

Answer 12

Compound and simple

Question 13

Symptoms of a broken bone include…

Answer 13

Pain, swelling, discoloration @ site, misalignment, and victim’s indication

Question 14

How do you properly wrap/splint a broken bone?

Answer 14

-splint the bone in the position found
-if possible, make sure the splint is long enough to immobilize the join above and the joint below the break

Question 15

Causes of burns

Answer 15

-thermal
-chemical
-sunburn
-electric shock
-radiation

Question 16

Burn classification

Answer 16

1. Superficial (redness, mild warmth, tenderness)
2. Partial thickness (blisters, severe pain)
3. Full thickness (charred)

Question 17

First aid procedure for a superficial burn

Answer 17

Immerse in cool water, cover loosely with a clean sterile dressing

Question 18

First aid procedure for a partial thickness burn

Answer 18

Same as a superficial burn, don’t pop blisters

Question 19

First aid procedure for a full thickness burn

Question 20

Loosely cover the burn, give nothing to eat or drink

Question 21

First aid procedure for a chemical burn

Answer 21

Rinse thoroughly with water for at least 20 min

Question 22

What is hypothermia?

Answer 22

Core body temperature dropping below 95 degrees

Question 23

Signs of hypothermia include…

Answer 23

-slow weak pulse
-unconsciousness
-cold pale skin
-shivering
-disoriented

Question 24

How would you re-warm someone with hypothermia?

Answer 24

-remove wet clothing down to undergarments
-place victim in a warm compartment
-put dry clothes on them
-wrap in blankets
-do not give anything to eat or drink

Question 25

What are 6 types of heat related illnesses?

Answer 25

1. Sunburn
2. Heat rash
3. Heat cramps
4. Heat exhaustion (sweaty, dizziness)
5. Heat stroke (not sweating, red skin, hot and dry to the touch)
6. Dehydration

Question 26

What is shock?

Answer 26

A depressed physiological or mental state accompanied by poor blood flow

Question 27

What are the two types of shock?

Answer 27

Regular shock and anaphylactic

Question 28

What can cause shock?

Answer 28

-trauma
-allergic reaction
-hypothermia
-drugs
-heart attack
-dehydration
-emotional reaction

Question 29

Symptoms of shock (only the victim experiences)

Answer 29

-restlessness
-thirst
-nausea
-weakness
-anxiousness
-feeling of impending doom

Question 30

Signs of shock (can be observed)

Answer 30

-weak and rapid pulse
-shallow and rapid breathing
-pale, cool, clammy skin
-dilated pupils

Question 31

How to treat shock

Answer 31

Have the victim lie down and raise their legs 6 inches off the deck. If it is caused by an allergic reaction, use an Epi-pen if one of available