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Medical Finals > First Aid > Flashcards

First Aid Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is First aid?

A

The immediate care given to a victim of an accident or illness to minimize the effects of injury until experts take over.

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2
Q

True or False: The correct application of first aid can mean the difference between life and death or recovery vs permanent disability

A

True

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3
Q

Why should we avoid unnecessary movement of the pt?

A

To prevent them from getting hurt even more

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4
Q

What are the first actions you would take when arriving at the scene?

A

Check the scene for safety and the number of victim(s), and call 911.

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5
Q

True or False: You should take your time when helping a pt in need of first aid

A

False

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6
Q

True or False: When providing care to multiple victims, you should prioritize the injuries

A

True

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7
Q

True or False: When providing care to a victim with an embedded object in the wound, you should NEVER remove the object.

A

True

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8
Q

When does shock occur?

A

Occurs when there is inadequate blood supply to the heart and brain

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9
Q

What are the four types of injured victims? From most severe to least.

A

Critical, serious, “walking wounded”, and fatally injured or dead

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10
Q

Why should you NOT remove old bandages?

A

Removing old bandages may remove formed clots, and cause more bleeding.

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11
Q

What are different types of injuries?

A

Bleeding you can see, bleeding you can’t see, bone or joint injuries, and environmental emergencies

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12
Q

What are some causes of shock?

A

Heart attack, stroke, poisoning, and lack of oxygen

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13
Q

What is the first thing you should determine when you get to the victim?

A

Whether or not they are conscious

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14
Q

How high should you elevate a victim’s leg, if you’re treating them for shock?

A

8-12”

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15
Q

What are some S&S of shock?

A

Sweating, cool skin, nausea, vomiting, cyanosis, and blurred vision

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16
Q

What information should you report to the dispatcher when on a 911 call?

A

Describe the situation, actions taken, exact location, number of people involved, the telephone number from which you are calling.

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17
Q

What should you do if a person refuses to give consent for care?

A

You should not proceed, if possible you should get someone to witness the refusal of care, but if the situation is life threatening call EMS.

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18
Q

What are 6 life - threatening emergencies that must be cared for first?

A

People with no pulse, severe bleeding , vomiting or passing blood, poisoning, shock, open chest or abdominal wounds

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19
Q

True or False : By using a confident and calm voice you can reassure the victim

A

True

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20
Q

What can you use as a source of information to find details about an accident?

A

Other persons present, Emergency Medical Card, examination of items present at the scene, empty medicine containers

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21
Q

True or False : Open wounds cause no break in the skin or mucous membrane but an injury occurs to the underlying tissues

A

False

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22
Q

What is the difference between a closed wound and a open wound?

A

An open wound is a break in the skin or mucous membrane but in a closed wound there are no break in the skin or mucous membrane but an injury occurs to the underlying tissues

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23
Q

What are different types of open wounds?

A

Abrasion, incision, laceration, puncture, avulsion, amputation

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24
Q

What is an Abrasion?

A

A scrape on the skin

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25
Q

True or False: When a victim is being treated for shock, they should NOT receive foods and liquids

A

True

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26
Q

What is an Incision?

A

A Cuts or injury caused by sharp objects

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27
Q

What is a Laceration?

A

A Jabbed irregular injury with tearing

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28
Q

What is a Puncture?

A

A Wound caused by sharp pointed objects

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29
Q

What is an Avulsion?

A

A Tissue torn or separates from the body

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30
Q

What are the 3 different types of burns?

A

1st degree, 2nd degree, 3rd degree

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31
Q

What is an Amputation?

A

when a Body parts cut off

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32
Q

Which type of burn is the most severe?

A

3rd degree

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33
Q

True or False: 3rd degree burns are the most severe, cause the skin to be white/charred, and very little pain is caused.

A

True

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34
Q

How does Arterial blood flow?

A

Arterial blood usually spurts from a wound results in heavy blood loss and is Bright red

35
Q

True or false: 1st degree burns cause the skin to become red, pain occurs, and there is mild swelling

A

True

36
Q

True or False: Venous blood “oozes” from the wound slowly, it is less blood and it clots easily?

A

False

37
Q

What can be used to form a protective barrier while controlling bleeding?

A

Gloves and plastic wraps

38
Q

True or False: 3rd degree burns cause blisters on the outer-layer of the skin, and is also painful

A

False

39
Q

What are 4 ways to prevent infection while caring for minor wounds?

A

Washing your hands , wiping in a outward direction, using a sterile gauze to gently blot the wounds dressing, and putting on gloves

40
Q

True or False : A common helper can remove objects that are embedded deep in the tissue?

A

False, only a physician should remove object embedded into tissues

41
Q

True or False: 2nd degree burns cause blisters to form on the outer-layer of the skin, and is also painful

A

True

42
Q

What are some signs of closed wounds?

A

Tenderness, swelling, deformity, vomited blood, blood in urine or feces

43
Q

What are the two pressure points called?

A

Brachial artery and Femoral artery

44
Q

What are different types of shock?

A

Septic, cardiogenic, hemorrhagic, anaphylactic, psychogenic, and metabolic

45
Q

True or False: Heat Exhaustion is caused when a person is exposed to heat and loses fluids

A

True

46
Q

When does frostbite occur?

A

Frostbite occurs when the freezing of a tissue causes damage to the skin and the underlying tissue.

47
Q

What are the S&S of heat exhaustion?

A

Pale clammy skins, fatigue, HA, muscle cramps, and dizziness

48
Q

What is the Rx for heat exhaustion?

A

Apply a cold wet cloth, lay the victim down and elevate their feet 8 - 12 inches, and give small sips of H2O

49
Q

What are some S&S of frostbite?

A

Redness and tingling at first, pale white glossy skin, blisters, and numbness

50
Q

What is a Heat stroke?

A

A heat stroke is a prolonged exposure to high temperatures, causing internal T to be > 105 degrees

51
Q

True or False: When providing care to a victim with an embedded object within the wound, you should control the bleeding around the object.

A

True

52
Q

What are some S&S of Heat Stroke?

A

Hot or/and dry skin, sm pupils, rapid pulse

53
Q

What are 5 signs of infection?

A

Swelling, heat, redness, fever, and pus

54
Q

What are some S&S of strokes?

A

Face dropping, arm weakness, numbness, speech difficulty

55
Q

What are 4 ways poisoning can happen?

A

Swallowed/ingested, inhaled, injected, and contacted through the skin

56
Q

What are the different types of muscle injuries?

A

Muscle strains, muscle contusion, sprains

57
Q

What does R.I.C.E. stand for?

A

Rest, Ice, Compress, Elevate

58
Q

True or False: If a victim has blisters caused by burns you should NEVER break the blisters.

A

True

59
Q

What causes hypothermia?

A

Hypothermia is caused by prolonged exposure to very cold temperatures.

60
Q

Can a fractured wound be elevated?

A

No, this is to insure that more injury isn’t caused.

61
Q

What are the S&S for choking in adults?

A

No coughing, no speaking or breathing, cyanosis, and the universal sign of choking

62
Q

What are some S&S of hypothermia?

A

Shivering, numbness, weakness, and confusion

63
Q

True or False : If a choking victim refuses help you can carry on to do the Heimlich maneuver

A

False

64
Q

Where should the hands be positioned when doing the heimlich maneuver?

A

Under the xiphoid process and two fingers above the navel

65
Q

True or False: If blood soaks through the dressing, you can remove it.

A

False

66
Q

Where should you tie the knot, when applying a dressing?

A

Over the wound

67
Q

What should you do if an adult choking victim becomes unconscious?

A

You should gently lower victim to the ground and start CPR and before you do breaths, look inside the person’s mouth to to check for the object and if it is visible use a “J” hook motion to scoop the item out

68
Q

True or False: The position for treating shock is based on the victim’s injuries.

A

True

69
Q

What would you do if you notice that a shock victim is perspiring, and has already been covered with blankets?

A

Remove some of the blankets

70
Q

True or False If an infant is choking they should be given 12 black blows and 6 chest thrusts?

A

False, an infant should be given 5 back blows and 5 chest thrust

71
Q

True or False: When providing treatment for wounds, you should be prepared to treat shock.

A

True

72
Q

True or False: You should discuss the victim’s personal information to others at the scene to maintain confidentiality.

A

False

73
Q

What causes cardiogenic shock?

A

When the heart cannot pump effectively because the heart muscle is damaged.

74
Q

What are the three factors that may affect the type of treatment you provide?

A

The type of injury or illness
The environment
Equipment or supplies on hand

75
Q

What are three senses that can alert you to an emergency situation?

A

Listening to unusual sounds
Looking for unusual sights
Note any unusual, unfamiliar, or strange odors

76
Q

True or False: Capillary blood “oozes” from the wound slowly, is less red, and clots easily

A

True

77
Q

Psychogenic shock

A

This is when emotional distress causes sudden dilation of blood vessels

78
Q

True or False : Septic shock is when hypersensitive or allergic reaction causes blood to release histamines

A

False, septic shock is caused by an acute infection

79
Q

True or False: You should only provide treatment that you are qualified to provide.

A

True

80
Q

How would you position a victim who is vomiting or bleeding from the mouth?

A

Position the victim on their side to prevent them from choking on blood and/or vomit, or vomited material.

81
Q

What is the name of the shock that is caused by severe bleeding which leads to a decrease in blood volume?

A

Hemorrhagic shock

82
Q

True or False : Metabolic shock happens when a loss of body fluid causes disruption in normal acid above the balance of the body.

A

True

83
Q

How would you position a victim with respiratory distress?

A

Raise the victim’s head and shoulders to make breathing easier. The victim should be positioned lying flat or with their head raised slightly.

Medical Finals (1 decks)

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