Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LG > First Aid > Flashcards

First Aid Flashcards

1
Q

Priorities of First Aid
PAPP

A

Preserve life
Alleviate suffering
Prevent the situation getting worse
Promote casualty recovery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Heart Attack (symptoms)

A

Dizzyness, nausea
Chest pain
Feeling of impending doom
Rapid/weak/irregular pulse
Tingling sensation/ pain in left arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Heart Attack (signs)

A

Pale grey skin
Coughing
Blue tinge to skin/ lips
Sweaty skin
Breathing difficulty
Clutching chest
Sudden collapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Heart Attack (treatment)

A

Call 999 (emergency help)
Assist casualty into comfortable position(half-sitting is best)
Loosen tight clothing
Ask for any medication they have and use as prescribed
Reassure casualty
Remove causes of stress/ anxiety (if possible)
Monitor casualty
Be prepared to perform CPR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Shock (symptoms)

A

Dizzyness
Confused
Disorientated
Nauseous
Thirst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Shock (signs)

A

Pale, cold clammy skin
Blueness of lips/ extremities
Weak rapid pulse
Rapid shallow breathing
Unconsciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Shock (treatment)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sprains (symptoms/signs)

A

Casualty will complain of pain and difficulty moving

Swelling may occur
Bruising
Discolouration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Strains (symptoms/signs)

A

Casualty will complain of localised but intense pain at site of injury

If it occurs in a limb, there may be obvious swelling
Injury may result in severe cramp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sprains & Strains (treatment)

A

RICE
Rest
Ice (reduce swelling - no longer than 20minutes)
Comfortable position
Elevation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cramp (symptoms/signs)

A

Swimmer cannot relax muscle
Pain in muscle

Muscle will feel hard and tight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cramp (treatment)

A

Support casualty as appropriate
Stretch muscle by carefully and gently straightening the affected muscle
Can be relieved by massaging area
Rest should be taken before further activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Head Injuries
Concussion
Compression
Skull fracture

A

Concussion is where the casulaty may have altered level of consciousness, be disorientated/confused, lack of ability to remember or go unconscious

Compression is potentially fatal where there is pressure to the brain from traumatic head injury (skull fracture) or bleed in brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Head Injury (symptoms)

A

Dizzyness, confusion
Possible nausea/ vomiting
Possible short term memory loss
Headache (mild-intense)
Possible seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Head Injury (signs)

A

Change in skin colour (pale, clammy, flushed)
Unusual breathing pattern
Dilated pupils
Blood or fluid coming from ears/nose
Bleeding, swelling or bruising on head
Soft area or depression in skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Head Injury (treatment)

A

Call 999
If conscious, help casualty lie down (keep head, neck, body in line incase of spinal)
Look for & treat any other injuries

If unconscious and breathing, place casualty into recovery position and monitor breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Penetrating Chest Injury (symptoms)

A

Difficult and painful breathing that can be rapid, uneven, shallow
Severe and acute pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Penetrating Chest Injury (signs)

A

In the case of open wound, you may hear air being sucked into chest cavity
Blue/grey skin
Frothy coughed up blood
Bubbling blood from wound
Sound of air being sucked in through wound as casualty breathes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Penetrating Chest Injury (treatment)

A

Call 999
Sit casualty in most comfortable position leaning toward injured side
Do not try to cover open chest wound
Control associated bleeding with direct pressure
If casualty remains conscious support in same position

If casualty becomes unconscious but breathing put in recovery position

If casualty not breathing begin CPR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Flail Chest (Symptoms/signs)

A

Painful shallow breathing
Severe difficulty whilst trying to breathe
Symptoms of fracture

Paradoxical chest movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Flail Chest (treatment)

A

Call 999
Sit casualty in most comfortable position leaning toward injured side
Support arm on injured side to help keep the weight of the arm off the injury
If casualty becomes unconscious but still breathing place them in recovery position

If casualty is not breathing begin CPR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Fractured Ribs (symptoms/signs)

A

Pain at site of injury
Swelling or tenderness
Difficulty breathing
Bruising at site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Fractured Ribs (treatment)

A

Help casualty sit down
Support the arm on injured side
Arrange transport to hospital

24
Q

Eye Injury (symptoms/signs)

A

Itchy
Pain in or around eye
Vision may be impaired

Eye may water
Redness/ swelling around eye
Inability to open injured eye

25
Q

Eye Injury (treatment)

A

Take care if wearing contact lenses
Advise casualty not to rub eye
Gently separate eyelids with finger and thumb
Examine the eye
If you see foreign object, wash out with sterile solution/tap water, tilting head to keep water away from good eye

If it doesn’t work, apply eye pad to the affected eye & tell casualty to close good eye to keep injured eye still
Make arrangement for casualty to get medical help (even if item is removed)

26
Q

Eye Injury (chemical)

A

Wash eye with continuous flow of cool water for at least 20 minutes, tilting head so water doesn’t run into good eye
Give details of chemical to emergency services on arrival

27
Q

Dental Injury (symptoms/signs)

A

Pain
Difficulty speaking

Bleeding
Swelling
Damage to tooth/teeth

28
Q

Dental Injury (treatment)
Tooth is broken/chipped

A

Retrieve any broken parts and store in cow’s milk
Encourage casualty to rinse mouth with warm water
Seek immediate attention from dentist

29
Q

Dental Injury (treatment)
Tooth is knocked out

A

If possible, ask casualty to place tooth back into the socket (rinse tooth for max 10 seconds under cold water)
If not possible, rinse under cold water for max 10 seconds and warp the tooth in cling film, if water not available store in cow’s milk
Seek immediate attention from dentist
Where socket is bleeding get the casualty to bite on a sterile pas and maintain pressure

30
Q

Fainting (causes)

A

Injury
Illness
Fatigue
Long periods in hot stuffy atmosphere
Long periods of standing still

31
Q

Fainting (symptoms)

A

Nausea
Blurred vision
Black spots in front of eyes

32
Q

Fainting (signs)

A

Face may become pale
Sweat may be visible on face, neck, hands
Brief unconsciousness
Cold clammy skin
Shallow breathing
Slow, weak pulse

33
Q

Fainting (treatment)

A

Feels like they’ll faint:
Reassure them
Advise them to breathe deeply but slowly
Lay them down and raise legs
Loosen tight clothing
Where possible, ask bystanders to leave
When they recover, give them sips of water

Full faint:
Lay casualty down and raise legs
Check airway and breathing is normal
If the casualty does not come around quickly and is breathing normally place in recovery position and monitor
Call 999

34
Q

Stroke (symptoms/signs)

A

FAST
Face - has their mouth or side of the face drooped, can they smile
Arms - Can they raise both arms
Speech - Can they speak clearly and can they understand you
Time - Call 999 immediately

35
Q

Stroke (treatment)

A

Call 999
Keep casualty comfortable, if they are responsive lay them down with head slightly raised
Re-assure them, but if they have a problem with speech they could have difficulty answering
Monitor responsiveness and breathing
If they become unconscious but breathing normally place in recovery position and monitor breathing

36
Q

Poisoning - Drug, Alcohol, Chemical & Gases (symptoms)

A

Difficulty breathing
Dizziness
Nausea
Abdominal pains
Confusion
Headache

37
Q

Poisoning - Drug, Alcohol, Chemical & Gases (signs)

A

Evidence of poisonous substance e.g. chemicals, drugs, medication, food
Unusual smell in area or on breath e.g. gases
Vomiting
Burns and swelling
Pale skin

38
Q

Poisoning - Drug, Alcohol, Chemical & Gases (treatment)

A

Move casualty to safe space
Remove cause
Do not induce vomiting
For swallowed corrosive substances, rinse mouth and gives sips of water/milk
Treat injuries e.g. burns
If casualty is unconscious and breathing normally place in recovery position and monitor breathing
Call 999
If CPR is required use face mask
Collect and pass on any information on poison

39
Q

Insect Bites & Stings (symptoms/signs)

A

Casualty will complain of pain

In most cases there will be swelling in the area around the sting, there may be redness

40
Q

Insect Bites & Stings (treatment)

A

If visible try to remove sting by brushing it out and away from the skin
Apply a cold compress to relieve pain and swelling for up to 20 minutes
For stings in the mouth the casualty should suck on ice, call 999
For severe sting see treatment for anaphylactic shock

41
Q

Diabetic Emergency

A

Hypoglycaemia - Too little sugar
Rapidly deteriorating level of responsiveness

Hyperglycaemia - Too much sugar

42
Q

Diabetic Emergency Hypoglycaemia (symptoms)

A

Loss of concentration
Rapid pulse
Faintness or dizziness
Trembling of the limbs
Confusion
Occasionally aggressive (mood swings)

43
Q

Diabetic Emergency Hypoglycaemia (signs)

A

Pale skin
Profuse sweating
Shallow breathing
Unconsciousness
Casualty could be mistaken for someone who is drunk

44
Q

Diabetic Emergency Hypoglycaemia (treatment)

A

Conscious casualty:
Sit them down and give them sugary drink or a form of sugar (glucose tablets 15-20g e.g 150ml fizzy drink/ fruit juice or 3 tsps. sugar)
If casualty responds give further sugary food or drink, let them rest and advise them to seek further medical advice
If they don’t respond to treatment call 999

Unconscious casualty:
Call 999
If you are sure casualty is breathing place in recovery position and monitor
Monitor airway and breathing
Carry out CPR if required

45
Q

Diabetic Emergency Hyperglycaemia

A

Will normally reognise symptoms themselves and manage their own treatment

Symptoms/signs
Excessive thirst, increased need to urinate, drowsiness
Rapid pulse, sweet, fruity smelling breath

Call 999

46
Q

Seizures (signs)

A

Casualty may collapse suddenly
Muscles stiffen and back may arch
Lips may go blue
Limbs may make sudden jerking movement
Eyes may roll
Teeth may clench and saliva may drool
Breathing could be like loud snoring
Casualty may lose control of bladder

47
Q

Seizures (treatment in water)

A

Support the casualty to keep their face out of the water
Make sure casualty’s head does not hit you or poolside
If possible, support casualty in shallow water away from sides until seizure is over
Once seizure has finished remove casualty from pool
Once the seizure has finished casualty may feel tired and fall into deep sleep
Monitor breathing
Reassure casualty
Be prepared to start CPR
Call 999 for seizure in water as water may have been inhaled
Do not restrain casualty and only move them if there is danger

48
Q

Seizure (treatment out of water)

A

Objects which could cause injury should be removed
Protect the head, put something soft under head if on hard surface
Loosen any clothing around casualty’s neck that may restrict breathing
Time the seizure to note exact time and duration

49
Q

Seizure (treatment after)

A

Casualty should rest quietly until they are fully recovered
Casualty may feel tired and fall into deep sleep
If you are sure they are breathing normally place into recovery position and monitor breathing

50
Q

Seizure (call 999 if…)

A

Seizure lasts longer than 5 minutes
Casualty has a second seizure
Casualty has injured themself
It is the casualty’s first ever seizure
The casualty does not wake up after 10 minutes of recovery

51
Q

Absence Seizure (symptoms/signs)

A

Common signs are jerking and twitching
Casualty plucking at their clothes
Swallowing repeatedly
Lip smacking
Wondering around appearing dazed

52
Q

Absence Seizure (treatment)

A

Support casualty with head out of water
Guide casualty away from pool or any danger
Help casualty to sit or lie down in quiet place
Reassure casualty
Stay with casualty until they are fully alert

53
Q

Heat Exhaustion (symptoms/signs)

A

Nausea
Loss of appetite
Headaches
Dizziness or confusion
Rapid, weakened pulse and breathing
Muscle cramp

Sweating
Pale clammy skin

54
Q

Heat Exhaustion (treatment)

A

Move casualty to a cool place
Encourage them to sip water
Assist the casualty to lie down and raise legs
Cool the skin but do not allow them to get cold
If casualty is unconscious and you are sure they are breathing normally place into recovery position
Call 999

55
Q

Hypothermia (symptoms/signs)

A

Cold
Very slow pulse
Tired

Shivering
Changes in behavior
Slurred speech
Confusion or forgetfulness
Stiffening of muscles
Pale, cold skin
Infants may become quiet

56
Q

Hypothermia (treatment)

A

Call 999
Handle casualty gently (in severe cases movement may cause heart to stop)
Move casualty to warm place
Remove wet clothing
Assist casualty to sit in comfortable position
Wrap blankets around casualty to gradually increase temperature
Sip warm drink and eat high energy food (chocolate)
Maintain close observation of casualty’s breathing and level of consciousness
If casualty is unconscious but breathing normally place into recovery position and monitor breathing

LG (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions