first aid

Question 1

assessing a casualty

DRSABCD

Answer 1

Danger  is the area safe?

• Response  check for a response. Is the casualty conscious?
• Send for help  Call for an ambulance
• Airways  Is the airway open and clear?
• Breathing  look, feel and listen for breathing, if no signs start CPR
• CPR  30 compressions/2 breaths
• Defibrillator  attach a defibrillator ASAP
• gather information
• do head-to-toe examination
• check vital signs

Question 2

reasons for unconsciousness

Answer 2

(AEIOU TIPS)
Alcohol or asphyxiation 
- Epilepsy 
- Insulin 
- Overdose
- Uraemia- kidney damage 
- Trauma
- Infection
- Pretend, pressure or poison 
- stroke, spinal injury or shock 

place casualty in lateral position

Question 3

CPR and Defib.
head tilt
pressure
depth
breaths
no. of breaths
compression rate
compression per min

adult, child, infant?

Answer 3

Adult (over 9 yrs) Child (1-8 yrs) Infant (birth- 1 yr)
Head Tilt Maximum Maximum Nil
Pressure Two hands One/two hands Two fingers
Depth 1/3 of chest depth 1/3 of chest depth 1/3 of chest depth
Breaths Full breaths Small breaths Puffs
No. of Breaths 2 2 2
Compression Rate 30 30 30
Compressions per min 100-120 100-120 100-120

Question 4

common cause of cardiac arrest

Answer 4

Blockage of arteries  build-up of cholesterol or fatty substances meaning oxygenated blood can’t reach the muscle causing it to die

• Electrocution
• Envenomation
• Drowning
• Shock

Question 5

treatment for cardiac arrest

Answer 5

CPR

Question 6

tell me about shock

Answer 6

• Causes for shock:
- Serve bleeding - Fluid loss
- Major trauma - Heart damage
- Abnormal dilation of blood vessels due to infections, allergic reactions or serve brain or spinal injury
• 4 key signs of shock are: Pale, Sweaty, Agitated and thirsty
• Treatment:
- Control bleeding or treat wounds - Monitor Vital signs
- Keep casualty calm and warm - not hot - Lay casualty down
- NOTE: No eating or drinking

Question 7

fainting treatment

Answer 7

• Lay the casualty down- If pregnant, place on left-hand side
• Elevate the legs

if they don’t recover quick call ambulence

Question 8

Heart attack cause

Answer 8

serve constriction or total blockage of the cardiac vessels.

Question 9

What is angina?

Answer 9

narrowing/blockage of the arteries

Question 10

Chocking - outline treatment

Answer 10

lean forward, bend at waist, 5 hard blows, if unsuccessful 5 chest thrusts.

Question 11

 Emphysema:

Answer 11

progressive chronic airway disease