first aid Flashcards
assessing a casualty
DRSABCD
Danger is the area safe?
- Response check for a response. Is the casualty conscious?
- Send for help Call for an ambulance
- Airways Is the airway open and clear?
- Breathing look, feel and listen for breathing, if no signs start CPR
- CPR 30 compressions/2 breaths
- Defibrillator attach a defibrillator ASAP
- gather information
- do head-to-toe examination
- check vital signs
reasons for unconsciousness
(AEIOU TIPS) Alcohol or asphyxiation - Epilepsy - Insulin - Overdose - Uraemia- kidney damage - Trauma - Infection - Pretend, pressure or poison - stroke, spinal injury or shock
place casualty in lateral position
CPR and Defib. head tilt pressure depth breaths no. of breaths compression rate compression per min
adult, child, infant?
Adult (over 9 yrs) Child (1-8 yrs) Infant (birth- 1 yr)
Head Tilt Maximum Maximum Nil
Pressure Two hands One/two hands Two fingers
Depth 1/3 of chest depth 1/3 of chest depth 1/3 of chest depth
Breaths Full breaths Small breaths Puffs
No. of Breaths 2 2 2
Compression Rate 30 30 30
Compressions per min 100-120 100-120 100-120
common cause of cardiac arrest
Blockage of arteries build-up of cholesterol or fatty substances meaning oxygenated blood can’t reach the muscle causing it to die
- Electrocution
- Envenomation
- Drowning
- Shock
treatment for cardiac arrest
CPR
tell me about shock
• Causes for shock:
- Serve bleeding - Fluid loss
- Major trauma - Heart damage
- Abnormal dilation of blood vessels due to infections, allergic reactions or serve brain or spinal injury
• 4 key signs of shock are: Pale, Sweaty, Agitated and thirsty
• Treatment:
- Control bleeding or treat wounds - Monitor Vital signs
- Keep casualty calm and warm - not hot - Lay casualty down
- NOTE: No eating or drinking
fainting treatment
- Lay the casualty down- If pregnant, place on left-hand side
- Elevate the legs
if they don’t recover quick call ambulence
Heart attack cause
serve constriction or total blockage of the cardiac vessels.
What is angina?
narrowing/blockage of the arteries
Chocking - outline treatment
lean forward, bend at waist, 5 hard blows, if unsuccessful 5 chest thrusts.
Emphysema:
progressive chronic airway disease