First 3 chapters

Question 1

Politics

Answer 1

The pursuit of power by a group within a community

Question 2

Power

Answer 2

The ability to influence the freedom of others

Question 3

Puzzle

Answer 3

The starting question of a political science/comparative politics enquiry, with “no obvious answer”

Question 4

Inductive Reasoning

Answer 4

First case study -> hypothesis

Question 5

Causal relationship

Answer 5

A cause-effect relationship between two variables (one phenomenon causes the other)

Question 6

Correlation

Answer 6

A relationship between two associated variables are affected by one another/ positive- negative

Question 7

Variable

Answer 7

In the field of political studies, a measurable phenomenon (eg number of women accessing primary education)

Question 8

Multicausality

Answer 8

Many variables interact to produce particular outcomes

Question 9

Endogeneity

Answer 9

An unclear cause-effect relationship in which one variable is both cause and effect of another - l’uovo e la gallina

Question 10

“The motor of history”

Answer 10

Endogeneity (l’uovo e la gallina)

Question 11

Modernization theory

Answer 11

A comparative politics school of thought that argues that the more economic development a country experiences, the more democratic it gets

Question 12

Behavioural revolution

Answer 12

A shift in political thought that privileges the analysis of individual behaviour over institutional action

Question 13

Area study

Answer 13

A regionally focused enquiry in political science

Question 14

Institutions

Answer 14

Organizations or patterns of activity that
are self-
perpetuating
and valued for their own sake. Emmbedded into people’s life so much that they are not easily changed or surpassed

Question 15

Informal Institutions

Answer 15

Institutions whose importance is not established by formal rules, but bear significance/power nontheless (eg The World Trade Center)

Question 16

Formal Institutions

Answer 16

Institutions whose importance is sanctioned by formally established rules (eg The Penthagon)

Question 17

Legitimacy

Answer 17

A feeling that a prectice is justifiable/morally righteous

Question 18

Freedom

Answer 18

The ability of the individual to act independently without fear or restrictions by the state or other parties within a society

Question 19

Equality

Answer 19

A material standard of living shared by all within a community

Question 20

Ideal

Answer 20

An idea on how things should go

Question 21

Justice/Unjustice

Answer 21

The measure in which our ideals have been met

Question 22

Macro-level approach

Answer 22

How biology (of a population) interacts with social forces

Question 23

Micro-level approach

Answer 23

How the cognition of the individual shapes their actions

Question 24

Foxes

Answer 24

Forecasters that submit their opinions to frequent revision and hold a variety of ideas that do not follow a certain world view (better forecasters)

Question 25

Hedgehogs

Answer 25

Forecaster that tend to give general explanations based on the values they hold about the world

Question 26

State

Answer 26

A monopoly of power/a set of institutions with the ability and scope of trasforming freedom and equality (as other possible ideals ) into action

Question 27

Categories of legitimacy (3)

Answer 27

Traditional, Charismatic, Rational-legal

Question 28

Relationship the state ensures

Answer 28

Balance between individual freedom and collective equality

Question 29

Asymmetric federalism

Answer 29

Power is devolded unevenely to regional bodies

Question 30

"kind of a protection racket"

Answer 30

the state

Question 31

Regime

Answer 31

the set of fundamental rules that regolate freedom and equality in a state

Question 32

Consensus

Answer 32

A group of individuals agree on a regime

Question 33

Coercion

Answer 33

Ruler imposes their authority to maintain the regime

Question 34

Max Weber

Answer 34

made the division in types of legitimacy

Question 35

Federalism

Answer 35

Power is devolved to regional bodies

Question 36

Charismatic Legitimacy

Answer 36

It's valid because it abides to a belief or idea (M5S)

Question 37

Charismatic Legitimacy

Answer 37

It's valid because it abides to a belief or idea (M5S)

Question 38

Rational-legal legitimacy

Answer 38

It's valid because they got power in the way we established we would get power (Lega claiming to have won the elections)

Question 39

Stateness

Answer 39

What makes a state a state

Question 40

Unitary state

Answer 40

State where political power is concentrated at the national level

Question 41

Ethnicity

Answer 41

Provides group identity

Question 42

National identity

Answer 42

a shared political inspiration

Question 43

Ethnicity

Answer 43

a set of institutions forming a common culture that binds people together

Question 44

National identity

Answer 44

a shared political inspiration

Question 45

citizenship

Answer 45

relationship between a group and a state

Question 46

ascription

Answer 46

assignining a certain quality to an individul at birth

Question 47

A social and not a political identity

Answer 47

Ethnic identity

Question 48

Exists when people aknowledge and are aknowledged by outsiders to be part of a specific group

Answer 48

Ethinicity

Question 49

Political Ideology

Answer 49

set of political values that are considered the fundamental goal of politics

Question 50

Society

Answer 50

People bound by shared institutions that define how life should be lived

Question 51

National identity

Answer 51

common political aspirations (?)

Question 52

Civic Nationalism

Answer 52

based on certain political ideals

Question 53

Ethnic Nationalism

Answer 53

Based on a shared ethnicity

Question 54

Political and not social form of belonging to a group

Answer 54

citizenship

Question 55

Ethnic conflict

Answer 55

fight for benefits of own's ethnic group /fight for priviledge

Question 56

National conflict

Answer 56

fight for the sovereignity (independence conflicts)/ fight for mere power over a region

Question 57

Political attitude

Answer 57

Views regarding the pace and aim of the balance of freedom and equality

Question 58

Radicals

Answer 58

believe in dramatic change of the status quo

Question 59

Liberals

Answer 59

believe in evolutionary change: not breaking the system and building it up from scratch, but chnging it from within

Question 60

Conservatives

Answer 60

change is not necessary

Question 61

Radicals

Answer 61

change is necessary but the solution is to restore the previous order of things that has been lost

Question 62

Liberalism (ideology)

Answer 62

Individual political and economic freedom

Question 63

liberal democracy

Answer 63

a system of political, social, and economic liberties supporte by contestation, competition, and partecipation

Question 64

Communism

Answer 64

Equality over individual freedom

Question 65

Social democracy

Answer 65

protects invidual politicl nd economic freedom but regulates it for the sake of equality

Question 66

Fascism

Answer 66

No notion of equality; individual freedom is in function of a hierarchy of superior nd inferior

Question 67

Anrchism

Answer 67

No state can solve the problem of equlity; complete individual freedom as the means to equality

Question 68

Political culture

Answer 68

political activity is an institution