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Comparative Politics > First 3 chapters > Flashcards

First 3 chapters Flashcards

1
Q

Politics

A

The pursuit of power by a group within a community

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2
Q

Power

A

The ability to influence the freedom of others

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3
Q

Puzzle

A

The starting question of a political science/comparative politics enquiry, with “no obvious answer”

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4
Q

Inductive Reasoning

A

First case study -> hypothesis

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5
Q

Causal relationship

A

A cause-effect relationship between two variables (one phenomenon causes the other)

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6
Q

Correlation

A

A relationship between two associated variables are affected by one another/ positive- negative

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7
Q

Variable

A

In the field of political studies, a measurable phenomenon (eg number of women accessing primary education)

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8
Q

Multicausality

A

Many variables interact to produce particular outcomes

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9
Q

Endogeneity

A

An unclear cause-effect relationship in which one variable is both cause and effect of another - l’uovo e la gallina

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10
Q

“The motor of history”

A

Endogeneity (l’uovo e la gallina)

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11
Q

Modernization theory

A

A comparative politics school of thought that argues that the more economic development a country experiences, the more democratic it gets

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12
Q

Behavioural revolution

A

A shift in political thought that privileges the analysis of individual behaviour over institutional action

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13
Q

Area study

A

A regionally focused enquiry in political science

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14
Q

Institutions

A

Organizations or patterns of activity that
are self-
perpetuating
and valued for their own sake. Emmbedded into people’s life so much that they are not easily changed or surpassed

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15
Q

Informal Institutions

A

Institutions whose importance is not established by formal rules, but bear significance/power nontheless (eg The World Trade Center)

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16
Q

Formal Institutions

A

Institutions whose importance is sanctioned by formally established rules (eg The Penthagon)

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17
Q

Legitimacy

A

A feeling that a prectice is justifiable/morally righteous

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18
Q

Freedom

A

The ability of the individual to act independently without fear or restrictions by the state or other parties within a society

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19
Q

Equality

A

A material standard of living shared by all within a community

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20
Q

Ideal

A

An idea on how things should go

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21
Q

Justice/Unjustice

A

The measure in which our ideals have been met

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22
Q

Macro-level approach

A

How biology (of a population) interacts with social forces

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23
Q

Micro-level approach

A

How the cognition of the individual shapes their actions

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24
Q

Foxes

A

Forecasters that submit their opinions to frequent revision and hold a variety of ideas that do not follow a certain world view (better forecasters)

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25
Q

Hedgehogs

A

Forecaster that tend to give general explanations based on the values they hold about the world

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26
Q

State

A

A monopoly of power/a set of institutions with the ability and scope of trasforming freedom and equality (as other possible ideals ) into action

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27
Q

Categories of legitimacy (3)

A

Traditional, Charismatic, Rational-legal

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28
Q

Relationship the state ensures

A

Balance between individual freedom and collective equality

29
Q

Asymmetric federalism

A

Power is devolded unevenely to regional bodies

30
Q

“kind of a protection racket”

A

the state

31
Q

Regime

A

the set of fundamental rules that regolate freedom and equality in a state

32
Q

Consensus

A

A group of individuals agree on a regime

33
Q

Coercion

A

Ruler imposes their authority to maintain the regime

34
Q

Max Weber

A

made the division in types of legitimacy

35
Q

Federalism

A

Power is devolved to regional bodies

36
Q

Charismatic Legitimacy

A

It’s valid because it abides to a belief or idea (M5S)

37
Q

Charismatic Legitimacy

A

It’s valid because it abides to a belief or idea (M5S)

38
Q

Rational-legal legitimacy

A

It’s valid because they got power in the way we established we would get power (Lega claiming to have won the elections)

39
Q

Stateness

A

What makes a state a state

40
Q

Unitary state

A

State where political power is concentrated at the national level

41
Q

Ethnicity

A

Provides group identity

42
Q

National identity

A

a shared political inspiration

43
Q

Ethnicity

A

a set of institutions forming a common culture that binds people together

44
Q

National identity

A

a shared political inspiration

45
Q

citizenship

A

relationship between a group and a state

46
Q

ascription

A

assignining a certain quality to an individul at birth

47
Q

A social and not a political identity

A

Ethnic identity

48
Q

Exists when people aknowledge and are aknowledged by outsiders to be part of a specific group

A

Ethinicity

49
Q

Political Ideology

A

set of political values that are considered the fundamental goal of politics

50
Q

Society

A

People bound by shared institutions that define how life should be lived

51
Q

National identity

A

common political aspirations (?)

52
Q

Civic Nationalism

A

based on certain political ideals

53
Q

Ethnic Nationalism

A

Based on a shared ethnicity

54
Q

Political and not social form of belonging to a group

A

citizenship

55
Q

Ethnic conflict

A

fight for benefits of own’s ethnic group /fight for priviledge

56
Q

National conflict

A

fight for the sovereignity (independence conflicts)/ fight for mere power over a region

57
Q

Political attitude

A

Views regarding the pace and aim of the balance of freedom and equality

58
Q

Radicals

A

believe in dramatic change of the status quo

59
Q

Liberals

A

believe in evolutionary change: not breaking the system and building it up from scratch, but chnging it from within

60
Q

Conservatives

A

change is not necessary

61
Q

Radicals

A

change is necessary but the solution is to restore the previous order of things that has been lost

62
Q

Liberalism (ideology)

A

Individual political and economic freedom

63
Q

liberal democracy

A

a system of political, social, and economic liberties supporte by contestation, competition, and partecipation

64
Q

Communism

A

Equality over individual freedom

65
Q

Social democracy

A

protects invidual politicl nd economic freedom but regulates it for the sake of equality

66
Q

Fascism

A

No notion of equality; individual freedom is in function of a hierarchy of superior nd inferior

67
Q

Anrchism

A

No state can solve the problem of equlity; complete individual freedom as the means to equality

68
Q

Political culture

A

political activity is an institution

Comparative Politics (4 decks)

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