Firearms pre read

Question 1

Always

Answer 1

ALWAYS establish whether a weapon is loaded or unloaded, whenever you pick it up, hand it to, or take it from any person.

Question 2

MAKE SAFE

Answer 2

MAKE SAFE any loaded weapon not required for immediate use, by holstering it or placing the selector to safe.

Question 3

NEVER

Answer 3

NEVER draw a weapon from the holster OR place a selector lever to fire unless you can justify doing so.

Question 4

ALWAYS (2)

Answer 4

ALWAYS point the weapon in a safe direction and never at any person unless you can justify doing so within the law.

Question 5

KEEP

Answer 5

KEEP your finger outside the trigger guard unless you believe there is an imminent threat to life.

Question 6

Section 1 of PACE refers to the powers an officer has to S&S any person. The officer must ….

Answer 6

The officer must have reasonable grounds to suspect the person may be in possession of any stolen or prohibited article.

Question 7

A constable may exercise any power conferred by this section (S.1 PACE) -

Answer 7

In any place to which at the time when he proposes to exercise the power the public
or any section of the public has access (but not a dwelling)

Question 8

Regarding S.1 PACE, A constable May also search

Answer 8

Any person or vehicle
Anything which is in or on a vehicle;
For stolen or prohibited articles

Question 9

Section 17 PACE Entry

Answer 9

W - warrant of arrest issued in connection with or arising out of criminal proceedings;
A - Arresting a person for an indictable offence
S - Arresting a person for “some summary offences
P - Arresting a person who is unlawfully at large
S - Saving life or limb or preventing serious damage to property

Question 10

Firearms act 1968
Section 1 : Requirement of firearm certificate.

Answer 10

(1) Subject to any exemption under this Act, it is an offence for a person—

(a)to have in his possession, or to purchase or acquire, a firearm to which this section
applies without holding a firearm certificate in force at the time, or otherwise than as
authorised by such a certificate;

(b)to have in his possession, or to purchase or acquire, any ammunition to which this
section applies without holding a firearm certificate in force at the time, or otherwise than
as authorised by such a certificate, or in quantities in excess of those so authorised.

Question 11

The expression “firearm” means—

Answer 11

(a)a lethal barrelled weapon;

(b)a prohibited weapon;

(c)a relevant component part in relation to a lethal barrelled weapon or a prohibited
Weapon;

(d)an accessory to a lethal barrelled weapon or a prohibited weapon where the accessory is designed or adapted to diminish the noise or flash caused by firing the weapon;
and so much of section 1 of this Act as excludes any description of firearm from the category
of firearms to which that section applies shall be construed as also excluding component
parts of, and accessories to, firearms of that description.

Question 12

In subsection (1)(a), “lethal barrelled weapon” means

Answer 12

a barrelled weapon of any description from which a shot, bullet or other missile, with kinetic energy of more than one joule at the muzzle of the weapon, can be discharged.

Question 13

Sec 47 (1) Firearms Act 1968 (Person/Vehicle – Firearms) - (Power to stop and search)

Answer 13

A constable may require any person whom he has reasonable cause to suspect—

(a)of having a firearm, with or without ammunition, with him in a public place; or

(b)to be committing or about to commit, elsewhere than in a public place, an offence relevant for the purposes of this section, to hand over the firearm or any ammunition for examination by the constable.

Question 14

Power to Search (Firearms act) (Sec 47(3 & 4))

Answer 14

In order to exercise the above power, a Police Officer may:

a. Search:

The person; and

Any vehicle involved; and

b. Detain the person or vehicle in order to do so.

A Police Officer may enter any place to exercise this power. (Sec 47(5)).

Question 15

“An offence relevant for the purposes of this section” - Sec 18 (1),(2) & Sec 20

Answer 15

Having firearm or imitation firearm with intent to commit an indictable offence or to
resist arrest; or
Trespassing with firearm in building/on land without good reason,

Question 16

Sec 48(1) Firearms Act 1968 (Production of Certificate)

Answer 16

A Constable may demand, from any person whom he believes to be in possession of a
firearm or ammunition to which sec 1 of this Act applies, or of a shotgun, the production of
his firearm certificate

Failure will give a Power to Seize/Detain Firearm, Ammunition or Shotgun (Sec 48(2))

Question 17

Sec 32 Police and Criminal Evidence act 1984 (Premises)

Person

Answer 17

A constable may search any person arrested at a place other than at a police station on
reasonable grounds that-

The person may present a danger to themselves or others;

Concealed on the arrested person is anything which might be:

o Used to assist escape from custody
o Evidence relating to the offence.

Question 18

Sec 32 Police and Criminal Evidence act 1984 (Premises)

Premises

Answer 18

If a person is arrested for an indictable offence, at a place other than at a police station, a
constable can enter and search any premises in which that person was –

When arrested;

Immediately before they were arrested;

For evidence relating to the indictable offence for which arrested, providing reasonable
grounds exist to believe that the evidence is on the premises.

Question 19

Sec 18(1) Police and Criminal Evidence act 1984 (Premises) (Inspectors Authority)

Answer 19

Subject to the following provisions of this section, a constable may enter and search any
premises occupied or controlled by a person who is under arrest for an indictable offence, if

he has reasonable grounds for suspecting that there is on the premises evidence other than
items subject to legal privilege, that relates-

To that offence; or

To some other indictable offence which is connected with or similar to that offence.

Question 20

Vehicles
Sec 163 Road Traffic Act 1988

Answer 20

Constable in uniform - may require driver of mechanically propelled vehicle on a road to
stop.

Question 21

NDM

Answer 21

Code of ethics in the middle

Information & Intelligence

Victim, subject, location, time

Assess threat and risk and develop a working strategy

Tactical parameters

Consider powers and policy

Identify options and contingencies

Take action and review

Question 22

SFC

Answer 22

Strategic firearms commanders (thinkers)

Question 23

TFC

Answer 23

tactical firearms commanders (Planners)

Question 24

OFC

Answer 24

Operational firearms commanders (Doers)

Question 25

BUGEE

Answer 25

Be prepared to back off

Use of effective cover

Give space and time if possible

Early negotiation

Evacuate immediate area

Question 26

EMD

Answer 26

Emotionally and mentally distressed person

Question 27

Challenging and communicating with subjects (what should AFO’s do)

Answer 27

Where circumstances permit, AFO’s should identify themselves as armed officers and give clear direction to the subject. Oral and visual warnings should make the subject aware of the nature of the armed police intervention and serve as a clear warning to them and make it clear that force and/or firearms may be used

Question 28

Section 3 Criminal Law Act 1967

Answer 28

A person may use such force as is reasonable in the circumstances in the prevention of crime, or in effecting or assisting in the lawful arrest of offenders or suspected offenders or of persons unlawfully at large

Question 29

Section 117 PACE 1984 : Power of constable to use reasonable force.

Answer 29

Where any provision of this Act—
(a)confers a power on a constable; and
(b)does not provide that the power may only be exercised with the consent of some person, other than a police officer,
the officer may use reasonable force, if necessary, in the exercise of the power.

Question 30

Common Law

Answer 30

‘If you have an honestly held belief that you or another are in imminent danger then you may use such force that is reasonable and necessary to avert that danger’

Question 31

Article 2 ECHR – Right to life

Answer 31

1. Everyone’s right to life shall be protected by law. No one shall be deprived of his life intentionally save in the execution of a sentence of a court following his conviction of a crime for which this penalty is provided by law.
2. Deprivation of life shall not be regarded as inflicted in contravention of the Article when it results from the use of force which is no more than absolutely necessary:
   a. in defence of any person from unlawful violence;
   b. in order to effect a lawful arrest or to prevent the escape of a person lawfully detained;
   c. in action lawfully taken for the purpose of quelling a riot or insurrection.