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Fire Fighter I > Fire Service & Firefighter Safety > Flashcards

Fire Service & Firefighter Safety Flashcards

1
Q

What is an AHJ?

A

Authority having jurisdiction

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2
Q

What is the mission of fire services?

A

To save lives, and to protect property and the environment from fires and other hazardous situations.

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3
Q

What is the “all hazard” concept?

A

It’s a coordinated approach to a wide variety of incidents; all responders use a common set of authorities, protections, and resources.

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4
Q

What services are included in an all-hazard concept?

A
  • Community Risk Reduction
  • Fire Suppression
  • Technical Rescue
  • Emergency Medical Services
  • Fire Cause Determination
  • Hazardous Materials Mitigation
  • Airport and Seaport Protection
  • Emergency Management Services
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5
Q

Who is responsible for establishing the manner in which its fire sevice is organized?

A

The Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ)

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6
Q

What are the components of fire service organization?

A
  • Type of department - Note that these can be public (funded by a municipality, county district, or other AHJ to protect the community) or private (funded by their parent organization to provide services to a single company, facility, or municipality) as well as volunteer, career, or combination
  • Number of facilities and their locations
  • Types and number of apparatus
  • Number of personnel
  • Organizational hierarchy
  • Functions and responsibilities of specific jobs and ranks
  • Minimum training and cerification level requirements to attain those ranks
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7
Q

What is the most common fire department organizational structure?

A

Scalar. This is defined as having an uninterrupted series of steps. That is, decisions and information are directed from the top (fire chief) down through intermediate levels to the base of the structure. See below:

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8
Q

Inside a scalar system, unity of command ensures what?

A

That each member of the command chain reports to only one supervisor.

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9
Q

In a scalar system, what are the five organizational principles to function effectively as a member of your organization?

A
  • Chain of command
  • Unity of command
  • Span of control - this is typically 3 to 7 people per supervisor with the ideal being 5
  • Discipline
  • Division of labor
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10
Q

What is a composite fire department?

A

A mixture of career and volunteer firefighters.

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11
Q

What is a fire company?

A

A fire company is the basic unit of firefighting operations. It is comprised of an apparatus, firefighters, and is lead by a company officer.

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12
Q

What is a fire battalion or response district?

A

Multiple fire companies in a single response area that are grouped together.

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13
Q

What are all the different types of fire companies?

A
  • Engine company
  • Truck (Ladder) company
  • Rescue company
  • Brush company
  • Hazardous materials company
  • Emergency medical/ambulance company
  • Aircraft rescue & fire fighting (ARFF) company
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14
Q

What are the duties of an engine company?

A
  • Fire suppression at structures, vehicles, wildland and any other areas
  • Search and rescue
  • Extraction
  • Ventilation
  • Emergency medical care
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15
Q

What are the duties of a truck (ladder) company?

A
  • Forcible entry
  • Search and rescue
  • Ventilation
  • Salvage
  • Overhaul
  • Utilities control
  • Provides access to upper levels of a structure
  • Provides elevated water streams, extractions and emergency medical care
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16
Q

What are the duties of a rescue company?

A

They search for and remove victims from areas of danger or entrapment, and may be specially trained to perform technical rescues or serve as the rapid intervention crew (RIC).

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17
Q

What are the duties of a brush company?

A

They extinguish ground cover or grass fires and protect structures in areas close to fields and wildlands.

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18
Q

What are the duties of a hazardous material company?

A

They mitigates hazardous material incidents.

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19
Q

What are the duties of an emergency medical company?

A

They provide medical care to patients and may tranfer them to hospital if required.

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20
Q

What are the duties of an ARFF company?

A

They perform rescue and fire suppression activities for aircraft incidents.

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21
Q

True or False: Volunteer firefighters are not jurisdictional employees.

A

True. They may be full-time but are not jurisdictional.

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22
Q

What are the two kinds of personel that can be found in some volunteer and at most career fire departments?

A
  • Line personnel - deliver emergency services
  • Staff personnel - provide administrative and logistical support to line personnel
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23
Q

Who sets the professional qualifications for firefighters?

A

​In most jurisdictions, these are based on NFPA 1001. They are set by the AHJ and typically include:

  • High school diploma or GED
  • 18 years and older
  • Medical requirements
  • Physical fitness requirements
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24
Q

What medical care must applicants be able to perform?

A

Basic medical care such as:

  • CPR
  • Bleeding control
  • Infection control
  • Shock management
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25
Q

True or False: A Firefighter 1 is subordinate to a Firefighter 2.

A

True

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26
Q

What are the six potential specializations a Firefighter 2 may have?

A
  • Fire apparatus driver / operator
  • Hazardous materials technician
  • Rescue technician
  • Airport technician
  • Wildland firefighter
  • Emergency medical services personnel
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27
Q

What are the duties of a driver?

A
  • Drive the apparatus
  • Operate pumps and aerial devices
  • Service and maintain the apparatus
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28
Q

What are the duties of a hazardous materials technician?

A

They are certified to mitigate HAZMAT and chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, or explosive emergencies.

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29
Q

What are the duties of a rescue technician?

A
  • Perform rescues at high-angle (rope),
  • Trench,
  • Structural collapse,
  • Confined space,
  • Vehicle and machinery
  • Water
  • Ice
  • Cave or mine
30
Q

What are the duties of a wildland firefighter?

A

They extinguish fire in vegetation and protect structures from wildfires.

31
Q

What types of officers are there in a fire department?

A
  • Company officers
  • Fire department incident safety officers
  • Fire department health and safety officers
  • District / battalion chiefs
  • Assistant / deputy chiefs
  • Fire marshals
  • Fire chiefs
32
Q

What is a company officer?

A

A person who supervises a fire company at the station and at incidents.

33
Q

What is a fire department incident safety officer?

A

A person who moniters personnel safety at an incident. This task may be assigned to any qualified fire officer at the scene.

34
Q

What is a fire department health and safety officer?

A

A person who monitors the health and safety program.

35
Q

What is a district / battalion chief?

A

A person who supervises a group of fire companies and stations. They can also manage units responsible for logistics, prevention, training, planning, or other functions.

36
Q

What is an assistant / deputy chief?

A

A person who manages upper level functions, such as emergency operations, administration, prevention, or training.

37
Q

What is a fire marshal?

A

A person who manages prevention, plans review, and investigation divisions.

38
Q

What is a fire chief?

A

The person responsible for all operations within the department.

39
Q

What are the responsibilities of the fire prevention division?

A
  • Code enforcement
  • Plans review
  • Community risk reduction (CRR)
40
Q

What positions are associated with the fire prevention division?

A
  • Fire prevention officer / inspector
  • Plans examiner
  • Fire and arson investigator
  • Fire and life safety educator
  • Fire prevention engineers
41
Q

What are the duties of a fire prevention officer?

A

Inspection and enforcement of building codes

42
Q

What are the duties of a plans examiner?

A

They ensure code compliance by reviewing architectural and site plans and fire protection system plans and calculations for new construction and renovations.

43
Q

What are the duties of fire and arson investigators?

A

They investigate fires and explosions to determine their cause and origin.

44
Q

What are the duties of fire and life safety educators?

A

They educate the public about fire and life safety hazards, fire causes, and precautions or actions to take before and during a fire.

45
Q

What are the duties of fire protection engineers / specialists?

A

They check architectural and fire protection systems plans for proposed buildings to ensure compliance with local fire and life safety codes and ordinances.

46
Q

What positions are associated with a training division?

A
  • Instructors
  • Training officer - oversees all training activities and instructors
47
Q

What is a policy?

A

A policy is a guide to descision-making within an organization. They be created in response to government mandates, such as certification training, or changes to operational needs. Ideally these are written as opposed to being norms or past practices.

48
Q

What’s the difference between standard operating procedures and standard operating guidelines?

A

Procedures are detailed, written plans that list specific steps for approaching a recurring problem or situation. Most organizations provide members with standard operating procedures (SOP) to enable all members to perform tasks to a specific standard. Note that some organizations also provide standard operating guidelines (SOG) which are not hard and fast rules like SOP, and may provide members with some leeway in particular situations.

49
Q

What is NIMS-ICS?

A

NIMS-ICS stands for National Incident Managment System- Incident Command System. This is a US standard to improve interoperability / interaction among all of the many departments that respond to emergencies. It covers the following 6 major functions:

  • Command
  • Operations
  • Planning
  • Logistics
  • Finance / administration
  • Intelligence
50
Q

What agencies and organizations does the fire service frequently interact with?

A
  • Emergency medical services & hospitals - they supplement care provided by the fire service and may deploy doctors to the scene, if needed
  • Disaster management
  • Law enforcement - scene and traffic control, explosive disposal
  • Utility companies - to shut off gas, electricity, or water
  • Media - to alert the public of incidents and activities
51
Q

What are the responsibilities of a fire fighter I?

A
  • Establish work areas at emergency scenes
  • Force entry into structures
  • Set up and use ground ladders
  • Extinguish fires as part of a team
  • Conduct search and rescue as part of a team
  • Illuminate a scene
  • Tie knots for hoisting tools
  • Connect to hydrants and perform hose lays for attack
  • Turn off building utilities
  • Communicate over radios
  • Clean, inspect, and maintain equipment such as ladders, hand tools, hoses, etc.
52
Q

What are the six hazards to which firefighters might be exposed on duty?

A
  • Hazardous materials releases
  • Communicable diseases
  • Energized electrical equipment
  • Driving / riding in apparatus during emergency responses
  • Non-emergency issues, such as substance abuse
  • Other hazards associated with fire fighting, such as building collapses
53
Q

What is the biggest risk to fire fighter health and safety?

A
54
Q

What is the most prominent safety standard and regulation for firefighting?

A

The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 1500, Standard on Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Program, which specifies the minimum requirements for a fire department safety and health program. Among topics included are:

  • Training and education
  • PPE
  • Medical and physical requirements
  • Emergency operations - specifically that they be managed through an incident management system (IMS) or incident command system (ICS) that includes a risk management system and a personnel accountability system
  • Wellness programs
  • Assistance programs
  • Infection and exposure control programs
55
Q

What is a SCBA?

A

Self-contained breathing apparatus

56
Q

What is NFPA 101?

A
57
Q

When should personnel be fully equiped with PPE?

A

Whenever they are operating in an environment that is immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH).

58
Q

What are the componants of the risk management plan and accountability system?

A
  • Operations must have intervention crews on-site for firefighter rescue
  • Rehabilitation facilities
  • Postincident analysis
59
Q

When should a firefighter wear a body substance isolation (BSI)?

A

Whenever working on a patient to prevent the transfer of infectious diseases.

60
Q

What are the six recommendations for decreasing exposure to carcinogens?

A
  • Wear SCBA around fire or smoldering buildings
  • Remain upwind of smoke and diesel exhaust
  • Remove contaminated gear before entering rehab area
  • Do not wear contaminated gear near people without PPE
  • Thoroughly clean contaminated gear before wearing again
  • Wash your body thoroughly after a fire
61
Q

True or False: Higher skin temperatures decrease the skin’s ability to absorb chemicals deposited on it.

A

False. Higher temperatures from high intensity industrial fires increase the absorbtion of chemicals on the skin.

62
Q

What is the ratio for increased skin absorbtion to change in skin temperature?

A

400% for every 5 degrees increase.

63
Q

What five things should you constantly be surveying when on the fireground (i.e. situational awareness)?

A
  • Location of fire and your proximity to it
  • Changes in the fire’s behavior, spread, or growth, including rapid development
  • Changes to a building’s structural integrity
  • Wind direction and strength
  • Hazards that may have been missed during the size-up
64
Q

What is the proper way to mount and dismount an apparatus?

A

False. Use of the handholds are optimized when going backwards out of the apparatus and therefore poses a smaller threat of falling.

65
Q

What are the four things that pose a safety hazard to passengers of an apparatus?

A
  • Loud noise
  • Loose equipment
  • Danger of falls within the apparatus if not wearing seatbelt (which is the law in PA)
  • Danger of apparatus being hit by another vehicle
66
Q

True or False: Firefighters must wear their fire helmets while inside the apparatus.

A

False. This policy is set by each company and will vary. At YMFC, you are not to wear your helmet inside the apparatus.

67
Q

What are the four things a firefighter can do to maximize their safety within the apparatus?

A
  • Stay seated and belted
  • Wear hearing protection
  • Secure loose objects
  • Close cab doors properly
68
Q

What is a control zone?

A

Emergency responders typcially secure an incident scene by establishing a control zone. This is done by cordoning off the scene by typing rope, fireline, or caution tape to a stationary object. Within a control zone, there can be several areas:

  • Hot zone - This is where trained personnel are working
  • Warm zone - This is immediately outside the hot zone. Here, people here support those in the hot zone by providing tools, lighting, and fire protection.
  • Cold zone - This is farthest from the hot zone and may include the incident command post, locations of rapid intervention crews, rehabilition area, and staging areas for equipment.
69
Q

What precautions should be taken when using emergency scene lighting?

A
  • Be careful not to blind others, including passing traffic
  • Never connect more lights than the power source can support or you’ll overtax it and cause damage
  • Do not immerse power cords or connections in water
70
Q

What is an accountability system?

A

A mechanism for incident commanders to keep track of personnel on a fire scene. Types of systems include:

  • Passport System - In this system firefighters give their tag to a supervisor or accountability officer (AO) before they enter the IDLH and collect them when they exit.
  • SCBA Tag Systems - In this system firefighters give the tag from their SCBA to the AO who records time of entry and expected time of exit. As with the passport system, firefighters collect these tags when exiting the IDHL. On extended operations, relief crews are sent in before interior crews run low on air.
  • Computer Systems - These include radio or radar based tracking systems that alarm if a firefighter becomes immobile or calls for assistance.

Fire Fighter I (15 decks)

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