Fire Safety - Falsh Cards Flashcards

1
Q

What key legislation and regulations govern fire safety in the industry?

A

The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005, The Fire Safety Act 2021, The Fire Safety Regulations 2022 and the Building Safety Act 2022.

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2
Q

What is the Fire Safety Order 2005?

A

Defines responsible person and places responsibility on them within an organisation to carry out risk assessments to identify, manage and reduce the risk of fire, provide suitable training, implement emergency procedures.

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3
Q

What is the Fire Safety Act 2021?

A

Further guidance interned for the responsible person. It clarifies the scope of the Fire Safety Order making it clear it applies to structure, external walls and individual flat entrance doors between domestic properties.

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4
Q

What is the Fire Safety Regulations 2022?

A

Implemented recommendations of the PH1 Grenfell report which required law change, improvement of fire safety within blocks of flats, imposed new duties of responsible person, covers full encapsulation of building.

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5
Q

What does the Fire Safety Regulations 2022 imply the responsible person must do on high rise buildings?

A

Multi occupied building at least 18 meters or 7 or more stores - Share electronic building information with the FRS, keep info in secure fire info box on site, install wayfinding in high rise.

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6
Q

What is the Building Safety Act 2022 and its purpose?

A

Act created clear framework for design, construction and Managment of safer and higher quality homes. Ensure building safety is paramount following Grenfell Tower tragedy.

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7
Q

What are some key implementations within the Building Safety Act 2022?

A

Duty holder responsibilities - client, PC, BSA PD.
Building safety Regulator - HSE for all high risk.
Golden thread of information - Accurate recording and availability of information.
Amendments to RRFSO - Improve and simplify responsible persons duties.

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8
Q

What is the role of the BSA PD?

A

BSA or B.Regs Principal Designer duty holder must take all reasonable steps to ensure the design work on a project is co-ordinated to demonstrate compliance with the Building Regulations

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9
Q

What is the definition of a high risk building?

A

At least 18 meters in height, or has at least 7 stories or more, contains at least 2 residential units and can be a hospital or care home.

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10
Q

What legislation would you refer to when specifying works associated with fire safety?

A

Approved document B, BS9999

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11
Q

What is within Approved Document B? Provide an example.

A

Fire Safety - Travel distances in commercial 1 direction 18m 2 directions 45m.

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12
Q

What recent updates have been included in Part B?

A

Sprinkler systems needed in blocks of flats.
Wayfinding signage needed in blocks over 11m.
Ban on combustable materials on and in extrnal wall systems.
Coming soon, two escape stairwells needed in high risk,

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13
Q

What is within BS9999? Provide an example.

A

British Standard for fire safety in the design, management and use of buildings - Defines risk profiles of building types, further expanding on travel distances for both two and one way escape routes.

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14
Q

What is the summary of the Grenfell Tower Inquiry phase 1 report?

A

Looked at the events of the night of the incident, and made recommendation to ban combustible cladding material, fire safety responsible persons duty changes, Building safety regulator.

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15
Q

What is the summary of the recent Grenfell Tower Inquiry phase 2 report?

A

Looked at the process leading up to the event - failings of the government, LA, manufacturers, BBA, management of fire safety in the buoding. Made recommendations to form single construction industry regulator, further review approved doc B, regulators put in place for FRA and fire engineering.

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16
Q

What regulations have been implemented as a result of the Grenfell Tower enquiry?

A

Building safety Act 2022, updates to approved document B.

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17
Q

What are the most common causes of fire and their location?

A

National Fire Protection Association list the five most common; cooking equipment, heating, electrical, lighting, smoking and arson.

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18
Q

How would you go about protecting the structure of a building?

A

Timber - fire protective coatings, hard wood timbers burn slower, protect with fire linings, cavity barriers and fire stopping.
Steel - intumescent paint, protect with fire lining, cavity barriers and fire stopping.

19
Q

What are the regulations on escape requirements from a building?

A

Approved doc B defines means of escape as a structural means.
Commercial - 18m in one direction, 45m in two directions.
Residential - 9m in one direction, 18m in two directions.

20
Q

What is passive fire protection? Provide examples.

A

Built into the structure - walls, floors, ceilings, doors, fire stopping, protection of escape routes and vital structural members.

21
Q

What is active fire protection? Provide examples.

A

Detecting, stopping and escaping - Alarms, lighting, suppression, smoke ventilation, extinguishers.

22
Q

What are the different categories of fire and smoke detection systems?

A

L - Life, categories 1 - 5, M - Manual, P - Property.

23
Q

What are the different levels of a Life rated fire detection system?

A

1 - Highest, whole building covered. 2 - on and around escape routes. 3 - Around escape routes. 4 - Escape routes and circulation areas. 5 - All other situations.

24
Q

What is a place of relative safety?

A

Place where there is no immediate danger but there could be in the future, e.g.. escape route.

25
Q

What is a place of ultimate safety?

A

Place outside the building away from it where there is no danger.

26
Q

What is the Joint Fire Code Policy?

A

Refers to Fire Protection on Construction Sites: The Joint Fire Code. Covers all activities form design to construction, typically on projects above £2.5m

27
Q

What is the difference between a fire stop and a cavity barrier?

A

A cavity barrier fills concealed gaps within walls, ceilings etc. Fire stopping fills visible gaps around openings or joints in fire-rated walls.

28
Q

How can fires be contained by the structure of a building?

A

Use of compartments in the form of, fire rated partitions, cavity barriers, fire stopping.

29
Q

What three things are required to start a fire?

A

Heat / oxygen / fuel

30
Q

What is the principle legislation that describes the responsibilities of a building owner or manager?

A

The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005, supplemented by the updated regulations within the Fire Safety (England) Regulations 2022, which introduces new duties for owners or managers.

31
Q

What is the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005?

A

Covers general fire safety for England and Wales, consolidating previous sets of documents for clarity. Sets out responsibilities for owners or building mangers who have a responsibility to introduce steps to reduce risks and provide adequate escape in a fire. Including FRA.

32
Q

What is the purpose of a fire risk assessment?

A

Undertaken by a competent person, where they assess the building for fire risk and provide recommendation to make it safer.

33
Q

What are the five key steps in undertaking an FRA?

A
  1. Identify the hazard,
  2. Identify people at risk,
  3. Evaluate risk, implement control or reduction methods, provide precautions to deal with remaining risk,
  4. Record, communicate and document findings and actions,
  5. Review and update regularly.
34
Q

Would a chartered building surveyor be competent to undertake a Fire Risk Assessment?

A

Law is not specific, they can if they are competent to do so meaning they have undertaken training and experience. Key info includes fire science, passive / active measures, B.Regs, legislation.

35
Q

What guidance can you refer to for fire safety in schools?

A

Building bulletin 100 - supports approved document B for interpretation of school requirements.

36
Q

What is a fire safety case report?

A

The Safety Case Report is a document that the Principal Accountable Person (PAP) must produce for all buildings with seven stories or more. It summarises the building’s Safety Case – all the information used to manage the risk of fire spread and building’s structural safety.

37
Q

What is a PAP (Principle accountable person)?

A

The principal accountable person is the one that owns or is legally responsible for the repair of the exterior and structure of the building. Typically, an organisation, such as a commonhold association, local authority, or social housing provider is the PAP.

38
Q

What are the sections within Part B?

A

B1: Means of warning and escape,
B2: internal fire spread linings,
B3: Internal fire spread structure,
B4: External fire spread,
B5: Access and facilities for the fire service.

39
Q

What is a fire strategy?

A

A document which reviews all aspects of a buildings safety features, including construction, compartmentation, means of escape, and other measures. Ensures the building is fit and safe for use by the intended user.

40
Q

Can a building surveyor produce a fire strategy?

A

No, Fire strategies can only be produced by qualified and competent fire engineers.

41
Q

What are the exit number requirements for means of escape?

A

1 - 60 people, 2 - 600 people, 3 - 600 more than 600 people. Also defines door with requirements per number of people.

42
Q

What information has RICS provided on fire safety?

A

Guidance for the public - responsibilities of landlords and tenants.
Cladding for surveyors.

43
Q

How does an intumescent coating work?

A

Type pf paint that changes its mass when reacting to fire, expanding to protect the substrate from the heat.