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LT Test > Fire Officers Handbook Of Tactics Questions > Flashcards

Fire Officers Handbook Of Tactics Questions Flashcards

1
Q

The FDNY has an old saying that has been proven time and time again: more lives are saved by what than by other means?

A

Properly positioned hose lines

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2
Q

What can be described as an evaluation of problems and conditions that affect the outcome of a fire?

A

Size-up

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3
Q

Proper size up begins from the moment the alarm is received and it continues until the first unit arrives on scene T or F

A

False, it continues throughout the run

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4
Q

The 20 minute rule applies to these types of construction and only to these two types of construction

A

Wood frame (Class V) and Ordinary (Class III)

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5
Q

Unprotected steel can be expected to fail in as little as how many minutes in a serious fire?

A

5 minutes

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6
Q

Wispy smoke, usually light in color, indicated a fire in what stage of development?

A

Incipient

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7
Q

In theory, 1 gallon of water will provide sufficient cooling to quench approximately how many pounds of fuel at the average rate of surface burning?

A

5 Lbs

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8
Q

The combination attack is highly suited for which stage of fire progression?

A

Free-burning

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9
Q

An indirect method of attack can be used in an occupied building? T or F

A

False

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10
Q

What is the recommended flow rate for most commercial occupancies?

A

3 GPM/Sq FT

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11
Q

As a rule of thumb, no nozzle should have an opening in greater than half the diameter of its supply T or F?

A

True

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12
Q

1 CU of water weights about how many pounds and is equal to about how man gallons

A

62.5 LBS, 7.5 Gallons

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13
Q

The most common resistance to flow is friction loss. The remainder of the loss is due to the turbulence within the stream. At low flows, there is almost no turbulence and all of the water molecules move along quite smoothly. What is this called?

A

Laminar flow

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14
Q

When properly maintained, what has proven to be the most effective means of protecting life and property?

A

Automatic sprinklers

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15
Q

What is the most common and simplest type of sprinkler

A

Automatic wet system

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16
Q

The pressure-reducing valves of standpipe systems require periodic maintenance and flow testing. This should be done every ? Years

A

3

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17
Q

If the fire is on what floor or below, the members should climb the stairs instead of taking the elevator?

A

7th

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18
Q

As a rule of thumb, residential buildings can be estimated as how many feet from floor to floor? And how many feet for commercial buildings?

A

9, 12

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19
Q

What is the proper climbing angle for a portable ladder?

A

About 70 degrees

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20
Q

NFPA standard 1932 requires a heat-indicating label on each section of new aluminum and fiberglass ladders. The label will change color when exposed to dangerous temperatures of how many degrees?

A

300 degrees

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21
Q

What is the rule for mustaches?

A

May not extend laterally more than 1/2 inch from corner of mouth or downward more then 1/2 inch from corner of mouth

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22
Q

All members performing interior operations should be taught which two emergency maneuvers for use with their SCBA

A

Reduced profile, quick release

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23
Q

What is the most common method of forcible exit

A

Break a window

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24
Q

Fire loads are lower in commercial structures than they are in residences T or F?

A

False

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25
Q

What is the most important pre-war building feature regarding fire spread?

A

Absences of central air conditioning systems that serve more that one floor

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26
Q

What two factors outweigh all others in high rise ventilation strategy

A

Wind and stack effect

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27
Q

What is reflex time

A

Time elapsed from receipt of the alarm until an effective stream is flowing on the fire.

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28
Q

If a fire is within how many floor of the elevator lobby or sky lobby, walk up?

A

8

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29
Q

A forward staging area should be set up approximately how many floors below the fire to maintain the needed supplies and personnel on stand by to feed up to the operations office?

A

3

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30
Q

In buildings under construction as an absolute minimum the standpipe riser and outlets should progress within how many floors to the highest level under construction

A

2

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31
Q

It takes concrete approximately how many days to reach its greatest load-carrying capacity?

A

28

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32
Q

Natural gas emergencies can be divided into the following 3 basic categories: inside leaks, outside leaks, and leaks resulting from fires. The greatest danger results from which type and why?

A

Interior leaks because of the potential of explosion

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33
Q

The first priority on report of a gas leak should be to locate the source and stop the flow? T or F

A

False

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34
Q

What oil is the most common oil for one and two family homes

A

No. 2 oil

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35
Q

What is a cloud of vaporized oil and air heated above its flashpoint and out of its container looking for a source of ignition

A

White ghost

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36
Q

What is the order of building types from greatest resistance to collapse to least resistance

A 
Class I Fire- resistive
Class IV Heavy Timber
Class III Ordinary Construction
Class V Wood Frame
Class II Non-Combustible
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37
Q

About how far away from the main vent should the trench cut be made?

A

20-25 ft

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38
Q

The collapse zone at end walls that have rafters on a truss and bearing on a wall should be at least how many times the height of the wall

A

Twice

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39
Q

Who should assume prime responsibility for rescue activities at the incident site and the role of initial IC for all explosions

A

The first arriving Fire Officer

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40
Q

If you discover a bomb or explosive device immediately evacuate the area for at least how many feet in all directions

A

300 ft

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41
Q

During engine company operations at a bombing incident which results in a mass casualty incident if a structure is involved all handlines should be what size?

A

2 1/2

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42
Q

If a bomb has caused no fire and little blast damage suspect that it was used to disperse a?

A

Biological agent

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43
Q

What is the maximum dose of roetgens a firefighter should absorb under emergency situations

A

25R

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44
Q

What is the key to handling all mass casualty chemical incidents

A

Remove patients from the contaminated environment ASAP and begin removing the contaminant from their bodies without contaminating rescuers

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45
Q

The SBCCOM tests show that bunker gear will protect the wearer only for a maximum of how much time in a lethal concentration

A

3min

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46
Q

In defensive operations at a large venue chemical release what strategy guides the decisions leaders must make

A

Force protection

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47
Q

In reality in a mass casualty chemical attack there is virtually no chance of survival for unconscious victims T or F

A

True

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48
Q

Multiple dwellings are those buildings that house 4 or more families T or F

A

False

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49
Q

For the acronym SLUDGEM nerve agent signs and symptoms what does the E stand for

A

Emesis

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50
Q

What does SLUDGEM stand for?

A 
Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Dedication
Gastrointestinal Upset
Emesis
Miosis
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51
Q

As a rule of thumb 4 lengths of 1 1/2 hose is the maximum length for reconnect if you want to flow 125GPM, whereas you can use up to how many lengths of 1 3/4 hose at 150 GPM

A

6 sections

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52
Q

If human life is at risk it is permissible to violate OSHA’s “two in, two out” requirement for IDLH atmospheres T or F

A

True

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53
Q

Of all the modern styles, which are the deadliest styles of roof construction per incident?

A

Bowstring Truss Roof

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54
Q

What is the simplest, fastest type of examination hole possible?

A

Circular cut

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55
Q

Nearly 80% of all civilian fire deaths occur in commercial buildings T or F

A

False

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56
Q

More civilians die in car fires than die in store fires T or F

A

True

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57
Q

In the acronym “COAL WAS WEALTH” what does the A in WAS stand for

A

Auxiliary Appliances

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58
Q

What must be the deciding factor in determining firefighting tactics and proceedures

A

Life Hazard

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59
Q

Which factor cannot be determined until unit arrive at the fire scene

A

location and extent of the fire

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60
Q

What is indicated by the number 3 in the blue box (Left side) of an NFPA 704 diamond on a door of a manufacturing plant

A

Serious health hazard - use cautious approach

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61
Q

More lives are saved by properly placed aerial ladders than by any other means T or F

A

False - by properly placed hose lines

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62
Q

The 4 key requirements for an indirect attack with a hoseline on a fire are

A

No occupants
Limited ventilation
Limited size of potential fire area
High heat

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63
Q

What is by far the most efficient combination of manual forcible entry tools?

A

Flat head axe and halligan also known as a set of irons

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64
Q

Smell is the ? And ? Used sense that firefighters can use in overhauling?

A

4th and least used

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65
Q

The nozzle team shouldn’t enter an immediate fire area without water except to save a life T or F

A

True

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66
Q

When an effective offensive attack isn’t possible or hasn’t succeeded within how many minutes, prepare defensive positions

A

20 min

67
Q

The most critical function the first nozzle team must accomplish at most multistory occupied buildings is to protect the interior staircase T or F

A

True

68
Q

In the OS&Y valve if the center stem is protruding beyond the valve this means the valve is open or closed?

A

Open

69
Q

Standpipe class used for use by building occupants to control minor fires

A

Class II

70
Q

Standpipe class designed for use by fire department personnel

A

Class I

71
Q

Standpipe class designed for use both by fire department personnel and occupants

A

Class III

72
Q

One thing that firefighters should always do is hook up to the standpipe on the fire floor if the outlet is located outside the stairwell in the public hall T or F

A

False

73
Q

In the acronym “LOVERS U” what does the U stand for

A

Control Utilities

74
Q

What does the acronym “LOVERS U” stand for

A 
Laddering
Overhaul
Ventilation
Entry (forcible)
Rescue and search
Salvage
Utilities (control of)
75
Q

We know from past experience that 3 basic tools will be required at almost all structure fires. What are they?

A

Halligan, flathead axe, ceiling hook

76
Q

of all of the factors affecting ladder selection the single most important item must be its load carrying capacity T or F

A

False - its height

77
Q

When does salvage begin

A

At the moment of arrival on scene

78
Q

Keep all aerial devices how many feet or more from power lines?

A

10 ft

79
Q

When placing an aerial ladder to the roof, how many rungs should be extended beyond the level of the roof?

A

5

80
Q

What is the one factor that can be responsible for fire loss in any building

A

Void space

81
Q

If fire is venting from one or two windows, how long has the fire been in flashover?

A

Five minutes

82
Q

If a fire is vented from window on two floors how

Long has it been in flashover?

A

10 minutes

83
Q

If fire is venting from windows on two floors who you considered accelerant?

A

Yes

84
Q

In a class one type building what are the items that are non combustible?

A

Walls, Columns, floors and roof

85
Q

In a class IV building, what are the exterior usually made out of?

A

Masonry

86
Q

In a class IV, what are the dimensions for columns and beams?

A

8x8 minimum

87
Q

What are the lumber dimensions for roofs and floors?

A

3x6

88
Q

If a fire is in one of these areas, this will be a cause of concern:

A

Top floor of class III and V
Below grade
Outside the reach of ladders

89
Q

If smoke is coming out of the chimney, where should you check:

A

Basement

90
Q

When protecting exposures, which exposure do you want to protect?

A

The most important one which usually means the one with the most life hazard

91
Q

What are some of the benefits of a indirect attack

A
  1. Keep FF out of bad environment
  2. put out fire FF unable to get
  3. Smaller crew can put out more fire
  4. Less H2O use
  5. Less H2O damage
92
Q

Best tip of covering exposures?

A

Soak exposure in water

93
Q

What are two things that can prevent hose advancement

A

Flame and heat.

94
Q

Why do you want to get the first hose line advance other than to put the fire out?

A

To cover worst case scenario

95
Q

Would it be a concern if the fire isn’t darkened down in ten minutes in a residential structure?

A

Yes

96
Q

Why do you use a 1 3/4 line with a residential structure

A

1) speed to attack the fire
2) residential homes have lower fire loads
3) Due to presence of dividing walls, easier for hose to move around

97
Q

Why would you select a 2.5 line?

A

Larger than residential fire load

Need longer reach

More flame materials

98
Q

If fire is in one story commercial
Building and flames are seen, then what’s the goal
Of the hose line?

A

To cut fire off

99
Q

If there’s a fire that involves the means of egress, what would you suspect?

A

Arson

100
Q

When considering the first line of either interior or exposure, what three things do you need to consider?

A

1) is fire already too advanced in building
2) attack capability of companies
3) construction of building

101
Q

What’s the greatest protection from radiation?

A

Distance

102
Q

Why is expansion foam replacing cellar nozzles?

A

Due to its ability to apply from a distance and in a safe area

103
Q

How does class A foam extinguish Fire?

A

Decreases surface tension of H2O and provides bubbles to cut off air from fire

104
Q

What percentage of fires in a sprinkled building are controlled or extinguished

A

95%

105
Q

When a sprinkler fails it’s usually due to what?

A

Human error

106
Q

During a fire what is the average number of sprinkler heads that go off?

A

One or two

107
Q

If you have a serious fire in a sprinklered building, what would that indicate?

A

That the system is OOS

108
Q

If the sprinkler pipe is broken, what needs to be done

A

Shut system off

109
Q

When conducting a search high priority is placed on

A

Normal means of egress due to able bodied people attempt to flee

110
Q

According to NFPA how many total feet of ground ladder do we need?

A

168 feet

111
Q

If venting window, where do you want to place the ladder

A

Even with top of window on windward side

112
Q

What are some reasons that you want a ladder placed on fire floor

A

Fire can’t cut off ladder

Easier to get victim out of window into cleaner air

113
Q

Where are two places you should always check for fire

A

Vertical voids

Horizontal voids

114
Q

What is the overriding concern when forcing a door

A

Speed

115
Q

4 rules of force entry

A
  1. Try before you pry
  2. Don’t ignore obvious look for easy way in
  3. use door that occupants normally use
  4. Maintain integrity of door
116
Q

What’s the most effective tool to use for removing cylinder lock

A

K tool

117
Q

What is the easiest lock to conquer

A

Rim lock

118
Q

What is the 99% rule on forcing doors

A

99% of residential doors swing inward

99% of commercial doors swing outward

119
Q

Two main reasons for venting

A

To allow teams to get into area

To provide fresh air and improve stability

120
Q

If you’re venting with a hose stream, how do you want to position stream?

A

35 degree angle spraying 8-19 ft from window

121
Q

What are possible locations of victims

A

Behind door
Under windows
Stairs of egress

122
Q

What are four keys to R.A.T success?

A

People-understand task at hand
Policies and procedures
Tools
Technique

123
Q

For maximum effectiveness the discharge opening of a nozzle should not exceed _ of the supply diameter

A

50%

124
Q

FF stretching a line to 5th floor via open stairwell should ensure how many lengths of hose are inside building

A

Two

125
Q

What is NOT the main functions of a nozzle

A

To divide streams into droplets

126
Q

What is the most basic principle of Firefighting

A

Human life shall take precedence over all other concerns

127
Q

What is size up

A

Continuing evaluation of all problems and conditions that affect outcome of fire

128
Q

A newer metal deck roof generally _ the fire load

A

Has little effect

129
Q

What factors make the 20minute rule for predicting collapse not accurate

A

Unknown length of burn

Potential use of accelerants

Presence of lightweight construction

130
Q

Three factors concerning smoke should be prime elements of size up

A

Location
Color
Movement

131
Q

Three factors may confuse your size up of height and area of building

A

Grade
Wrap around
Interconnected building

132
Q

Factors effecting fire spread to exposures?

A

Radiation

Direct flame contact

133
Q

Officer of first line finds that line is unable to advance due to fire and heat what three actions can he take

A

Ventilation on opposite side of hose line

Another hose/back up line

Increase pressure

134
Q

What are some signs that water is on fire

A

Flames darken down

Change in smoke color

Change in smoke volume

Steam production

Change in smoke movement

135
Q

Elevating platform

Master stream can cover the lower three floors for a length of how many feet?

A

100 ft

136
Q

Four factors that determine selection and placement of hose line

A

Occupancy
Construction
Height
Location and extent of fire

137
Q

Factors that determine diameter of attack line

A

Occupancy
Area of building
Size of fire

138
Q

Dangers of a brick or concrete building from getting exposed by fire depends on

A

Number and size of windows

Proximity to the fire

139
Q

Of the following types of water pressure which is most use to FF considering a hydrant to fire hose stretch

A

Flowing

140
Q

A sprinkler operating at 10 psi will

Have a gpm of

A

17

141
Q

In more than 90 percent of sprinkler ops, how many sprinkler heads are used?

A

1-2

142
Q

Which unit should supply sprinkler Siamese at a large working fire in sprinkled building?

A

Engine not supplying hose lines

143
Q

What are two reasons sprinklers should continue being supplied until fire is extinguished?

A

Combination maybe holding back fire

Second fire can be in a remote area

144
Q

What is the likely sign of a false alarm at a dry sprinkler system

A

Loss of air pressure

145
Q

A precaution sprinkler system will be found in which occupancy

A

Computer room

146
Q

What is the best method to determine if a building is protected by sprinklers

A

Pre plan

147
Q

Primary source of water to standpipe during fire ops

A

FD pumper Via Siamese

148
Q

Benefits of having a ops plan

A

Formalize thinking and makes other know what must be done

Degree of priority

All members know the plan

Eat. Accountability

149
Q

When making a ops plan what is the most important

A

It must be realistic

150
Q

What is an example of pre-control overhauling

A

Opening up any voids

151
Q

In a serious fire in a cockloft area, where should firefighters making the opening into the ceiling be located?

A

In the doorway of the escape route

152
Q

What is the first action a unit should take when they encounter a multi-lock door?

A

Is it engaged

153
Q

How can you determine if a multi lock is engage

A

Look for the rod

154
Q

Horizontal ventilation for a life hazard must be accompanied by what

A

Immediate entry

Hose line between victim and fire

155
Q

What’s the best way to prevent mushrooming in a multi family structure ?

A

Vent above fire

156
Q

Kerf cut

A

Small narrow opening cut to verify prescribe of fire

157
Q

Recommend hole size for commercial building with serious fire

A

8x8

158
Q

What part of the standard flat roof will fail due to fire

A

Roof board

159
Q

What factor makes plywood I beams particularly dangerous to firefighters

A

No noticeable sag before they fail

160
Q

What factor should be suspected by FF at a high value content store in a high crime neighborhood

A

Steel plating added to roof and walls or ceiling

161
Q

Where should you begin searching when entering the area directly above fire

A

At the door to the area and working in toward the fire

162
Q

When using search rope do members have to stay in contact with rope

A

No

163
Q

What precaution is necessary when changing direction using a search rope

A

Rope mist be secured at each change of direction

164
Q

Fire in new construction expect collapse in a little as

A

Ten minutes

LT Test (10 decks)

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