Fire Officer Principles and Practice Flashcards
1
Q
what are the 4 major changes in a FF career
A
Completion of probation
Promotion to fire company commander
Promotion to Chief Fire Officer
Retirement
2
Q
What are James Pages 3 recommendations for fire officers to develop technical competencies within the fire company
A
1 develop a personal training library
2 know the neighborhood
3 use problem solving scenarios
3
Q
what is the system used by LAFD to identify tasks performed by each firefighter in chronological order to analyze them
A
measure of effectiveness
4
Q
2 rules of thought in human resource management
A
Scientific and humanistic management
5
Q
In order from lowest to top Maslows hierarchy of needs
A
- physiological needs
- safety, security, order
- social needs and affection
- esteem and status
- self actualization
6
Q
Who developed the managerial grid
Blake and Mouton, Maslows, Frederick Taylor, French and Raven
A
Blake and Mouton
7
Q
What are Moutons five behavioral models
A
Indifferent / controlling / accommodating/status quo/sound
8
Q
Blake and Moutons 2 fundamental concerns which influence behaviors are
A
Concern for people, concern for result
9
Q
Who developed the scientific management
Blake and Mouton, Maslows, Frederick Taylor, French and Raven
A
Frederick Taylor
10
Q
Name the four organizations that publish statistics about firefighter injuries and deaths
A
NFPA/USFA/NIOSH/IAFF
11
Q
Four components of rehab
A
Rest/rehydration/nourishment/medical examination
12
Q
Three indicators that training is needed
A
Near Miss/fire ground problem/observe performance deficiency
13
Q
Four step method for fire training/instructing
A
Preparation/presentation/application/evaluation
14
Q
Psychomotor skills
A
Initial, plateau, latency, mastery
15
Q
Mayday situations require two obligations from fire officer what are they
A
- maintain radio discipline
2. Maintain company/sector integrity
16
Q
Types of power as developed by French and Raven
A
Legitimate/reward/expert/referrent/coercive
17
Q
Target person complies in order to obtain rewards believed to be controlled by the agent
reward power, coercive power, legitimate power, expert power
A
reward power
18
Q
target complies due to belief that the agent has specials acknowledge
reward power, coercive power, legitimate power, expert power
A
expert power
19
Q
target complies in order to avoid punishment believed to be controlled by agent
reward power, coercive power, legitimate power, expert power
A
coercive power
20
Q
target believes agent has right to make the request and target has obligation to comply
reward power, coercive power, legitimate power, expert power
A
legitimate power
21
Q
under the Incident management system the IC has the ? to reassign the ventilation sector
reward power, coercive power, legitimate power, expert power
A
legitimate power
22
Q
Gary Yukl updates the French and Raven taxonomy to define 2 types of powers
A
positional / personal
23
Q
Positional power includes
A
legitimate, reward, coercive (defined by role an individual has within the organization)
24
Q
Positional power includes ?, ?, ? Yukl adds tow additional position based power description ?, ?
A
legitimate, reward, coercive
informational, ecological
25
Personal power includes
expert/referent... reflects the effectiveness of the individual
26
what are the phases of the conflict resolution model
listen & take notes/ active listening/ paraphrase & receive feed back/ don't explain or excuse
27
5 step process to ensure high quality decision making
1. Define the problem
2. Generate alternative solutions
3. Select a solution
4. Implement solution
5. Evaluate the result
28
which aspect of problem solving is most difficult
implementation phase
29
Four types of special extinguishing agents
Carbon dioxide/wet or dry chemical/halon/foam
30
This organization has considerable experience with tracking evacuees
American Red Cross
31
Communication cycle
Message/sender/medium/receiver/feedback
32
What is LEPC
Local Emergency Planning Council:
| requires companies to submit info to the fire department regarding hazardous materials
33
Environmental noise contains two conditions
Physical and psychological
34
What are the 3 roles a FO performs according to James Page?
supervisor, commander, trainer
35
What organizational component is created to group tactical components at an incident
Branch
36
Laymans five-step size up process
1. Facts
2. Probabilities
3. Situation
4. Decision
5. Plan of operation
37
National fire Academies size up process consist of
Phase 1: pre-incident info
Phase 2: initial size up
Phase 3: ongoing size up
38
What are the two components to an IAP
1. Development of appropriate strategy
| 2. Development of tactics to accomplish the strategy
39
Three activities in Crew Resource Management (CRM) are
1. Avoidance
2. Entrapment
3. Mitigation
40
What are the components of the triangle of leadership
Trust and respect/leadership skills/effective leadership
41
What are two skills needed for subordinates to express concerns to superiors
Inquiry/advocacy
42
What organization started the near miss reporting system
IAFC
43
The near miss program is based on aviation safety reporting system using tools from what U.S. Navy program
Human factors analysis and classification system
44
How often do firefighters/officers review the near miss report
Every August
45
Name the levels of HFACS:
Level 1: unsafe acts
Level 2: preconditions to unsafe acts
Level 3: unsafe supervision
Level 4: organizational influences
46
Unsafe acts or level 1 of HFACS have two categories they are
1. Errors: consider unintentional/based on decisions, skills or perceptions
2. Violations: intentional act classified as either routine or exceptional
47
Which level of HFACS is the most difficult to analyze and include the operating culture of a department
1. Inadequate supervision
2. Allowing inappropriate operations
3. Failure to correct known problems
4. Supervisory violations
Level 4: organizational influences
48
Level 3/unsafe supervision in HFACS has four categories they are
1. Inadequate supervision
2. Allowing inappropriate operations
3. Failure to correct known problems
4. Supervisory violations
49
Which level of HFACS analyzes substandard conditions/practices of the individuals involved:
1. Inadequate supervision
2. Allowing inappropriate operations
3. Failure to correct known problems
4. Supervisory violations
Level 2: preconditions to unsafe acts
50
What is the second leading cause the firefighter fatalities
Traumatic injuries
51
What is a common scenario in single firefighter fatalities investigated by NIOSH
Lack of an effective IMS that includes an accountability component
52
Two organizations provide accreditation to fire service professional certification systems:
the National Board on Fire Service Professional Qualifications and the International Fire Service Accreditation Congress
53
5 steps for developing a training program
1. Assess Needs
2. Establish Objectives
3. Develop the training program
4. Deliver the Training
5. Evaluate the impact
54
4 steps to the annual evaluation
1. Supervisor fills out a standardized evaluation form
2. Subordinate is allowed to review & comment on officers evaluation
3. Face to Face feedback interview between supervisor/subordinate
4. Establish goals to accomplish before next evaluation.
55
When an officer tends to rate all of their firefighters either higher or lower than their actual work performance is known as
Contrast effect, Halo and Horn Effect, central tendency, Recency, Personal Bias, Leniency or Severity, frame of reference
Leniency or Severity
56
Evaluation Error that occurs when the evaluator perspective skews the evaluation:
Contrast effect, Halo and Horn Effect, central tendency, Recency, Personal Bias, Leniency or Severity, frame of reference
Personal Bias
57
When a firefighter is evaluated only on incidents that occurred in the last few weeks:
Contrast effect, Halo and Horn Effect, central tendency, Recency, Personal Bias, Leniency or Severity, frame of reference
Recency
58
When a firefighter is rated in the middle range for all dimensions of work performance
Contrast effect, Halo and Horn Effect, central tendency, Recency, Personal Bias, Leniency or Severity, frame of reference
central tendency
59
When a firefighter is evaluated on the basis of the officers personal ideals instead of job standards
Contrast effect, Halo and Horn Effect, central tendency, Recency, Personal Bias, Leniency or Severity, frame of reference
frame of reference
60
when an officer concentrates on only one aspect of the fire fighters performance (good or bad) and applies that across the board on his evaluation
Contrast effect, Halo and Horn Effect, central tendency, Recency, Personal Bias, Leniency or Severity, frame of reference
Halo and Horn Effect
61
When an officer compares one firefighters performance w/ another firefighters and uses that vs. job standards in an evaluation
Contrast effect, Halo and Horn Effect, central tendency, Recency, Personal Bias, Leniency or Severity, frame of reference
Contrast effect
62
Lowest level of the progressive discipline process
Formal Written Reprimand
63
First level of negative discipline
oral reprimand, warning or admonishment
64
Which reinforcement theory is often under utilized?
Positive Reinforcement, Negative Reinforcement, Extinction, Punishment
Negative Reinforcement
65
Which reinforcement theory gives a reward for good behavior
Positive Reinforcement, Negative Reinforcement, Extinction, Punishment
Positive Reinforcement
66
Which reinforcement theory ignores bad behavior
Positive Reinforcement, Negative Reinforcement, Extinction, Punishment
Extinction
67
Which reinforcement theory punishes bad behavior
Positive Reinforcement, Negative Reinforcement, Extinction, Punishment
Punishment
68
Which reinforcement theory removes an undesirable consequence of good behavior?
Positive Reinforcement, Negative Reinforcement, Extinction, Punishment
negative reinforcement
69
According to Expectency theory what 3 considerations must an officer address
1. Employees Belief his effort will achieve the goal
2. Employees belief that meeting goal will lead to reward
3. Employees desire for reward or rewards value to employee
70
Which motivational theory relies on peoples natural competitiveness?
Goal Setting Theory
71
Which motivational process suggests employees compare their outcomes for inputs w/ other employees?
Equity Theory
72
Herzberg developed what theory
Motivation - Hygiene Theory
73
Hygiene factors are
external and do not motivate an employee
74
Motivation factors are
internal such as desire for advancement
75
NIMS 5 componenets:
Preparedness / Communications & Info management / Resource Management / Command & Management / Ongoing Management & Maintainance
76
what is part of the NIMS Command and Management Component
ICS
77
What is the process of having the right number of people in the right place @ the right time?
Human Resource Planning
78
What is the process of attracting, selecting & maintaining an adequate supply of labor
Staffing
79
Blake n Moutons Managerial grid provided the basis for what fire service initiative
CRM
80
In regards to getting assignments complete 1st you find out the what, 2nd you find out the when, and last ?
How long it will take to complete them
81
a tool for supervisors to allow subordinates to complete tasks they are capable of performing, making the officer more effective.
task allocation or delegation
Delegation
82
dividing responsibilities among individuals & teams in a manner that allows for their effective accomplishment. Making the team more effective.... a component of CRM
task allocation or delegation
task allocation
83
What is the cited reasons for fatal collisions?
Excessive Speed for road collisions / operator error
84
What accounts for the largest percentage of traumatic ff deaths?
Collisions.. 3/4 of which were volunteers.....40% died in personal vehicles
85
What is another term to characterize laissez faire style of leadership
Free reign
86
What is one additional task an officer has when dealing with external type of issues?
Notify his supervisor
87
CERTs 9 x 2.5 hour class sessions consist of
1. Disaster Preparedness
2. Fire Safety and Utility Control
3. Disaster Medical Operations Part 1
4. Disaster Medical Operations Part 2
5. Light Search & Rescue Operations
6. Cert Organization
7. Disaster Psychology
8. Terrorism & CERT
9. Course Review & Disaster Simulation
88
5 types of bldg const go:
1: Fire Resistive
2. Non combustible
3. Ordinary ( limited combustible)
4. Heavy Timber
5. Wood Frame
89
Name the 3 types of standpipe systems & their intended use:
Class 1= has 2/12 outlet FIRE DEPT. Only
Class 2= has 1 1/2 w/ hose & nozzle OCCUPANT use
Class 3= has both and is for BOTH dept / occupant
90
6 Steps to a pre incident plan
1. Identify Physical elements & Site considerations
2. Identify occupant considerations
3. Identify fire protection systems & water supply
4. Identify Special Hazards
5. Identify emergency operation considerations
6. Identify Special or Unusual Characteristics of common occupancy
91
Who developed the life safety code?
NFPA
92
What are documents developed by a standards developing organization
model codes
93
Who develops model codes for jurisdictions having authority
NFPA & International Code Council
94
What is a law enacted by an authorized subdivision of a state such as a city, county or town
ordinance
95
If a model code is enacted by a local jurisdiction it may occur in one of two ways what are they
Adoption by reference / Adoption by transcription
96
When a jurisdiction passes an ordinance that adopts a specific edition of a model code its called?
adoption by reference
97
when a jurisdiction adopts the entire the entire text of a model code & publishes it as part of the adopting ordinance its called
adoption by transcription
98
How long do regulations apply to a bldg , made to meet a specific regulation
Remains in effect as long as it is occupied for the same purpose
99
governmental orders written by a governmental agency in accordance with the statute or ordinance authorizing the agency to create
Regulations
100
Regulations are not laws but.........
have the force of the law
101
What are the 15 functions within the NRF called
Emergency Support Functions
102
Gordon Dupont "Dirty Dozen" are comprehensive list of reasons and ways that humans make mistakes
```
Lack of communication
Complacency
Lack of Knowledge
Distraction
Lack of Teamwork
Fatigue
Lack of Resources
Pressure
Lack of Assertiveness
Stress
Lack of awareness
Norms
```
103
Chapter 13:
Dental offices, doctors offices?
assembly, business, educational, industrial, health care, detention and correctional, mercantile, residential, storage, mixed, unusual
business
104
Chapter 13:
Colleges and universities?
assembly, business, educational, industrial, health care, detention and correctional, mercantile, residential, storage, mixed, unusual
Business
105
An educational occupancy is used for educational purposes through the ?
first year university, 12 grade, 10 grade, high school, middle school
12 grade
106
Educational occupancy may also cover some daycare centers for children ?
older than 6, older than 2 1/2 years, older than 12
older than 2 1/2 years old
107
A healthcare occupancy is used for the purpose of medical or other treatment or for care of ? or more persons,
4 or more persons, where such occupants are mostly incapable of self preservation
108
a detention and correctional occupancy is used to house ? of more persons under varied degrees of restraint or security
four or more
109
towers, water tanks, barns
assembly, business, educational, industrial, health care, detention and correctional, mercantile, residential, storage, mixed, unusual
Unusual
110
in a municipal department the fire officers supervisor is usually a command level officer including:
Battalion Chief / District Chief / Battalion Commander
111
NFPA # for standard for fire officer professional qualifications
1021
112
The civil rights act of 1964 is enforced by which entitiy
EEOC
113
Title VII of the Civil Rights act of 1964 act was amended in 1972. The Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972 include:
almost all public / private employers w/ 15 or more employees & in general covers volunteer fire depts & nonprofit emergency service organizations
114
Civil Rights Act of 1991 provides what?
Additional compensatory & punitive damages in cases of intentional discrimination
115
when did the EEOC amend the guidelines on sexual harassment?
1999
116
eeoc guidelines state that verbal & physical conduct of a sexual nature is harassment when the following conditions are present
1. employee is made to feel he or she has to endure treatment in order to remain employed
2. Whether or not the employee submits or rejects such treatment is used when making employment decisions.
3. Employees work performance is affected
4. Intimidating , hostile, or offensive work environment is present
117
what is an essential component of sexual harassment
the abuse of power
118
Indifferent on the managerial grid can be described as:
neutral / lowest level of concern for either results or people
119
what are the 7 steps of delegation?
1.define your desired results
2. Select the appropriate firefighter
3. Determine the level of delegation
4. clarify expectations & set parameters
5.Give authority to match level of responsibility
6. provide background info
7 arrange feedback during process
120
What is the standard organizational structure used to manage assigned resources in order to accomplish stated objectives for an incident
Incident Command System
121
What are the six components of NFPA 1581 standard on infection control
1. written policy w/ goal of identifying & limiting exposures
2. Written risk management plan to identify risks & control measures
3. Annual Training & education in infection control
4. A designated infection control officer
5. access to appropriate immunizations for employees
6. How exposure incidents are to be handled
122
According to this book how soon after an exposure should the infection control officer of the dept. be notified of the incident?
immediately
123
who is charged with ensuring that all injuries, illnesses, exposures, fatalities, or other potentially hazardous conditions & all accidents involving dept. vehicles, fire apparatus, equipment, or facilities is thoroughly investigated?
health & safety officer
124
Some departments require a PAR be done during fire attack or other high hazard operation every how often
20 minutes
125
What are the 3 phases of an investigation
1. The identification & Collection of physical evidence
2. The interviewing of witnesses
3. The written documentation phase (at end of investigation)
126
Who is the initial investigation of many situations often delegated to?
Local Fire Officer
127
The fire officer has 4 roles to provide a safe environment for the company
1. Identify unsafe & hazardous conditions
2. Mitigate or reduce as many problems as possible
3. Train & prepare for the remaining hazards
4. Model Safe behavior
128
Ralph Scott of LAFD is one of the fathers of FF certification training,creating a fire college in 1925. The LAFD training staff made a list of firefighter tasks to evolve into what document ? how many tasks?
The Trade analysis of fire fighting, 2000 tasks
129
a method of directing, instructing, and training a person or group of people with the aim to achieve some foal or develop specific skills
coaching
130
4 federal regulations governing firefighter training
1. OSHA regulations 29 CFR Occupational Exposure to Bloodblorne Pathogens
2. OSHA regulations 29 CFR Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (HAZWOPER) Training
3. OSHA regulations 29 CFR Respiratory Protection Training
4. HSPD-5 Managing Domestic Incidents
131
bloodborne pathogen training usually takes how long
about 4 hours
132
before live fire training a student must have prerequisite training, in addition to that he must be equipped with?
Full PPE / PASS device / SCBA that is compliant with the relevant NFPA standard
133
Expected trainee behavior falls into 3 categories
responding to alarms / on-scene activity / emergency procedures
134
Who develops the training action plan for live fire evolutions
The fire officer who is the instructor in charge
135
Key Notes on live fire training
each attack and backup line should flow a minimum of 95 gal/min, the water supply should be 150% of the minimum needed water supply at the training site from two separate sources
136
Dedicated positions on live fire training
safety officer and ignition officer
137
Maximum size of a functional crew in a live fire training is
Five trainees
138
How many years of experience does a fire officer candidate need as well as hours in an acting officer role required?
3-5 years in agency operations / 200 hours acting unit officer experience
139
How many years of experience does a supervising officer need to become a managing fire officer
2-4 years
140
how far in advance should you notify a ff who is likely to get an unsatisfactory rating on his review
10 weeks
141
a moral , mental & physical state in which all ranks respond to the will of the leader is known as:
Discipline
142
Typical steps of progressive negative discipline system include:
1. counsel firefighter bout poor performance
2. Verbally reprimand firefighter bout poor performance
3. Issue written reprimand
4. suspend
5. terminate
143
How long do suspensions normally run
1-30 days
144
who recommends a suspension and who issues a suspension notice
Fire officer normally recommends it / battalion chief or higher command after consultation with Fire Chief or designee will issue it
145
when do written reprimands normally expire
no longer then 1 year in file
146
Who can terminate an employee
Top municipal official in general: mayor, county executive, city manager , or civil service commission. this is generally delegated to the agency or department heads, such as the fire chief
147
The fire officer need to maintain company integrity to facilitate the mayday rescue and continue to fight the fire or control the hazard. Changes in assignment come from the
Group incident commander
148
Active learning research recommends spending no more than ? minutes presenting a formal lecture or video presentation; the student loses focus after ? to ? minutes of passive learning (Kiewra 2002)
no more than 10 minutes, lose focus after 15-20 minutes
149
Which president issued the first National Fire Prevention day in 1920?
Woodrow Wilson
150
a comprehensive program directed at injury prevention. Developed by the NFPA, with co-funding from the Lowe's Home Safety Council.
Risk Watch (a school based program that links teachers, safety experts,and parents)
151
What are the 2 types of evaluations concerning public education programs
immediate feedback / long term evaluation
152
When designing a public education program, the fire officer should review the ? , just as in fire fighter training:
target audience, ABCD of course preparation, desired effect, course outline
```
ABCDs of course preparation
A-audience
B-desired Behavior
C-conditions which to perform task
D-Degree of proficiency
```
153
NFPA recommends 3 steps when working w/ media what are they
1. Build a strong foundation
2. use a proactive outreach
3. use measured responsiveness
154
NFPAs guidelines for conducting interviews are:
1. Be prepared
2. stay in control
3. look & act the part
4. its not over til its over
155
What are the steps to a systematic approach for high quality decision making
1. Define the problem
2. generate alternative solutions
3. select a solution
4. implement the solution
5. evaluate the result
156
How often should you question each organizational activity
once a year
157
what 2 goals does paraphasing an issue accomplish in a conflict resolution model
1. Officer will finish with a good understanding of the issue
2. The complainant feels the fire officer really listened.
158
What are the 4 steps Taigman developed as a Conflict Resolution Model
1. Drain the emotional bubble
2. Understand the complainants view point
3. Help complainant feel understood
4. Identify the complainants expectation for resolution
159
what are the 4 broad categories for problems a fire officer could be expected to encounter
1. In -House Issues ( direct scope/ your station)
2. Internal Dept. Issues (operational policies beyond your station)
3. External Issues : private citizens / another organization
4. High Profile Incidents: anything likely to become major event / dept must take immediate action
160
2 purposes to pre-incident plan:
1. provide info that would be useful in event of a fire @ high value /risk location
2. Identify in advance strategies, tactics, & actions that should be taken if a predictable situation occurs
161
legally enforceable regulations that relate specifically to fire safety, although some fire codes include related subjects such as: Hazardous Materials
Fire prevention codes
162
What are codes that states adopt which do not give the option to local jurisdictions to adopt more restrictive regulations
mini/max codes
163
How often does the model code process update?
every 3-5 years
164
What is the preferred extinguishing system for protecting cooking equipment?
wet chemical system
165
In terms of construction type which type # is defined as limited combustible?
Type 3 also known as "ordinary"
166
occupancy type refers to the purpose for which a bldg is used or intended to be used ...the code requirements are determined by its:
use group
167
What are the 5 subcategories of the RESIDENTIAL use group:
1. one & two family dwelling units
2. Lodging or rooming houses / for 16 or fewer people
3. Hotels : for more then 16 people
4. Dormitory: for more then 16 people
5. Apartment Bldg: 3 or more dwelling units
168
Furniture Production facilities are in what use group?
industrial
169
What are the steps of a fire inspection
1. Circle the area as you park the apparatus to get a general overview of the property
2. Meet the property owner & let them know you have arrived & will begin the inspection
3. Begin the inspection at the exterior of the bldg & work systematically throughout the inside of the bldg, beginning at the lowest level & woking up.
4. Conduct exit interview w/ the contact person
5. Write a formal report on the inspection
170
Less critical issues on a fire inspection need to be corrected within a reasonable time generally:
30-90 days
171
Type 3 buildings are generally no higher then:
4 stories
172
If using a radio how far should you hold it from your mouth
2 inches
173
Examples of Infrequent reports are:
```
Firefighter injury report
Citizen complaint
Property Damage or liability event report
Vehicle accident report
New equipment or procedure evaluation
Suggestions to improve fire dept. operation
Response to a grievance or complaint
Firefighter work improvement plans
Request for other agency services
```
174
what is required by state workers compensation agencies whenever an employee is injured?
Supervisors Report / is the control document that starts the state file relating to an injury
175
how soon after an incident must supervisors report be submitted?
24-72 hours
176
List the steps to Preparing a News Release
Formulate a Plan
Develop the concept & write the release
Get the news release out to the media
177
Events that would require an Expanded Incident Report Narrative ( in which all company members submit )
Civilian Fatality
Crime scene / Arson investigation
Occupant rescue qualifying for award / recognition
Company involved in unusual / difficult / high profile activity
Company acitivity occured that may have contributed to a death or serious injury
Company activity occurred that may have created a liability
Company activity occurred that has initiated an internal investigation
178
Which organization manages the Nationwide database called NFIRS ( national fire incident reporting system)
US Fire Administration
179
What is one example of a Geographic Information System?
A vehicle navigation system
180
Geodatabase is an example of
Digital Mapping
181
What are the 5 components of NIMS:
```
Preparedness
Communications & Information Management
Resource Management
Command & Management
Ongoing Management & Maintenance
```
182
what do local emergency response agencies have to adopt to remain eligible for federal disaster assistance?
Adopt ICS by training in the NIMS core curriculum
183
IS 700 is :
NIMS intro
184
ICS 100 is:
intro to IMS
185
ICS 200 is:
ICS for single resources & initial action incidents
186
ICS 300 is:
Intermediate ICS for expanding incidents
187
ICS 400 is:
Advanced ICS
188
Students attending courses @ NFA are required to complete which ICS courses before arriving
ICS 100 & 200
189
ICS 701 is:
NIMS Multiagency Coordination System
190
ICS 702 is:
NIMS Public Information System
191
What is the primary agency dealing that deals with Emergency Support Funciton 4: firefighting in the National Response Framework
Dept of Agriculture / Forest Service
192
What are the tactical level management elements used to assemble resources for a common purpose:
Groups / Divisions / Units
193
What is a generic term that can be applied to either a geographical or functional component on the tactical level
Unit
194
How many resources are assembled to make task forces
2-5 single resources
195
Strike teams are comprised of how many units
5 units of the same type
196
Strike teams are commonly used for what type of incidents?
wildland fires
197
One of the most significant factors of size up is:
Visualization
198
What is an effective potassium bicarbonate for extinguishing liquid fire ,which was developed by Naval Research Labs
Purple K
199
What is NFAs formula for needed Fire Flow?
Fire Flow = ( L x W ) / 3 = required flow for a fully involved floor
200
What is normally the best method of protecting an exposed property?
Make aggressive attack & extinguish fire before it can spread
201
When need for resources exceeds normal operating capabilities of fire dept. & involves numerous other agencies what might the fire officer have to do:
Activate local emergency plan
202
In most cases 1st level of assistance for fires is:
mutual aid from surrounding depts.
203
Who is responsible for maintaining & coordinating the local emergency plan:
the Emergency Management Office
204
What is the most common method a fire officer can use to activate the local emergency plan:
Notify the Dispatch Center
205
Who can establish shelters for residents in large scale or long term evacuations
Red Cross
206
What branch is responsible for communications & rehab:
Service Branch
207
What is an area where primary logistics functions are coordinated & administered :
Base
208
Who is responsible for moving equipment & water supply hoselines up & down stairwells?
Stairwell Support Group
209
What is one practice in stair well support group to create an assembly line fashion:
Position firefighters every 3rd floor
210
What is used to control fire flow path
PPV , wind control devices , externally applied water
211
Thermal conditions in a fire flow path can be higher then:
752 degrees F
212
What does NFPA say the initial source of firefighters to conduct a basic fire attack on a single family dwelling should be how many?
14 Firefighters
213
What fire flow does the NFPA standard also call for :
based on a 2,000 sq ft house w/ no basement: need to be capable of flowing 400 gpm and initial flow a minimum of 300 gpm through 2 hand lines.
214
What are the 2 kinds of adverse effects which latent conditions cause:
1. error provoking conditions 2. long lasting holes
215
What are unsafe acts committed by people in direct contact w/ situation or system:
Active failures
216
What is not wearing a seatbelt in a moving vehicle an example of :
Active Failure
217
List examples of latent conditions :
Untrustworthy alarms / unworkable procedures & designs & construction deficiencies
218
What provides the greatest opportunity for trapping & preventing errors from moving to a catastrophe:
Error Avoidance
219
Steps in Todd Bishops Assertive Statement Process
1. Attention Getter / Opening
2. State Your Concern
3. State Problem as You See it
4. State Solution
5. Obtain Agreement / Buy in
220
what 3 competencies is true respect based on:
Personal / Social / Technical : these are essential for leaders to function effectively in CRM environment
221
4 critical areas for self assessment of follower ship:
1. Physical Condition
2. Mental Condition
3. Attitude
4. Understanding Human Behavior
222
What are 2 categories most errors on incident scenes divide into:
Crew Performance / Mechanical Breakdown
223
What are the 6 steps for maintaining emergency scene Situational Awareness:
1. Fight the fire
2. Assess problems in the time available
3. Gather information from all sources
4. Choose the best option
5. Monitor The Results & alter plan as necessary
6. Beware of Situational Awareness loss factors
224
What are the situational awareness loss factors:
Ambiguity/Distraction/Fixation/Overload/Complacency/Improper Procedure/Unresolved discrepancy/Nobody Fighting the fire
225
What practice is used to reduce paramedic medication errors
2 people looking at a checklist & speaking items out loud
226
What is the procedure used by navy Blue Angels to debrief in a open, honest candid atmosphere where no member is immune from criticism / egos & feelings are left out and what ever is said inside stays inside
The Blue Line
227
What is the most common cause of death this decade of firefighters still in the burning bldg.
Flashover or becoming trapped due to structural collapse
228
What is considered a critical component of a comprhensive safety program
every interior operating team should have a TIC
229
Example of a Typical Volunteer Duty Night:
| Many Departments us a ? or ? to plan the duty crew activities.
day book or monthly calendar
230
Example of a Typical Volunteer Duty Night:
| one section of the fire station gest a major cleaning
2-3 times a year
231
when a fire officer is preparing to give a class where should be the first stop to find info
Personal training library
232
how many lawsuits does the eeoc file each year
about 400
233
what does gravely recommend the fire officer focus on in regards to workplace behavior
actionable items & hostile workplace
234
what level of fire officer certification is an officer with 3-5 years managerial experience & accomplished formal education to the level of a bachelors degree
NFPA Fire Officer Level 3 Administrative Fire Officer
235
The 1972 EEOC Act expanded its coverage to include almost all public & private employers / with how many or more employers
15
236
in a recent survey, chief officers working in cities and large counties responded to an email request to "list the most important tasks you want a new fire officer to do well" they where
1. Beginning of shift report
2. Notifications
3 & 4 Problem solving & Decision Making
237
what reinforces written pre incident plans:
walk-throughs
238
detailed overhead view can be obtained:
aerial photographs/digital maps/Google earth
Specially valuable in apartment complexes, business parks, and retail areas
239
these aerial views are especially valuable for
apartment complexes / business parks / retail areas
240
Typical Volunteer Duty Night:
| general station, company evolution, and apparatus cleaning performed on
on the weekends
241
which managerial type has the lowest level of concern for both results and people
indifferent / key word is neutral
242
the indifferent manager is like a bureaucratic govt agency treats everyone like a # , goes through the motions and relies heavily on:
Instructions & process/depending on others to outline what needs to be done/does enough to get by
243
this managing style tries to moderate both concerns between results & people / doesn't value one over the other / politically motivated & plays it safe
Status Quo : balance & compromise
244
What includes all activities to train & educate the employees
Human Resource Development / heavily dependent on the fire officer @ company level
245
What is the process of setting performance standards & evaluating performance against those standards?
Performance Management
246
what is the 3rd level of maslows hierarchy of needs
Social Needs & Affection
247
What level is the staffing function typically accomplished at
organizational
248
Hawthorne effect means that performance will improve not because of any specific condition being tested but simply because:
the attention they receive
249
name the sub quote for each managerial style:
| Indifferent:
evade & elude
250
name the sub quote for each managerial style:
| controlling:
direct & dominate
251
name the sub quote for each managerial style:
| accommodating:
yield & comply
252
name the sub quote for each managerial style:
| Status Quo:
Balance & Compromise
253
name the sub quote for each managerial style:
| sound:
Contribute & commit
254
Leo Stapleton / Boston Commissioner advocates officers maintain what:
personal journal / recording runs & issues they handled
255
What are prime factors that directly cause death while operating in burning bldg.?
Asphyxia and burns.
256
Violations are Unsafe Acts:
break them down, here is an example you name type:
Failure to follow recommended tactile best practice
failure to use safety equipment
Routine Violations
257
Violations are Unsafe Acts:
break them down, here is an example you name type:
Not being qualified to perform an action would be:
Exceptional Violation
258
Violations are Unsafe Acts:
break them down, here is an example you name type:
failure to follow recommended cerebral best practices
Routine Violations
259
Violations are considered intentional and are classified as 2 types
Routine & Exceptional
260
what is the nfpa standard for occupational health & safety program
NFPA 1500
261
what percent bleach to water should be used when deconning medical equipment
1% bleach to water
262
what is the first step in developing an incident action plan?
Understanding the causes of firefighter deaths & injuries
263
What line of defense is the ISO for ensuring firefighters are obtaining appropriate rehab
3rd line of defense/behind the individual & fire officer
264
NFPA standard for fire officer professional qualifications
NFPA 1521
265
What is the minimum level of fire officer requirement to be an ISO
Level 1 fire officer
266
When establishing objectives while developing a training program...what is the final part of the objective :
Measure of performance
267
most states and commonwealths require the trainee to pass a knowledge exam and a skills test for ? before engaging in interior structural firefighting
Firefighter 1
268
The International Fire Service Accreditation Congress (IFSAC) follows the ? format and operates through
CHEA format, Oklahoma State University
269
What is the maximum size of a functional crew at a live fire training event
5
270
When can the fire officer be certain that training has occurred ?
When their is an observable change in firefighters performance when responding to a real situation
271
at which psycho motor skill is the firefighter said to be competent
plateau
272
NFPA 1403 Live fire training evolution general points :
- designated and appropriate rest and rehab area
- inspect structure
- assign safety officer and ignition officer
- preburn brief & walk through
- instructor to each crew (max 5 trainees, instructor for each backup line)
- calculate the water supply: 150% of needed, 2 hand lines 95 gpm, 2 seperate sources
- Postburn review
273
Evaluation tendency when you base it on your personal ideals?
Frame of Reference
274
Control over the physical environment, technology, or organization of work.
(information power, ecological power, reward power, expert power, referent power, coercive power)
ecological power
275
power based on the target persons assessment the agents ability to discover or obtain relevant information rapidly and efficiently, usually though a cultivated network of sources
(information power, ecological power, reward power, expert power, referent power, coercive power)
Information Power
276
Control over information
| information power, ecological power, reward power, expert power, referent power, coercive power
information power
277
what are 2 general rules for non-emergency activities
1. don't jeopardize the public s trust in the fire dept
| 2. don't compromise the ability of the fire company to respond to emergencies in its district
278
Who delivers CERT courses in the community
team of 1st responders
279
Complex and long range tasks w/ a designated coordinator of multiple agencies may require what type of plan:
Formal Project Management Plan
280
What can the fire officer use to divide a project into segments , w/ milestones to identify progress?
Project Control Document
281
the difference between the current situation and the desired situation is defined as a
Problem
282
once the brainstorming time is up, have the group select ? ideas they like the best
5
283
In a brainstorming session group of 4 -16 people how long should be given
15-25 minutes
284
how often is a hazardous use permit renewed
annually
285
What are 2 examples of sociological environmental noise
Prejudice & bias
286
what is used by departments to announce promotions or transfers
general orders
287
which report is required by state workers compensation when an employee is injured
Supervisors Report
288
which is the most common form of reporting
verbal reports
289
What is the best way for the receiver to confirm understanding
repeat the key points back to the sender
290
When does a supervisors report need to be submitted?
24-72 hours after investigating the incident
291
What is a place to enter a record of any firefighter injury, liability creating event or special station visitors
Company Journal
292
9 functions of command:
```
Determining Strategy
Selecting Incident Tactics
Setting the Action Plan
Developing the ICS organization
Managing resources
Coordinating resource Activities
Providing for scene safety
Releasing Information about the incident
Coordinating w/ outside agencies
```
293
What must be adopted to receive assistance under the stafford act?
NIMS
294
who is the front line in ensuring firefighters obtain appropriate rehab
1. Firefighters, first in line
2. Fire Officer
3. ISO (3rd line)
295
The driver can remember a route he has not been to in several months is an example of
Latency
296
What is order of psychomotor skills
Initial
Plateau
Latency
Mastery
297
When did the NFPA standards get developed?
1970s
298
what establishes the qualifications of the system to award certificates based on standards
accreditation
299
Which government agency receives incident reports from Departments
Which government agency receives incident reports from Departments
300
Who developed CRM?
NASA 1979
301
The federal government undertakes a nationwide census
once a year, once every other year, once every five years, once every decade
once every decade
302
What flight validated CRM in 1989?
Flight 232 United bound for LA from Chicago
303
Who developed the error management model?
Robert Helmreich
304
a tool for supervisors to allow subordinates to complete tasks they are capable of performing, making the officer more effective.
task allocation or delegation
Delegation
305
what are the 6 areas of CRM in the Fire Service:
```
Communication Skills
Teamwork
Task Allocation
Critical Decision Making
Situational Awareness
Debriefing
```
306
motivational process known as EQUITY THEORY: suggest employees evaluate the outcomes they receive for their inputs and compare them with the outcomes others receive for their inputs. These outcomes range from:
pay and benefits to recognition, achievement, and promotion
307
who should function as the scribe in a brainstorming session?
the officer, keep group on task , write down ideas
308
a formal debriefing should emphasize what elements
communications, teamwork, both leadership & followership, evaluate critical decision making, reinforce situational awareness
309
motivational process known as EQUITY THEORY: suggest employees evaluate the outcomes they receive for their inputs and compare them with the outcomes others receive for their inputs. These inputs range from:
educational level, performance level, risks taken, and special skills
310
Who developed Risk Watch
NFPA
