FIRE EXAMS COMBINED Flashcards
1
Q
The goal of __________ is to ensure that all members of an agency perform a given task in a uniform way.
Select one: A. policies B. standard operating procedures C. tactical objectives D. the manual of operations
A
B. standard operating procedures
2
Q
Which position has the authority to directly and immediately stop or correct any activity on the fireground that he or she judges to be unsafe? Select one: A. Division/group supervisors B. Any team member C. Company officer D. Designated safety officer
A
D. Designated safety officer
3
Q
You have dug a shallow pit to collect and hold a hazardous liquid. Which control tactic is this? Select one: A. Diking B. Containment C. Detainment D. Retention
A
D. Retention
4
Q
Which type of adaptor is used to connect two female couplings to each other? Select one: A. Double female B. Double male C. Siamese D. Wye
A
B. Double Male
5
Q
Organizing an incident by breaking down the overall strategy into a series of smaller tasks is an example of: Select one: A. discipline. B. division of labor. C. unity of command. D. span of control.
A
B. division of labor.
6
Q
Which hose appliance combines two hose lines into one? Select one: A. Siamese B. Reducer C. Wye D. Manifold
A
A. Siamese
7
Q
A drag rescue device (DRD) is a component of the: Select one: A. protective coat. B. SCBA harness. C. protective pants. D. PASS device.
A
A. protective coat.
8
Q
Which statement best summarizes the types of incidents for which the incident command system (ICS) be should be implemented?
Select one:
A. Incidents where the incident commander’s span of control is exceeded
B. All emergency incidents
C. Incidents exceeding a single operational period
D. Incidents involving more than a single company
A
B. All emergency incidents
9
Q
The number of people whom one person can supervise effectively is known as: Select one: A. functional supervision. B. division of labor. C. chain of command. D. span of control.
A
D. span of control.
10
Q
What is the process by which a hazardous chemical flows through closures, seams, or pinholes in a material? Select one: A. Penetration B. Leakage C. Intrusion D. Seepage
A
A. Penetration
11
Q
Recent studies have identified which hazard related to the use of protective hoods? Select one:
A. Transfer of carcinogens from the hood to the skin
B. Increased physiological heat load
C. Reduced ability of the wearer to detect ambient thermal hazards
D. Greater frequency of SCBA facepiece seal leaks
A
A. Transfer of carcinogens from the hood to the skin
12
Q
Master streams flow a minimum of: Select one: A. 400 gpm (1514 lpm). B. 350 gpm (1325 lpm). C. 450 gpm (1703 lpm). D. 500 gpm (1893 lpm).
A
B. 350 gpm (1325 lpm).
13
Q
The individual responsible for the management of all incident operations is the: Select one: A. incident commander. B. commanding officer. C. operations chief. D. company officer.
A
A. incident commander.
14
Q
Smoke exposure causes \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ health effects. Select one: A. chronic B. acute C. no D. acute and chronic
A
D. acute and chronic
15
Q
Which style of leadership does the fire department use? Select one: A. Decentralized B. Paramilitary C. Distributed D. Top centralized
A
B. Paramilitary
16
Q
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the most important element of PPE for hazardous materials responders. Select one: A. Thermal protection B. Vapor protection C. Splash protection D. Respiratory protection
A
D. Respiratory protection
17
Q
Which position serves as a point of contact between the incident commander and the news media?
Select one:
A. Liaison officer
B. Planning section chief
C. Public information officer D. Agency representative
A
C. Public information officer
18
Q
What does it mean if a substance’s vapor density is 2.3?
Select one:
A. It has a relatively high boiling point.
B. It has an extraordinarily high boiling point.
C. It will sink in air.
D. It will float in air.
A
C. It will sink in air.
19
Q
Which type of valve is typically used on engine discharges? Select one: A. Clapper B. Ball C. Butterfly D. Gate
A
B. Ball
20
Q
Which type of company is responsible for securing a water source, deploying handlines, and putting water on the fire? Select one: A. Truck B. Rescue C. Engine D. Initial attack
A
C. Engine
21
Q
Who is responsible for coordinating the activities of several fire companies in a defined geographic area such as a district? Select one: A. Captain B. Battalion chief C. Assistant chief D. Section chief
A
B. Battalion chief
22
Q
Which of the following is an identifying characteristic of a cargo tank truck designed to carry liquids at atmospheric pressure?
Select one:
A. Circumferential rollover protection
B. Top-mounted loading control valves
C. Oval/elliptical cross-sectional tank shape
D. External ring stiffeners
A
C. Oval/elliptical cross-sectional tank shape
23
Q
What is the most common source of carbon monoxide? Select one: A. Smoke production B. Decomposition of organic materials C. Open drains and sewers D. Hydrocarbon vapors
A
A. Smoke production
24
Q
What does the “buddy system” refer to?
Select one:
A. Two-in, two-out
B. A team of at least two members who maintain constant contact
C. The tradition of “No one left behind”
D. The passport personnel accountability system
A
B. A team of at least two members who maintain constant contact
25
```
Which type of radiation is the most harmful to the human body?
Select one:
A. Beta
B. Gamma
C. Omega
D. Delta
```
B. Gamma
26
The following is a list of actions that might be taken on a hazardous materials incident. Which action is appropriate for operations level responders, but not for awareness level responders?
Select one:
A. Avoid contact with the material.
B. Use the Emergency Response Guide to identify the material.
C. Eliminate ignition sources.
D. Take steps to contain the release.
D. Take steps to contain the release.
27
What is the primary goal of investigating each fire fighter accident, injury, or near-miss?
Select one:
A. Determine whether misfeasance occurred
B. Identify patterns and trends
C. Determine how such an incident can be avoided in the future
D. Assess civil liability exposure
C. Determine how such an incident can be avoided in the future
28
When should divisions and groups be established?
Select one:
A. When the incident is not readily divided either functionally or geographically
B. When the incident extends beyond the initial operational period
C. When the incident straddles jurisdictional boundaries
D. When the number of resources exceeds manageable span of control
D. When the number of resources exceeds manageable span of control
29
```
According to FEMA, span of control of personnel is between:
Select one:
A. 1 and 10.
B. 2 and 5.
C. 3 and 7.
D. 5 and10.
```
C. 3 and 7.
30
What is the purpose of a personal alert safety system (PASS)?
Select one:
A. Warn fire fighters when their air supply is low
B. Sound an alarm when certain gases are detected
C. Sound an alarm if a fire fighter is motionless for a set period of time
D. Sound an alarm if ambient temperatures exceed a specified level
C. Sound an alarm if a fire fighter is motionless for a set period of time
31
The DOT defines a hazardous material as one that poses an unreasonable risk when:
Select one:
A. it is used in a reasonable, controlled manner.
B. it is being transported.
C. it is not properly contained or stored.
D. it is exposed to common environmental conditions.
C. it is not properly contained or stored.
32
```
Fire fighters should be able to don and activate an SCBA within _____ seconds. Select one:
A. 60
B. 45
C. 90
D. 75
```
A. 60
33
If, during a training exercise, you observe an unsafe practice, what should you do?
Select one:
A. Take immediate action to reduce the hazard
B. Bring it to the attention of the instructor or designated safety officer
C. Alert the members in closest proximity to the hazard
D. Stay focused on your own assignment
B. Bring it to the attention of the instructor or designated safety officer
34
PPE exposed to hazardous conditions should undergo an initial reduction of contaminants __________.
Select one:
A. immediately upon returning to the station
B. after response personnel have thoroughly showered and changed clothing
C. after apparatus and equipment have been restored to operational readiness
D. at the scene before returning to the station
D. at the scene before returning to the station
35
```
Pressure readings on an SCBA cylinder gauge and remote pressure gauge should not differ by more than _____ %.
Select one:
A. 25
B. 20
C. 15
D. 10
```
D. 10
36
```
The realistic duration of an SCBA air supply is __________ than the rated duration. Select one:
A. somewhat shorter
B. somewhat longer
C. about the same
D. much shorter
```
D. much shorter
37
```
What is the Department of Transportation's hazard class for explosives?
Select one:
A. Class 4
B. Class 3
C. Class 2
D. Class 1
```
D. Class 1
38
```
Which of the following pH values would indicate a strong acid?
Select one:
A. 9.5
B. 7.0
C. 1.7
D. 4.3
```
C. 1.7
39
Awareness level hazardous materials personnel are qualified to:
Select one:
A. conduct searches in a warm zone.
B. implement protective actions.
C. assist with decontamination of victims.
D. perform reconnaissance from a warm zone.
B. implement protective actions.
40
```
Which form of decontamination typically consists of removing contaminated clothing and dousing the victim with large volumes of water?
Select one:
A. Formal
B. Mass
C. Emergency
D. Technical
```
C. Emergency
41
```
Hydrogen cyanide affects:
Select one:
A. stem cells.
B. brain cells.
C. red blood cells.
D. White blood cells
```
C. red blood cells.
42
```
Which of the following is an identifying characteristic of pressurized horizontal tanks?
Select one:
A. Red stenciling
B. Wheels at one end
C. Rounded ends
D. Access hatches down the side
```
C. Rounded ends
43
```
A fire department is required to have a __________ to track personnel and assignments at an emergency scene.
Select one:
A. unit log
B. resource status report
C. passport system
D. personnel accountability system
```
D. personnel accountability system
44
```
What is the technique of redirecting the flow of a liquid away from an area? Select one:
A. Diversion
B. Damming
C. Diking
D. Detainment
```
A. Diversion
45
```
What is the first step after determining that a hazardous material is present? Select one:
A. Look up the substance in the ERG.
B. Rescue endangered people.
C. Establish control of the scene.
D. Call CHEMTREC)
```
C. Establish control of the scene.
46
```
Which function should occur in the warm zone?
Select one:
A. Triage area
B. Decontamination corridor
C. Command post
D. Staging area
```
B. Decontamination corridor
47
```
Which piece of equipment must be worn with structural firefighting PPE and SCBA?
Select one:
A. Bail-out rope
B. Escape harness
C. Buddy-breather
D. PASS device
```
D. PASS device
48
Which statement about the care and use of PPE is correct?
Select one:
A. In hot weather, resist the temptation to remove your turnout coat when at the rehabilitation station.
B. Accumulated dirt or contamination increases the potential for failure of protective clothing.
C. Damp turnout coats provide an extra degree of thermal protection.
D. Special cleaning solutions are available for home laundering of protective clothing.
B. Accumulated dirt or contamination increases the potential for failure of protective clothing.
49
How is flammable range related to the relative danger of a substance?
Select one:
A. There is no relationship between these quantities.
B. The narrower the range, the more dangerous the substance is.
C. The wider the range, the more dangerous the substance is.
D. The higher the bottom number, the more dangerous the substance is.
C. The wider the range, the more dangerous the substance is.
50
```
Which appliance is used to connect hose couplings with dissimilar threads?
Select one:
A. Siamese
B. Hose jacket
C. Fitting
D. Adaptor
```
D. Adaptor
51
Which of the following statements about decontamination of disposable chemical-protective equipment is correct?
Select one:
A. No decontamination is needed prior to disposal.
B. Equipment should be decontaminated sufficiently so that removal is safe for the wearer.
C. Only gross decontamination is required.
D. Decontamination should be thorough and complete.
B. Equipment should be decontaminated sufficiently so that removal is safe for the wearer.
52
```
What is the term for an engineered catch basin around a 5000-gallon liquid container that is designed to contain the product if the container fails?
Select one:
A. Moller wall
B. Auxiliary diking
C. Confinement barrier
D. Secondary containment
```
D. Secondary containment
53
```
Which are the two levels of NFPA fire fighter certification?
Select one:
A. Interior and exterior
B. Junior and Senior
C. Basic and Advanced
D. I and II
```
D. I and II
54
```
SCBA cylinders of aluminum, steel, and carbon-fiber must be hydrostatically tested every _____ years.
Select one:
A. 3
B. 2
C. 5
D. 4
```
C. 5
55
Which is an advantage of a smooth-bore nozzle? Select one:
A. Longer stream reach
B. Greater disruption of thermal layering
C. Operation at a higher nozzle pressure
D. Greater heat absorption per gallon discharged
A. Longer stream reach
56
```
Which responder level is trained to enter heavily contaminated areas for the purpose of stopping a hazardous materials release? Select one:
A. Technician
B. Awareness
C. Operations
D. Advanced
```
A. Technician
57
If one team member must exit a hazard area for any reason, what should the rest of the team do?
Select one:
A. Continue working on their assignment
B. Defer to the team leader, who should decide based on the circumstances
C. Assign a buddy to accompany the member out of the hazard area
D. Exit as the entire team together
D. Exit as the entire team together
58
```
Training and performance qualifications for firefighters are specified in which NFPA standard? Select one:
A. 1500
B. 1001
C. 472
D. 1021
```
B. 1001
59
```
Most smooth-bore nozzles are designed to operate at which pressure?
Select one:
A. 75 psi (517 kPa)
B. 125 psi (862 kPa)
C. 50 psi (345 kPa)
D. 100 psi (690 kPa)
```
C. 50 psi (345 kPa)
60
```
How often must SCBA face pieces be fit-tested?
Select one:
A. Every 6 months
B. Every 3 months
C. Monthly
D. Every 12 months
```
D. Every 12 months
61
A natural gas shut-off valve is usually a quarter turn-valve and is considered to be in the open position when_______?
Select one:
A. The indicator paddlewheel is turning
B. The handle is in line with the supply pipe
C. The valve stem is fully rotated outward against the stop D. The valve handle is rotated clockwise until it stops
B. The handle is in line with the supply pipe
62
```
Which is a hallmark of safe and effective emergency operations?
Select one:
A. Sacrifice
B. Teamwork
C. Integrity
D. Initiative
```
B. Teamwork
63
```
Which item is used to attach a smaller hose to a larger one?
Select one:
A. Gate
B. Fitting
C. Reducer
D. Adaptor
```
C. Reducer
64
```
The majority of fire fighter injuries are:
Select one:
A. burns.
B. inhalation injuries.
C. soft-tissue injuries.
D. overexertion or strain.
```
D. overexertion or strain.
65
What is the primary function of the purge/bypass valve on an SCBA regulator? Select one:
A. Provide an emergency air supply in the event of a malfunction
B. Bleed off residual pressure after the cylinder valve has been closed
C. Switch between pressure and pressure-demand modes
D. De-fog the face piece interior
A. Provide an emergency air supply in the event of a malfunction
66
```
Which coupling goes on the inside of a straight hose roll?
Select one:
A. Either
B. Female
C. Both couplings are attached
D. Male
```
D. Male
67
```
What is the term for the physical destruction or decomposition of a clothing material due to chemical exposure, general use, or ambient conditions?
Select one:
A. Impregnation
B. Disintegration
C. Degradation
D. Deterioration
```
C. Degradation
68
The _______________ creates a structure through which a department manages its routine and emergency operations?
Select one:
A. Scalar structure
B. Incident command system C. Chain of command
D. Division of labor
C. Chain of command
69
What should be done to avoid water hammer?
Select one:
A. Always maintain a minimum residual pressure of 20 psi
B. Never connect a hard suction hose to a pressurized water supply
C. Open and close all valves slowly
D. Purge air from the line before opening a valve or nozzle
C. Open and close all valves slowly
70
```
Which is one of the three methods by which team members working in a hazardous area should maintain contact with one another at all times?
Select one:
A. Rope
B. O-A-T-H
C. Visual
D. Radio
```
C. Visual
71
```
What does the “S” stand for in “SOP”?
Select one:
A. Specific
B. Standard
C. Special
D. Sequential
```
B. Standard
72
Which is an advantage of an automatic-adjusting fog nozzle?
Select one:
A. The flow from the nozzle remains constant despite variations in pressure.
B. The nozzle reaction remains constant despite variations in pump pressure.
C. The flow rate remains constant regardless of the discharge pattern.
D. The rate of flow adjusts to maintain the rated nozzle pressure.
D. The rate of flow adjusts to maintain the rated nozzle pressure.
73
```
Which type of company specializes in incidents involving spilled or leaking hazardous chemicals?
Select one:
A. Engine
B. Truck
C. Salvage
D. Hazardous material
```
D. Hazardous material
74
```
On an NFPA 704 symbol, what number indicates the greatest hazard?
Select one:
A. 3
B. 4
C. 1
D. 2
```
B. 4
75
```
A victim of a motor vehicle accident involving hazardous materials is transported by ambulance to a hospital. This action will result in __________ of ambulance personnel and the medical care facility.
Select one:
A. exposure
B. infection
C. contamination
D. secondary contamination
```
D. secondary contamination
76
```
What is the most common method of transporting hazardous materials? Select one:
A. Road
B. Rail
C. Air
D. Sea
```
A. Road
77
The concept of IDLH refers to:
Select one:
A. permissible exposure limits for a 30-minute time period.
B. recommended limits for a 10-hour exposure.
C. an immediate threat to life or interference with the ability to escape the atmosphere.
D. recommended limits of exposure over an 8-hour shift.
C. an immediate threat to life or interference with the ability to escape the atmosphere.
78
What does the Golden Rule mean when applied to the fire service? Select one:
A. Treat everyone else as if they were a member of your family
B. Stay humble and teachable, and be willing to teach others
C. Honor the job by working hard and doing your best
D. Working as a team is essential to success
A. Treat everyone else as if they were a member of your family
79
```
What is a commonly used technique for conserving SCBA air?
Select one:
A. Breath counting
B. Pursed-lip breathing
C. Inhale by mouth, exhale by nose
D. Skip breathing
```
D. Skip breathing
80
```
Which of the following is a confinement tactic?
Select one:
A. Plugging
B. Righting an overturned container
C. Patching
D. Diking
```
D. Diking
81
```
Hard rubber hose stored on a hose reel is __________ hose.
Select one:
A. forestry
B. booster
C. attack
D. mop-up
```
B. booster
82
```
Which type of breathing apparatus offers protection only for specific, known hazards?
Select one:
A. Supplied air
B. Open circuit
C. Closed circuit
D. Air-purifying respirator
```
D. Air-purifying respirator
83
```
Current NFPA standards require an SCBA EOSTI to sound when cylinder pressure drops to _____ percent of capacity.
Select one:
A. 20
B. 35
C. 30
D. 25
```
B. 35
84
```
Traditionally, most fog nozzles were designed to operate at which nozzle pressure? Select one:
A. 100 psi (690 kPa)
B. 75 psi (515 kPa)
C. 80 psi (550 kPa)
D. 50 psi (200 kPa)
```
A. 100 psi (690 kPa)
85
```
The use of Level __________ protective clothing should be used only in situations where there is no atmospheric hazard.
Select one:
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
```
D. D
86
```
The purpose of a(n) __________ is to respond immediately if a crew working inside the hazardous area needs rescue.
Select one:
A. interior attack team
B. buddy system
C. rescue group
D. rapid intervention crew
```
D. rapid intervention crew
87
```
Which basic management principle says that each fire fighter should answer to only one supervisor?
Select one:
A. Division of labor
B. Unity of command
C. Organizational accountability
D. Span of control
```
B. Unity of command
88
```
What term refers to when a person's internal body temperature falls below 95°F?
Select one:
A. Hyperactivity
B. Hypoglycemia
C. Hypothermia
D. Hypertempura
```
C. Hypothermia
89
```
An oxygen-deficient atmosphere contains less than _____ percent oxygen. Select one:
A. 21
B. 19.5
C. 18
D. 17.5
```
B. 19.5
90
```
Which type of wrench is used to tighten and loosen couplings?
Select one:
A. Hydrant
B. Lug
C. Spanner
D. Hose
```
C. Spanner
91
Generally speaking, a 13⁄4" (44-mm) attack hose can flow:
Select one:
A. 120 to 180 gpm (454 to 681 lpm).
B. 60 to 125 gpm (227 to 473 lpm).
C. 75 to 150 gpm (284 to 566 lpm).
D. 100 to 160 gpm (379 to 606 lpm).
A. 120 to 180 gpm (454 to 681 lpm).
92
```
Which form of decontamination is the most thorough?
Select one:
A. Primary
B. Mass
C. Secondary
D. Technical
```
D. Technical
93
The majority of fire fighter deaths are caused by:
Select one:
A. asphyxiation/smoke inhalation.
B. burns.
C. stress, overexertion, and medical issues.
D. response-related vehicle accidents.
C. stress, overexertion, and medical issues.
94
```
Turnout coats and trousers have a protective system that consists of _____ layers. Select one:
A. 3
B. 2
C. 4
D. 5
```
A. 3
95
```
Which section of the ERG contains the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances? Select one:
A. Blue
B. Green
C. Orange
D. Yellow
```
B. Green
96
```
What is the process by which toxic substances are brought into the body through the respiratory system? Select one:
A. Inhalation
B. Injection
C. Ingestion
D. Absorption
```
A. Inhalation
97
```
Which device splits one hose stream into two hose streams?
Select one:
A. Siamese
B. Water thief
C. Wye
D. Splitter
```
C. Wye
98
Situational awareness is best summed up by which phrase? Select one:
A. Putting safety first
B. Seeing the big picture and avoiding tunnel vision
C. Knowing your objective and your tactics
D. Filtering out distractions and maintaining your focus
B. Seeing the big picture and avoiding tunnel vision
99
```
Which of the following is one potential means for dispersing a chemical agent over a wide area?
Select one:
A. Crop-dusting aircraft
B. Steam radiator
C. Railway tank car
D. 55-gallon drum
```
A. Crop-dusting aircraft
100
```
What is the term for acting without a superior's orders or outside of department SOPs?
Select one:
A. Independent action
B. Decentralized authority
C. Freelancing
D. Initiative
```
C. Freelancing
101
Which is the purpose of creating a bight in an attack line during interior attack?
Select one:
A. Reduce the likelihood of kinks
B. Make surplus hose available if needed
C. Absorb the nozzle reaction
D. Reduce the number of friction points
B. Make surplus hose available if needed
102
```
What is the lower structural member of a truss called?
Select one:
A. Girder
B. Cantilever
C. Chord
D. Beam
```
C. Chord
103
```
Weighing the potential danger to fire fighters against the potential for saving a life is goal of the:
Select one:
A. triage.
B. primary survey.
C. life-safety analysis.
D. risk/benefit analysis.
```
D. risk/benefit analysis.
104
```
For which occupancy is shelter-in-place most likely to be the best option?
Select one:
A. Indoor assembly
B. Outdoor assembly
C. High-rise
D. Townhouse
```
C. High-rise
105
Which is the best way to confirm everyone has safely evacuated a building?
Select one:
A. Question occupants
B. Conduct a personnel accountability report
C. Conduct a thorough search
D. Conduct a head count
C. Conduct a thorough search
106
```
What is the term for the physical destruction or decomposition of a clothing material due to chemical exposure, general use, or ambient conditions?
Select one:
A. Degradation
B. Disintegration
C. Impregnation
D. Deterioration
```
A. Degradation
107
```
Pressure in a water distribution system during average consumption is __________ pressure. Select one:
A. normal operating
B. mean
C. static
D. residual
```
A. normal operating
108
```
What is the most common term for hand-held two-way radios carried by individual fire fighters? Select one:
A. Portable radios
B. Walkie-talkies
C. Mobile radios
D. Pocket radios
```
A. Portable radios
109
```
Friction loss is __________ proportional to the length of a hose. Select one:
A. directly
B. variably
C. indirectly
D. inversely
```
A. directly
110
Which is a commonly used evacuation signal?
Select one:
A. On-off operation of apparatus siren, sustained for 10 seconds
B. Radio broadcast of a rapid sequence of 5 short alert tones
C. Radio broadcast of a sustained, 5-second alert tone
D. A sequence of 3 blasts on an apparatus air horn
D. A sequence of 3 blasts on an apparatus air horn
111
```
What is the term for a radio signal that alerts personnel to pull back to a safe location?
Select one:
A. Evacuation signal
B. Withdrawal order
C. Mayday
D. Emergency traffic
```
A. Evacuation signal
112
Which statement regarding the fire fighter drag is correct?
Select one:
A. It requires no equipment to carry out.
B. It is useful for victims who are heavier than the rescuer.
C. It requires cooperation on the part of the victim.
D. It is well suited to stairways.
B. It is useful for victims who are heavier than the rescuer.
113
```
Type II construction is referred to as:
Select one:
A. noncombustible.
B. ordinary.
C. fire resistive.
D. fire retardant.
```
A. noncombustible.
114
```
Which is the NFPA color code for a hydrant flowing 500 to 999 gpm (1893 to 3781 lpm)?
Select one:
A. Red
B. Orange
C. Green
D. Light blue
```
B. Orange
115
Which is an advantage of an automatic-adjusting fog nozzle? Select one:
A. The flow rate remains constant regardless of the discharge pattern.
B. The flow from the nozzle remains constant despite variations in pressure.
C. The rate of flow adjusts to maintain the rated nozzle pressure.
D. The nozzle reaction remains constant despite variations in pump pressure.
C. The rate of flow adjusts to maintain the rated nozzle pressure.
116
```
The pipes that deliver water from the treatment facility for distribution are:
Select one:
A. trunks.
B. mains.
C. distributors.
D. secondaries.
```
B. mains.
117
What is the usual response when a caller disconnects before full information can be gathered and the dispatcher cannot reconnect by calling the caller back?
Select one:
A. Log the incident and wait for the caller to call back
B. Send a full complement of responders, including police, EMS, and fire
C. Send a single engine to assess the situation
D. Dispatch a police unit to check on the caller
D. Dispatch a police unit to check on the caller
118
```
During a fire, where is a child likely to hide?
Select one:
A. In his or her parent's bed
B. In the kitchen
C. In a closet
D. In an exit pathway
```
C. In a closet
119
```
What is the process by which a hazardous chemical flows through closures, seams, or pinholes in a material? Select one:
A. Intrusion
B. Penetration
C. Seepage
D. Leakage
```
B. Penetration
120
```
When lowering an unconscious child down a ladder, where should the rescuer's hands be?
Select one:
A. On different rungs
B. On the beams
C. On the same rung
D. One on a rung, the other on a beam
```
B. On the beams
121
What should be done with the excess halyard once an extension ladder is placed and extended?
Select one:
A. Use it to form an anchor point
B. Let it hang between the ladder and the building
C. Wrap it around rungs of the ladder
D. Use it to tie off the bed section
C. Wrap it around rungs of the ladder
122
Which of the following statements about decontamination of disposable chemical-protective equipment is correct? Select one:
A. Decontamination should be thorough and complete.
B. No decontamination is needed prior to disposal.
C. Equipment should be decontaminated sufficiently so that removal is safe for the wearer.
D. Only gross decontamination is required.
C. Equipment should be decontaminated sufficiently so that removal is safe for the wearer.
123
Which is an indication of a solid (not veneer) brick wall? Select one:
A. Brick are laid in a running bond pattern
B. Bricks are flat-laid
C. Every seventh course of bricks is turned sideways
D. Mortar joints are tuck-pointed
C. Every seventh course of bricks is turned sideways
124
What are laminated glass windows likely to do when exposed to a fire?
Select one:
A. Shatter into small nuggets with dull edges
B. Break irregularly into long, sharp-edged shards
C. Crack but remain in place
D. Melt
C. Crack but remain in place
125
```
In a well-designed water distribution system, which type of pattern do the water mains follow?
Select one:
A. Loop
B. Grid
C. Branched
D. Parallel
```
B. Grid
126
```
What happens when moisture trapped in concrete is heated and expands, causing parts of the concrete to break away?
Select one:
A. Cavitation
B. Scaling
C. Granulation
D. Spalling
```
D. Spalling
127
```
What is the term for a two-way radio that is permanently mounted in a vehicle? Select one:
A. Portable radio
B. Repeater
C. Hi-band radio
D. Mobile radio
```
D. Mobile radio
128
```
The rate of combustion of wood is most directly related to which factor?
Select one:
A. Use of adhesives
B. Volatility
C. Age
D. Surface area
```
D. Surface area
129
```
Telecommunicators should use _________ listening.
Select one:
A. interrogatory
B. interpretive
C. active
D. critical
```
C. active
130
Where are dry-barrel hydrants typically located?
Select one:
A. Areas subject to frequent vandalism
B. Static water supplies
C. Cold climates
D. Dedicated fire protection water systems
C. Cold climates
131
What does the Golden Rule mean when applied to the fire service?
Select one:
A. Stay humble and teachable, and be willing to teach others
B. Treat everyone else as if they were a member of your family
C. Honor the job by working hard and doing your best
D. Working as a team is essential to success
B. Treat everyone else as if they were a member of your family
132
```
The pressure in a system when no water is flowing is called __________ pressure.
Select one:
A. operating
B. static
C. residual
D. flow
```
B. static
133
```
Which phrase is used to report that the primary search has been completed?
Select one:
A. “Nothing found”
B. “Search negative”
C. “Primary search is all clear” "
D. “Area search complete”
```
C. “Primary search is all clear” "
134
```
Which type of truss has a curved upper member and a straight lower member?
Select one:
A. Engineered
B. Bowstring
C. Lightweight
D. Open web
```
B. Bowstring
135
How should fire fighters space themselves when advancing an uncharged line up a ladder? Select one:
A. Only the fire fighter with the nozzle should be on the ladder
B. One fire fighter on each ladder section
C. 15 ft (5 m) apart
D. 10 ft (3 m) apart
B. One fire fighter on each ladder section
136
```
Training and performance qualifications for firefighters are specified in which NFPA standard?
Select one:
A. 472
B. 1001
C. 1500
D. 1021
```
B. 1001
137
Which is an advantage of a forward lay?
Select one:
A. Can be performed solely by the driver/operator without assistance
B. Greater tactical flexibility
C. Greater supply volumes
D. Places the attack engine and its equipment close to the fire
D. Places the attack engine and its equipment close to the fire
138
```
What is Type V construction?
Select one:
A. Lightweight
B. Ordinary
C. Wood frame
D. Fire resistive
```
C. Wood frame
139
```
A hose line is advanced to a building to attack a fire in a(n) __________ attack.
Select one:
A. defensive
B. transitional
C. blitz
D. offensive
```
D. offensive
140
What are butt spurs on a ladder? Select one:
A. Spikes on the base that keep it from slipping
B. Devices to secure the ladder to a roof ridge
C. Mechanical locks that hold the fly section in place D. Damage to the metal of the butt plate
A. Spikes on the base that keep it from slipping
141
```
Generally speaking, a 13⁄4" (44-mm) attack hose can flow:
Select one:
A. 75 to 150 gpm (284 to 566 lpm).
B. 120 to 180 gpm (454 to 681 lpm).
C. 60 to 125 gpm (227 to 473 lpm).
D. 100 to 160 gpm (379 to 606 lpm).
```
B. 120 to 180 gpm (454 to 681 lpm).
142
```
When lowering an unconscious victim down a ladder, what is the position of the victim?
Select one:
A. Horizontal, facing the ladder
B. Horizontal, facing the rescuer
C. Upright, facing the ladder
D. Upright with back toward the ladder
```
D. Upright with back toward the ladder
143
```
Which is a quick attempt to locate potential victims who may be in danger? Select one:
A. Primary search
B. Initial survey
C. Secondary search
D. Rapid sweep
```
A. Primary search
144
Which of the following is an identifying characteristic of a cargo tank truck designed to carry liquids at atmospheric pressure?
Select one:
A. Circumferential rollover protection
B. Oval/elliptical cross-sectional tank shape
C. Top-mounted loading control valves
D. External ring stiffeners
B. Oval/elliptical cross-sectional tank shape
145
A ladder belt or a leg lock should be used when: Select one:
A. reaching or working from a ladder.
B. carrying equipment up or down the ladder.
C. tying in either the fly or the butt.
D. moving an unconscious victim down a ladder.
A. reaching or working from a ladder.
146
```
Which construction assembly is the most susceptible to total failure resulting from the failure of a small section? Select one:
A. Truss
B. Roof panel
C. Cantilever
D. Bearing wall
```
A. Truss
147
```
A short fold in a supply hose load that prevents a coupling from flipping around when the hose is being laid out is a: Select one:
A. Dutchman.
B. reverse.
C. bowtie.
D. tuck.
```
A. Dutchman.
148
```
When placed at the correct angle for climbing, the ratio of the ladder's vertical reach to distance of the butt from the structure is __________ to one.
Select one:
A. three
B. five
C. four
D. two
```
C. four
149
```
The generally accepted objective is approximately _____ seconds from the time a call reaches the communication until units are dispatched.
Select one:
A. 60
B. 45
C. 90
D. 30
```
C. 90
150
```
Telecommunicators need to know the location of the emergency and __________ to initiate a dispatch.
Select one:
A. reporting party identity
B. nature of the situation
C. callback number
D. severity of the situation
```
B. nature of the situation
151
```
On which principle does a thermal imaging camera operate?
Select one:
A. Ultraviolet light detection
B. Digital image enhancement
C. Diffraction spectroscopy
D. Temperature differentials
```
D. Temperature differentials
152
```
Which of the following is a confinement tactic?
Select one:
A. Plugging
B. Righting an overturned container
C. Patching
D. Diking
```
D. Diking
153
```
Which is one of the three primary roof designs?
Select one:
A. Mansard
B. Curved
C. Hip
D. Gable
```
B. Curved
154
```
As a general guideline, a pumper should supply a sprinkler system at:
Select one:
A. 175 psi (1206 kPa).
B. 100 psi (689 kPa).
C. 125 psi (861 kPa).
D. 150 psi (1034 kPa).
```
D. 150 psi (1034 kPa).
155
```
SCBA cylinders of aluminum, steel, and carbon-fiber must be hydrostatically tested every _____ years. Select one:
A. 5
B. 2
C. 4
D. 3
```
A. 5
156
```
Which is the term for the chemical change that occurs to wood when it is heated?
Select one:
A. Catagenesis
B. Reduction
C. Pyrolysis
D. Oxidization
```
C. Pyrolysis
157
When is a secondary search performed?
Select one:
A. As soon as personnel become available
B. Immediately upon completion of the primary search
C. Simultaneously with the primary search
D. After the fire has been brought under control
D. After the fire has been brought under control
158
```
When raising a ladder, it should be kept a minimum of __________ from power lines.
Select one:
A. 15 ft (4.5 m)
B. 20 ft (6 m)
C. 10 ft (3 m)
D. 5 ft (1.5 m)
```
C. 10 ft (3 m)
159
When assisting a conscious victim down a ladder, how can the rescuer maintain control of the victim's descent?
Select one:
A. Tie the victim to the rescuer.
B. Squeeze the victim against the ladder.
C. Tie the victim to a rope looped over a rung.
D. Stand on the same rung as the victim.
B. Squeeze the victim against the ladder.
160
```
What is the proper climbing angle for a ladder?
Select one:
A. 85
B. 60
C. 75
D. 65
```
C. 75
161
```
Which is the first priority for a victim who is in a hazardous area and in need of medical treatment?
Select one:
A. Remove the patient from the hazard.
B. Begin medical treatment.
C. Package the patient for removal.
D. Complete the primary survey.
```
A. Remove the patient from the hazard.
162
Which is the most important objective in processing an emergency call?
Select one:
A. Determine the nature and extend of the incident being reported
B. Calm and reassure the caller
C. Provide the caller with real-time, emergency instructions, such as how to perform CPR
D. Get the information needed to dispatch the appropriate units to the correct location
D. Get the information needed to dispatch the appropriate units to the correct location
163
```
The _______________ creates a structure through which a department manages its routine and emergency operations?
Select one:
A. Scalar structure
B. Incident command system
C. Division of labor
D. Chain of command
```
D. Chain of command
164
Where should the tip of a ladder be placed for rescue operations from a window?
Select one:
A. Just above the top of the window
B. On either side of the window, halfway up the opening
C. Immediately below the windowsill
D. Into the opening about three rungs
C. Immediately below the windowsill
165
The flow or quantity of water moving is usually measured in:
Select one:
A. joules.
B. cubic feet per minute (cubic meters per minute).
C. pounds per square inch (kilopascals).
D. gallons per minute (liters per minute).
D. gallons per minute (liters per minute).
166
Which is an advantage of the horseshoe hose load? Select one:
A. It reduces the number of sharp bends in the hose.
B. It minimizes wear on the hose.
C. It is particularly well adapted for use in split hose beds.
D. The length of hose between bends is consistent.
A. It reduces the number of sharp bends in the hose.
167
What is the primary function of the purge/bypass valve on an SCBA regulator?
Select one:
A. De-fog the face piece interior
B. Provide an emergency air supply in the event of a malfunction
C. Switch between pressure and pressure-demand modes
D. Bleed off residual pressure after the cylinder valve has been closed
B. Provide an emergency air supply in the event of a malfunction
168
```
There are _____ major steps in processing a report of an emergency incident.
Select one:
A. four
B. six
C. five
D. three
```
C. five
169
```
Which type of raise is typically used when the ladder is raised perpendicular to the target surface?
Select one:
A. Beam
B. Throw
C. Flat
D. Overhead
```
C. Flat
170
```
Most smooth-bore nozzles are designed to operate at which pressure? Select one:
A. 50 psi (345 kPa)
B. 75 psi (517 kPa)
C. 125 psi (862 kPa)
D. 100 psi (690 kPa)
```
A. 50 psi (345 kPa)
171
```
Master streams flow a minimum of: Select one:
A. 350 gpm (1325 lpm).
B. 500 gpm (1893 lpm).
C. 450 gpm (1703 lpm).
D. 400 gpm (1514 lpm).
```
A. 350 gpm (1325 lpm).
172
```
Which area is the first search priority? Select one:
A. The area immediately around the fire
B. Exit pathways
C. The rooms most likely to be occupied
D. The higher-level floors
```
A. The area immediately around the fire
173
```
The NFPA recommends color-coding hydrants to indicate:
Select one:
A. available flow.
B. the water source.
C. the most recent flow test.
D. available pressure.
```
A. available flow.
174
```
Exposure of a metal ladder to a minimum temperature of approximately __________ will cause a heat sensor label to change color.
Select one:
A. 212°F (100°C)
B. 250°F (120°C)
C. 300°F (150°C)
D. 150°F (65°C)
```
C. 300°F (150°C)
175
The following is a list of actions that might be taken on a hazardous materials incident. Which action is appropriate for operations level responders, but not for awareness level responders?
Select one:
A. Eliminate ignition sources.
B. Avoid contact with the material.
C. Take steps to contain the release.
D. Use the Emergency Response Guide to identify the material.
C. Take steps to contain the release.
176
```
Which type of wall is used to prevent the spread of fire from one side of the wall to the other?
Select one:
A. Fire
B. Partition
C. Curtain
D. Bearing
```
A. Fire
177
```
Which pressure measurement provides the best indicator of how much more water is available in the system? Select one:
A. Residual
B. Normal operating
C. Flow
D. Static
```
A. Residual
178
What does the “buddy system” refer to? Select one:
A. A team of at least two members who maintain constant contact
B. Two-in, two-out
C. The tradition of “No one left behind”
D. The passport personnel accountability system
A. A team of at least two members who maintain constant contact
179
```
Fire hydrants should be inspected at least once every _____ months.
Select one:
A. 24
B. 18
C. 12
D. 6
```
C. 12
180
```
What is the realistic minimum usable residual pressure from a water distribution system for firefighting operations?
Select one:
A. 30 psi (207 kPa)
B. 20 psi (138 kPa)
C. 0 psi (0 kPa)
D. 40 psi (276 kPa)
```
B. 20 psi (138 kPa)
181
```
Which is one of the three methods by which team members working in a hazardous area should maintain contact with one another at all times?
Select one:
A. Rope
B. Radio
C. O-A-T-H
D. Visual
```
D. Visual
182
```
Which knot is used to tie off a ladder halyard?
Select one:
A. Sheepshank
B. Clove hitch
C. Bowline on a bight D. Figure eight
```
B. Clove hitch
183
```
For which type of search pattern do fire fighters turn right upon entering a room and then turn left at each corner around the room?
Select one:
A. Standard
B. Oriented
C. Right-handed
D. Clockwise
```
C. Right-handed
184
The DOT defines a hazardous material as one that poses an unreasonable risk when:
Select one:
A. it is not properly contained or stored.
B. it is exposed to common environmental conditions.
C. it is used in a reasonable, controlled manner.
D. it is being transported.
A. it is not properly contained or stored.
185
What is hard suction hose most commonly used for?
Select one:
A. Filling a portable tank
B. Relay pumping
C. Transferring water from a pressurized source to a pump
D. Drafting from a static water source
D. Drafting from a static water source
186
```
A victim of a motor vehicle accident involving hazardous materials is transported by ambulance to a hospital. This action will result in __________ of ambulance personnel and the medical care facility.
Select one:
A. secondary contamination
B. infection
C. exposure
D. contamination
```
A. secondary contamination
187
What is the correct procedure for a burst hose line? Select one:
A. Use two lengths of hose to replace a single burst length.
B. Place the clamp as far from the burst section of hose as possible.
C. Shut the line down at the pump panel only as last resort.
D. Leave the burst section in operation unless the water loss is affecting nozzle flow.
A. Use two lengths of hose to replace a single burst length.
188
```
What is the decrease in pressure that occurs as water moves through a hose?
Select one:
A. Dynamic loss
B. Water hammer
C. Residual pressure
D. Friction loss
```
D. Friction loss
189
Which is a correct statement about the flat hose load?
Select one:
A. It can be used with any size of hose.
B. It is prone to kinks and twists.
C. It is used primarily for attack hose loads.
D. It reduces the number of sharp bends in the hose.
A. It can be used with any size of hose.
190
```
You have dug a shallow pit to collect and hold a hazardous liquid. Which control tactic is this?
Select one:
A. Retention
B. Containment
C. Detainment
D. Diking
```
A. Retention
191
In a building fire, you observe warped steel structural members. What is the first and safest action to take? Select one:
A. Immediately clear the area
B. Direct a hose stream on the members
C. No specific action is required
D. Inform the incident commander of your observations
A. Immediately clear the area
192
```
What does the “R” stand for in the LUNAR acronym?
Select one:
A. Responding
B. Repeat transmission
C. Resources
D. Rescue needed
```
C. Resources
193
```
Which type of valve is typically used on engine discharges?
Select one:
A. Clapper
B. Ball
C. Gate
D. Butterfly
```
B. Ball
194
```
Ladder rescues should be performed with at least _____ fire fighters whenever possible. Select one:
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
```
A. 2
195
```
Which section of the ERG contains the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances? Select one:
A. Blue
B. Yellow
C. Green
D. Orange
```
C. Green
196
Which statement about operating an attack line from a ground ladder is correct? Select one:
A. The ladder should be tied off to the building.
B. Two parallel ladders are required for this operation.
C. This is a risky operation that should be avoided whenever possible.
D. The hose must be secured to the ladder.
D. The hose must be secured to the ladder.
197
```
Which is an example of a hose friction point?
Select one:
A. Doorway
B. Kink
C. Appliance
D. Hose bed cover
```
A. Doorway
198
```
Which is the most frequently used supply line evolution by a first-arriving engine? Select one:
A. Forward
B. Split
C. Reverse
D. Combination
```
A. Forward
199
```
Standard operating procedures generally require that an attack line be connected to a standpipe system outlet:
Select one:
A. one floor above the fire floor.
B. on the fire floor.
C. two floors below the fire floor.
D. one floor below the fire floor.
```
D. one floor below the fire floor.
200
```
Traditionally, most fog nozzles were designed to operate at which nozzle pressure?
Select one:
A. 50 psi (200 kPa)
B. 100 psi (690 kPa)
C. 80 psi (550 kPa)
D. 75 psi (515 kPa)
```
B. 100 psi (690 kPa)
201
Before raising an extension ladder, you should check to make sure the: Select one:
A. foot is heeled.
B. dogs are locked.
C. area is clear of overhead obstructions.
D. halyard is secure.
C. area is clear of overhead obstructions.
202
```
Which is term for a combined, offensive, exterior, and interior operation? Select one:
A. Blitz
B. Indirect
C. Hit-and-run
D. Defensive
```
A. Blitz
203
What does the term “mayday” mean?
Select one:
A. Everyone withdraw from the hazard area
B. Deploy the rapid intervention crew (RIC)
C. A fire fighter is in trouble and needs assistance
D. Hold all radio traffic
C. A fire fighter is in trouble and needs assistance
204
```
What is the very top of a ladder called?
Select one: A. Fly
B. Caw
C. Tip
D. Top plate
```
C. Tip
205
```
According to the NFPA, what is the minimum distance between the center of a fire hydrant outlet and the finished grade of the ground around the hydrant?
Select one:
A. 18" (45 cm)
B. 24" (60 cm)
C. 30" (75 cm)
D. 12" (30 cm)
```
A. 18" (45 cm)
206
```
Which form of decontamination typically consists of removing contaminated clothing and dousing the victim with large volumes of water?
Select one:
A. Technical
B. Mass
C. Emergency
D. Formal
```
C. Emergency
207
```
Which wood-frame construction system uses studs that run continuously from the basement to the roof?
Select one:
A. Conventional
B. Balloon frame
C. Western
D. Platform
```
B. Balloon frame
208
```
What is the term for an urgent message, used by telecommunicator, which takes priority over all other communications?
Select one:
A. Mayday
B. Priority message
C. Code 30
D. Emergency traffic
```
D. Emergency traffic
209
```
What is the rope or cable that is used to extend or hoist the fly section of an extension ladder? Select one:
A. Halyard
B. Hawser
C. Leader
D. Sheet
```
A. Halyard
210
```
When lives can be saved, how much risk is justified in trying to save them?
Select one:
A. Minimal
B. High
C. Unlimited
D. Moderate
```
B. High
211
The use of plain language in radio communication is recommended by the NFPA and:
Select one:
A. The US Fire Administration (USFA).
B. Federal Communications Commission (FCC).
C. National Incident Management System (NIMS).
D. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).
C. National Incident Management System (NIMS).
212
```
What does steel do when heated?
Select one:
A. Harden
B. Contract
C. Elongate
D. Spall
```
C. Elongate
213
Situational awareness is best summed up by which phrase?
Select one:
A. Filtering out distractions and maintaining your focus
B. Putting safety first
C. Knowing your objective and your tactics
D. Seeing the big picture and avoiding tunnel vision
D. Seeing the big picture and avoiding tunnel vision
214
Awareness level hazardous materials personnel are qualified to:
Select one:
A. assist with decontamination of victims.
B. perform reconnaissance from a warm zone.
C. implement protective actions.
D. conduct searches in a warm zone.
C. implement protective actions.
215
What is the likely result of a ladder striking an overhead obstruction while it is being raised?
Select one:
A. Sudden collapse of the fly section
B. Damage to the ladder that is not readily apparent
C. A broken or weakened halyard
D. Loss of control of the ladder
D. Loss of control of the ladder
216
```
How does the fire fighter move when performing the fire fighter drag?
Select one:
A. Duck-walking
B. Walking forward
C. Walking backward
D. Crawling on hands and knees
```
D. Crawling on hands and knees
217
```
A NIOSH study found that unprotected lightweight engineered I-joist floor assemblies fail after _____ minutes of fire exposure. Select one:
A. 6
B. 9
C. 15
D. 12
```
A. 6
218
```
What does the “A” stand for in the LUNAR acronym? Select one:
A. Air
B. Acknowledge
C. Actions
D. Assess
```
A. Air
219
```
Which type of ladder should be carried by more than one fire fighter? Select one:
A. Extension
B. Attic
C. Single
D. Roof
```
A. Extension
220
```
The pipes that deliver water to users and hydrants on individual streets are:
Select one:
A. distributors.
B. cross mains.
C. service lines.
D. secondaries.
```
A. distributors.
221
```
What does the “A” stand for in “CAD”?
Select one:
A. Automatic
B. Auxiliary
C. Ancillary
D. Aided
```
D. Aided
222
```
What is the approximate floor-to-windowsill height of a residential structure?
Select one:
A. 2.5 feet (0.75 m)
B. 3 feet (1 m)
C. 3.5 feet (1.25 m)
D. 4 feet (1.5 m)
```
B. 3 feet (1 m)
223
```
When there is extra hose at the entry of a building, how should that hose be arranged?
Select one:
A. Similar to an accordion fold
B. A straight line
C. Large, loose coils
D. A serpentine pattern
```
D. A serpentine pattern
224
```
Streams are operated from the exterior of a building at a safe distance. This is an example of which type of attack line evolution?
Select one:
A. Transitional attack
B. Defensive attack
C. Blitz attack
D. Combination attack
```
B. Defensive attack
225
```
Which phase of a fire-ground operation involves the observation and evaluation of factors used to determine the strategy and tactics to be employed?
Select one:
A. Size-up
B. Investigation
C. Evaluation
D. Initial assessment
```
A. Size-up
226
Which is a common use for a wooden wedge during overhaul?
Select one:
A. Pulling a meter
B. Stopping the flow of water from a sprinkler head
C. Shoring unstable objects
D. Plugging a gas leak
B. Stopping the flow of water from a sprinkler head
227
```
What does it mean when a fire extinguisher has a pictograph with a red slash through it?
Select one:
A. Use on that class of fire could be unsafe
B. The fire extinguisher has not been tested for use on that class of fire
C. Use on that class of fire would be ineffective
D. The fire extinguisher is rated for use on that class of fire
```
A. Use on that class of fire could be unsafe
228
```
Which mechanical device is needed to accomplish negative-pressure ventilation?
Select one:
A. Fog stream
B. Draft curtain
C. Fan
D. Chainsaw
```
C. Fan
229
```
Which wrench has a closed end and is used to tighten nuts or bolts?
Select one:
A. Adjustable
B. Pipe
C. Box-end
D. Spanner
```
C. Box-end
230
```
Which is a disadvantage of CO2 extinguishers?
Select one:
A. Corrosive residue
B. Electrical conductivity
C. Short discharge range
D. Cost
```
C. Short discharge range
231
Which statement is correct regarding Class D extinguishing agents? Select one:
A. The specific agent must be matched to the specific fuel.
B. Most agents are effective on several Class D fuels.
C. Application methods are similar regardless of the agent and fuel involved.
D. Some agents are also rated for other classes of fire.
A. The specific agent must be matched to the specific fuel.
232
```
Which tool is a hand-operated winch?
Select one:
A. Porto-Power
B. Come along
C. Rabbit tool
D. Block-and-tackle
```
B. Come along
233
```
Tempered glass is about __________ as strong as regular glass. Select one:
A. four times
B. twice
C. equally
D. half
```
A. four times
234
```
What is an approved treatment to prevent rusting of unpainted metal tool surfaces?
Select one:
A. Paint
B. A nonflammable rust inhibitor
C. A light film of oil
D. Cosmoline
```
C. A light film of oil
235
Use of a spring-loaded center punch to break tempered automobile glass results in:
Select one:
A. irregular pieces of glass of varying sizes and shapes.
B. a sheet of spidered glass.
C. large, sharp-edged shards of glass.
D. many small, uniform-sized pieces of glass.
D. many small, uniform-sized pieces of glass.
236
```
Application of water to the base of a fire is a(n) __________ attack. Select one:
A. direct
B. combination
C. indirect
D. blitz
```
A. direct
237
```
Which is a primary factor when determining hazard classification for extinguisher selection and placement?
Select one:
A. Permissible occupancy load
B. Presence of a sprinkler system
C. Construction type
D. Amount of combustibles present
```
D. Amount of combustibles present
238
```
To qualify as a light hazard for the purpose of extinguisher selection and placement, the majority of materials in the area must:
Select one:
A. be low combustibility.
B. be fire resistive.
C. have a flash point exceeding 150°F.
D. be Class A or C combustibles
```
A. be low combustibility.
239
Which statement about operating an attack line from a ground ladder is correct?
Select one:
A. Two parallel ladders are required for this operation.
B. The hose must be secured to the ladder.
C. The ladder should be tied off to the building.
D. This is a risky operation that should be avoided whenever possible.
B. The hose must be secured to the ladder.
240
```
The Halligan is classified as a _________ tool.
Select one:
A. prying/spreading
B. pushing/pulling
C. striking
D. cutting
```
A. prying/spreading
241
Which statement best describes the process of overhaul?
Select one:
A. Ensuring that all remaining fire is discovered and extinguished after the main fire has been knocked down.
B. Actions taken to protect property from preventable smoke, fire, and water damage.
C. Preservation of evidence, investigation, and determination of fire cause and origin.
D. The systematic demobilization and release of resources from the scene.
A. Ensuring that all remaining fire is discovered and extinguished after the main fire has been knocked down.
242
Which statement is correct about simultaneous offensive and defensive operations at the same building? Select one:
A. It is dangerous and should not be done.
B. It may be a useful tactic for large industrial buildings.
C. It may be necessary until the completion of the primary search.
D. It may be necessary when circumstances prevent the use of a transitional attack.
A. It is dangerous and should not be done.
243
```
Operations are conducted from inside the fire building in which type of attack?
Select one:
A. Tactical
B. Defensive
C. Rescue
D. Offensive
```
D. Offensive
244
```
Which type of glass is normally used in automobile windshields? Select one:
A. Laminated
B. Annealed
C. Reinforced
D. Tempered
```
A. Laminated
245
```
For the purpose of extinguisher selection and placement, a woodworking shop is a(n) __________ hazard environment. Select one:
A. extra
B. ordinary
C. light
D. moderate
```
A. extra
246
```
What is an advantage of portable fire extinguishers over hose lines?
Select one:
A. Greater heat absorption
B. Controllable rates of flow
C. Longer duration
D. Faster deployment
```
D. Faster deployment
247
```
A chisel is classified as a __________ tool.
Select one:
A. pushing/pulling
B. prying/spreading
C. striking
D. cutting
```
C. striking
248
```
What is the target of the hose stream in an indirect attack?
Select one:
A. The base of the fire
B. As close to the fire as possible
C. The most threatened exposure
D. The ceiling of the fire room
```
D. The ceiling of the fire room
249
Which is the goal of salvage operations at a residential fire?
Select one:
A. Finding and extinguishing hidden fire
B. Protection of personal property
C. Determination of cause
D. Removal of salvageable contents from the structure
B. Protection of personal property
250
```
Before beginning any forcible entry, which simple rule should fire fighters keep in mind?
Select one:
A. Get low before you go.
B. Without a hose, the fire grows.
C. Try before you pry.
D. Doors are replaceable; lives are not.
```
C. Try before you pry.
251
```
Tool failure and possibly injury could result from attempting to cut __________ with ordinary cutting tools. Select one:
A. case-hardened steel
B. braided wire
C. masonry
D. proof coil
```
A. case-hardened steel
252
```
Which is one of the functional categories of forcible entry tools?
Select one:
A. Piercing
B. Lever
C. Nondestructive
D. Striking
```
D. Striking
253
```
Which tool is commonly used in interior search and rescue? Select one:
A. Thermal imaging device
B. Multi-gas detector
C. Cribbing/shoring
D. Acoustic detection device
```
A. Thermal imaging device
254
```
A portable monitor is an example of:
Select one:
A. large handlines.
B. master stream devices.
C. deluge sets.
D. aerial streams.
```
B. master stream devices.
255
```
Which is the most common type of fixed lock in use today? Select one:
A. Spring bolt
B. Mortise
C. Cylindrical
D. Rim
```
C. Cylindrical
256
```
Which tool is used to pull down a ceiling?
Select one:
A. Rabbit tool
B. Pike pole
C. K tool
D. Kelly tool
```
B. Pike pole
257
```
Which component is part of a Halligan tool?
Select one:
A. Cutting blade
B. Spring-loaded hook
C. Hydrant spanner
D. Fork
```
D. Fork
258
```
Which type of glass is normally used in automobile side and rear windows?
Select one:
A. Annealed
B. Polycarbonate
C. Tempered
D. Laminated
```
C. Tempered
259
```
Which method should be considered first when forcing an outward-swinging door?
Select one:
A. Cutting the bolt with a rotary saw
B. Using the irons to pry it open
C. Removing the hinge pins
D. Driving the cylinder through the door
```
C. Removing the hinge pins
260
```
A Class A fire extinguisher with a numerical rating of 2 contains _____ of water. Select one:
A. 2.5 gal (9.5 L)
B. 1.5 gal (5.7 L)
C. 2.0 gal (7.6 L)
D. 1.0 gal (3.8 L)
```
A. 2.5 gal (9.5 L)
261
```
Which is an incorrect use of a pick-head axe?
Select one:
A. Puncturing a door
B. Striking another tool
C. Ventilating a roof
D. Prying up boards
```
B. Striking another tool
262
```
What is the minimum number of fire fighters needed to advance and maneuver a 21⁄2" (65-mm) handline inside a building? Select one:
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 1
```
A. 2
263
In a direct attack, water should be applied until: Select one:
A. all visible flame is extinguished.
B. the smoke level begins to drop.
C. water droplets fall from the ceiling.
D. the fire darkens down.
A. all visible flame is extinguished.
264
```
Breaching of which type of wall is most likely to result in structural collapse?
Select one:
A. Exterior
B. Sleeper
C. Partition
D. Bearing
```
D. Bearing
265
```
Which tool is a short pike pole designed for use in tight spaces?
Select one:
A. K tool
B. Closet hook
C. Plaster hook
D. Clemens hook
```
B. Closet hook
266
Which is an advantage of an automatic-adjusting fog nozzle?
Select one:
A. The flow rate remains constant regardless of the discharge pattern.
B. The rate of flow adjusts to maintain the rated nozzle pressure.
C. The flow from the nozzle remains constant despite variations in pressure.
D. The nozzle reaction remains constant despite variations in pump pressure
B. The rate of flow adjusts to maintain the rated nozzle pressure.
267
```
The NFPA recommends color-coding hydrants to indicate:
Select one:
A. available flow.
B. the water source.
C. the most recent flow test.
D. available pressure.
```
A. available flow.
268
```
What is the term for an urgent message, used by telecommunicator, which takes priority over all other communications?
Select one:
A. Priority message
B. Emergency traffic
C. Code 30
D. Mayday
```
B. Emergency traffic
269
```
Combustion begins when a fuel is heated to its:
Select one:
A. flash point.
B. ignition temperature.
C. fire point.
D. lower flammable limit.
```
B. ignition temperature.
270
What does a rating of 40 on a Class B extinguisher mean? Select one:
A. BTU absorption comparable to 40 gallons (150 L) of water
B. Discharge duration of at least 40 seconds
C. Sufficient extinguishing power for 40 gallons (150 L) of burning fuel
D. Sufficient extinguishing power for 40 ft2 (4.7 m2) of burning fuel
D. Sufficient extinguishing power for 40 ft2 (4.7 m2) of burning fuel
271
```
If a private residence has a single fire extinguisher, where should it be located? Select one:
A. Kitchen
B. Near the bedrooms
C. Laundry area
D. Garage
```
A. Kitchen
272
```
Which test is required to measure the ability of an extinguisher cylinder to withstand steady internal pressure?
Select one:
A. Fatigue
B. Pneumatic
C. Static
D. Hydrostatic
```
D. Hydrostatic
273
How is the length of bolt cutter handles related to the amount of cutting force that can be applied?
Select one:
A. The cutting force varies with the jaw length
B. The shorter the handle, the greater the cutting force
C. The cutting force remains constant regardless of the handle's length
D. The longer the handle, the greater the cutting force
D. The longer the handle, the greater the cutting force
274
```
When there is extra hose at the entry of a building, how should that hose be arranged?
Select one:
A. Similar to an accordion fold
B. A serpentine pattern
C. A straight line
D. Large, loose coils
```
B. A serpentine pattern
275
```
When used to force a door, a Halligan is used in conjunction with a:
Select one:
A. pick-head axe.
B. cutting tool.
C. prying tool.
D. striking tool.
```
D. striking tool.
276
```
As a general guideline, a pumper should supply a sprinkler system at:
Select one:
A. 125 psi (861 kPa).
B. 175 psi (1206 kPa).
C. 150 psi (1034 kPa).
D. 100 psi (689 kPa).
```
C. 150 psi (1034 kPa).
277
```
Which class of fire is depicted in the pictograph system by a flame and gasoline can?
Select one:
A. A
B. B
C. D
D. C
```
B. B
278
```
Which type of saw is most commonly used in vehicle extrication?
Select one:
A. Reciprocating
B. Chain
C. Rotary
D. Circular
```
A. Reciprocating
279
Which is an advantage of a forward lay?
Select one:
A. Can be performed solely by the driver/operator without assistance
B. Places the attack engine and its equipment close to the fire
C. Greater tactical flexibility
D. Greater supply volumes
B. Places the attack engine and its equipment close to the fire
280
```
The traditional symbol for a Class D fire extinguisher is a(n):
Select one:
A. orange circle.
B. yellow star.
C. blue square.
D. green triangle
```
B. yellow star.
281
Which is a correct statement about the flat hose load?
Select one:
A. It is prone to kinks and twists.
B. It reduces the number of sharp bends in the hose.
C. It can be used with any size of hose.
D. It is used primarily for attack hose loads.
C. It can be used with any size of hose.
282
```
Which form of decontamination typically consists of removing contaminated clothing and dousing the victim with large volumes of water?
Select one:
A. Technical
B. Mass
C. Emergency
D. Formal
```
C. Emergency
283
```
What is the term for the physical destruction or decomposition of a clothing material due to chemical exposure, general use, or ambient conditions?
Select one:
A. Deterioration
B. Disintegration
C. Impregnation
D. Degradation
```
D. Degradation
284
```
Exposure of a metal ladder to a minimum temperature of approximately __________ will cause a heat sensor label to change color.
Select one:
A. 300°F (150°C)
B. 212°F (100°C)
C. 250°F (120°C)
D. 150°F (65°C)
```
A. 300°F (150°C)
285
```
Peeling or bubbling paint is an indicator of:
Select one:
A. concealed fire.
B. impending building collapse.
C. use of accelerants.
D. the fire's point of origin.
```
A. concealed fire.
286
```
What is the K tool used for?
Select one:
A. Prying
B. Removing a lock cylinder
C. Breaking the shackle of a padlock
D. Removing laminated glass
```
B. Removing a lock cylinder
287
```
Which tool is best for breaching a floor?
Select one:
A. Reciprocating saw
B. Flat-head axe
C. Rotary saw
D. Air chisel
```
C. Rotary saw
288
```
The generally accepted objective is approximately _____ seconds from the time a call reaches the communication until units are dispatched.
Select one:
A. 60
B. 30
C. 45
D. 90
```
D. 90
289
```
Which class of fire is depicted in the pictograph system by a fire in a frying pan?
Select one:
A. C
B. B
C. D
D. K
```
D. K
290
```
Which hazard category includes automotive service or repair facilities? Select one:
A. Extra
B. Moderate
C. Ordinary
D. Severe
```
A. Extra
291
```
Which is an example of a hose friction point? Select one:
A. Doorway
B. Hose bed cover
C. Appliance
D. Kink
```
A. Doorway
292
```
The use of a fan to blow clean air into a structure and force fire gases out is known as__________ ventilation.
Select one:
A. ejection
B. horizontal
C. mechanical
D. positive-pressure
```
D. positive-pressure
293
```
Which hazard should be of particular concern to fire fighters who are carrying long tools?
Select one:
A. Tight turns in corridors
B. Self-closing doors
C. Windows
D. Overhead wires
```
D. Overhead wires
294
The use of plain language in radio communication is recommended by the NFPA and:
Select one:
A. Federal Communications Commission (FCC).
B. National Incident Management System (NIMS).
C. The US Fire Administration (USFA).
D. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).
B. National Incident Management System (NIMS).
295
```
How should fire fighters approach a vehicle fire?
Select one:
A. Directly from the rear
B. 45-degree angle from the side
C. Directly from the front
D. 90-degree angle from the side
```
B. 45-degree angle from the side
296
```
A shove knife is most often used on: Select one:
A. outward-swinging doors.
B. double-hung windows.
C. casement windows.
D. sliding doors and windows.
```
A. outward-swinging doors.
297
```
Which is one of the three basic components required for fire?
Select one:
A. Carbon
B. A catalyst
C. An ignition source
D. Oxygen
```
D. Oxygen
298
```
There are _____ major steps in processing a report of an emergency incident.
Select one:
A. four
B. three
C. six
D. five
```
D. five
299
```
Where should additional equipment be staged on a high-rise fire?
Select one:
A. On the fire floor
B. On the floor above the fire floor
C. One or two floors below the fire
D. On the ground floor
```
C. One or two floors below the fire
300
```
What is the U-shaped part of a padlock that locks into the padlock body?
Select one:
A. Shackle
B. Bow
C. Tongue
D. Latch
```
A. Shackle
301
```
When approaching a fire with an extinguisher in hand, you should always have a(n):
Select one:
A. portable radio.
B. backup unit.
C. light source.
D. exit route.
```
D. exit route.
302
```
Which tool should always accompany interior firefighting teams?
Select one:
A. Adze
B. K tool
C. Hand light
D. Chainsaw
```
C. Hand light
303
```
Which class of fire involves energized electrical equipment? Select one:
A. C
B. D
C. B
D. A
```
A. C
304
```
Preventing the spread of fire is the primary objective of which fire attack?
Select one:
A. Indirect
B. Defensive
C. Direct
D. Offensive
```
B. Defensive
305
```
Studies by NIST and UL have determined that the movement of fire through a structure is dependent primarily on:
Select one:
A. building arrangement.
B. fuel continuity.
C. fire streams.
D. flow path.
```
D. flow path.
306
```
When conducting a transitional attack on an attic fire, streams should be directed through the:
Select one:
A. soffit vents.
B. scuttle hole.
C. ridge vent.
D. ventilation opening.
```
A. soffit vents.
307
What should be done after a self-closing door is forced?
Select one:
A. Allow the mechanism to resume its normal operation
B. Return the door to the closed position
C. Chock the door in the open position
D. Cut the actuation cable
C. Chock the door in the open position
308
```
The _______________ creates a structure through which a department manages its routine and emergency operations? Select one:
A. Chain of command
B. Scalar structure
C. Division of labor
D. Incident command system
```
A. Chain of command
309
Where should a fire fighter stand when breaking windows?
Select one:
A. Leeward side of the window with the hands below the break
B. Windward side of the window with the hands above the break
C. Leeward side of the window with the hands above the break
D. Windward side of the window with the hands below the break
B. Windward side of the window with the hands above the break
310
```
What is the minimum acceptable level of protective equipment when conducting forcible entry during fire suppression operations?
Select one:
A. Helmet, coat, and gloves
B. Helmet and eye protection
C. Full structural firefighting PPE
D. Gloves and eye protection
```
C. Full structural firefighting PPE
311
Which is a characteristic of a fog stream?
Select one:
A. It produces minimal air turbulence.
B. It is ideal for reaching distant targets.
C. It creates water droplets with a large surface area.
D. It produces less runoff than a solid stream.
C. It creates water droplets with a large surface area.
312
Which is the most important objective in processing an emergency call?
Select one:
A. Calm and reassure the caller
B. Provide the caller with real-time, emergency instructions, such as how to perform CPR
C. Get the information needed to dispatch the appropriate units to the correct location
D. Determine the nature and extend of the incident being reported
C. Get the information needed to dispatch the appropriate units to the correct location
313
```
A master stream device that is permanently mounted on an engine and plumbed directly into the pump is a:
Select one:
A. deluge set.
B. monitor.
C. playpipe.
D. deck gun.
```
D. deck gun.
314
What is an effect of a hose stream that consists of droplets with a large surface area?
Select one:
A. The stream resists breakup from the wind.
B. Heat absorption is enhanced.
C. Water in this pattern penetrates fuels better. D. The stream carries over a longer distance.
B. Heat absorption is enhanced.
315
```
What is the lower structural member of a truss called?
Select one:
A. Cantilever
B. Beam
C. Chord
D. Girder
```
C. Chord
316
Which is the purpose of creating a bight in an attack line during interior attack? Select one:
A. Reduce the likelihood of kinks
B. Reduce the number of friction points C. Absorb the nozzle reaction
D. Make surplus hose available if needed
D. Make surplus hose available if needed
317
```
Which type of raise is typically used when the ladder is raised perpendicular to the target surface? Select one:
A. Flat
B. Throw
C. Overhead
D. Beam
```
A. Flat
318
```
Which kind of steel has been specially treated to resist cutting by normal means?
Select one:
A. Ductile
B. Tempered
C. Alloy
D. Case-Hardened
```
D. Case-Hardened
319
```
An elevated master stream device mounted at the tip of an aerial ladder is a:
Select one:
A. ladder pipe.
B. snorkel.
C. rung gun.
D. turret.
```
A. ladder pipe.
320
```
Which type of tool is a pick-head axe?
Select one:
A. Combination
B. Cutting
C. Striking
D. Prying
```
B. Cutting
321
```
Which tool is inserted between a wood door frame and the door on an outward-swinging door to force the latch back and open the door?
Select one:
A. J tool
B. Slim Jim
C. Hack saw blade
D. Shove knife
```
D. Shove knife
322
```
When lowering an unconscious victim down a ladder, what is the position of the victim? Select one:
A. Horizontal, facing the rescuer
B. Upright with back toward the ladder
C. Horizontal, facing the ladder
D. Upright, facing the ladder
```
B. Upright with back toward the ladder
323
```
Which guide should be used for the cleaning and maintenance of tools and equipment?
Select one:
A. It varies with the type of tool
B. The fire agency's SOPs
C. The applicable NFPA standard
D. The manufacturer's instructions
```
D. The manufacturer's instructions
324
What is the quickest way to force entry through a security roll-up door?
Select one:
A. Pry upward from the bottom of the door
B. Cut the door with a power saw
C. Cut the latch bar with a rotary saw
D. Pry the latch bar away from the keeper
B. Cut the door with a power saw
325
When is an indirect attack indicated?
Select one:
A. With an incipient fire
B. The fire has vented prior to arrival of fire crews
C. When exposures are immediately threatened
D. When flashover is likely
D. When flashover is likely
326
Which is an advantage offered by the K tool?
Select one:
A. Can be used to breach masonry
B. No other tools are required to operate it
C. Is useful for both forcible entry and ventilation
D. Produces minimal damage
D. Produces minimal damage
327
```
When placed at the correct angle for climbing, the ratio of the ladder's vertical reach to distance of the butt from the structure is __________ to one.
Select one:
A. three
B. five
C. two
D. four
```
D. four
328
Which extinguishing method is being used when a foam blanket is placed over the surface of a burning liquid?
Select one:
A. Cooling the fuel
B. Cutting off the oxygen supply
C. Diluting the fuel
D. Inhibiting the chemical chain reaction
B. Cutting off the oxygen supply
329
```
Which tool is designed to pull a lock cylinder out of a door?
Select one:
A. Lock cutter
B. Hux bar
C. K tool
D. Rabbit tool
```
C. K tool
330
```
Which term refers to two crews operating hose lines against each other? Select one:
A. Opposing handlines
B. Freelancing
C. Uncoordinated attack
D. Combination attack
```
A. Opposing handlines
331
```
A Class K agent's effect on the fuel is known as: Select one:
A. dissolution.
B. emulsification.
C. saponification.
D. hydrolyzation.
```
C. saponification.
332
```
Which firefighting attack, if successful, will result in the least amount of property damage?
Select one:
A. Transitional
B. Defensive
C. Indirect
D. Offensive
```
D. Offensive
333
```
What is the term for a water-soluble flammable liquid?
Select one:
A. Hypergolic fuel
B. Polar solvent
C. Miscible liquid
D. Solute
```
B. Polar solvent
334
```
Exposure protection during a defensive operation takes __________ priority.
Select one:
A. zero
B. low
C. medium
D. high
```
D. high
335
```
What does the “A” stand for in the LUNAR acronym?
Select one:
A. Assess
B. Actions
C. Air
D. Acknowledge
```
C. Air
336
```
Bromochlorodifluoromethane is a _________ agent.
Select one:
A. Class D
B. multipurpose dry chemical
C. wet chemical
D. halon
```
D. halon
337
```
In which type of operation are large handlines and master streams more often used?
Select one:
A. Tactical
B. Defensive
C. Offensive
D. Indirect
```
B. Defensive
338
```
A specialized tool for tightening or loosening hose couplings is the __________ wrench.
Select one:
A. hose
B. spanner
C. ring
D. strap
```
B. spanner
339
```
What is the most common use for a hydraulic spreader?
Select one:
A. Lifting heavy objects
B. Vehicle extrication
C. Vehicle stabilization
D. Shoring
```
B. Vehicle extrication
340
```
Rotating tools are used to assemble parts that are connected by which means? Select one:
A. Threaded fasteners
B. Welds
C. Rivets
D. Nails
```
A. Threaded fasteners
341
```
Which tool is a small hydraulic spreader operated by a hand-powered pump?
Select one:
A. K tool
B. Rabbit tool
C. Power bar
D. Ram bar
```
B. Rabbit tool
342
```
What does the “I” stand for in “RIC”? Select one:
A. Intervention
B. Immediate
C. Intermediate
D. Initial
```
A. Intervention
343
```
Which class of fire is depicted in the pictograph system by a burning trash can next to a wood fire?
Select one:
A. B
B. D
C. A
D. K
```
C. A
344
```
Which circular saw blade is susceptible to damage from gasoline vapors?
Select one:
A. Polycarbonate
B. All blades
C. Masonry
D. Wood
```
C. Masonry
345
```
Which tool is specifically designed to open double doors equipped with panic bars? Select one:
A. J tool
B. Slim Jim
C. Bar fly
D. Key tool
```
A. J tool
346
```
Class D agents work primarily by:
Select one:
A. penetrating the fuel.
B. forming a crust over the fuel.
C. inhibiting the chemical chain reaction.
D. suppressing vapor production.
```
B. forming a crust over the fuel.
347
```
What is the term for the movement of heat and smoke in a structure from an area of higher pressure near the fire to an area of lower pressure?
Select one:
A. Thermal pressure gradient
B. Chimney effect
C. Flow path
D. Exhaust flow
```
C. Flow path
348
What is the correct method to stop the flow of gas delivered via an underground utility network into a structure?
Select one:
A. Turn off the valve at the meter.
B. Pinch the pipe closed using grounded pipe clamps.
C. Delegate the task to the utility company.
D. Close the valve on the cylinder.
A. Turn off the valve at the meter.
349
```
Which tool is classified as a rotating tool? Select one:
A. Screwdriver
B. Pike pole
C. Pry bar
D. Halligan
```
A. Screwdriver
350
```
For an extinguishing agent to be approved for use on energized electrical equipment, it must:
Select one:
A. be non-corrosive.
B. be safe for use in a closed room.
C. leave no residue.
D. not conduct electricity.
```
D. not conduct electricity.
351
```
A duck-billed lock breaker is used to:
Select one:
A. displace a lock cylinder.
B. force casement and double-hung windows.
C. open a padlock.
D. displace automotive door locks.
```
C. open a padlock.
352
```
What is the target of the hose stream in a direct attack?
Select one:
A. The most threatened exposure
B. Exposure surfaces
C. The base of the fire
D. Hot overhead gases
```
C. The base of the fire
353
```
Which class of fire is depicted in the pictograph system by a flame and an electrical plug and socket?
Select one:
A. K
B. C
C. D
D. B
```
B. C
354
Which is the best way to shut off electrical service to a building?
Select one:
A. Cut the service drop
B. Have a power company employee do it
C. Use the main circuit breakers
D. Pull the electrical meter from its socket
C. Use the main circuit breakers
355
Which is an indication of a solid (not veneer) brick wall?
Select one:
A. Bricks are flat-laid
B. Mortar joints are tuck-pointed
C. Every seventh course of bricks is turned sideways
D. Brick are laid in a running bond pattern
C. Every seventh course of bricks is turned sideways
356
How are jalousie windows normally opened and closed?
Select one:
A. Sliding the sash within the frame
B. Turning a small hand-crank
C. Using a remote-operated electric motor
D. Pulling the chain attached to the drum
B. Turning a small hand-crank
357
```
A vehicle fueled by compressed gas is fully involved in fire. What should be used to fight the fire?
Select one:
A. 21⁄2" (65-mm) hose stream
B. 13⁄4" (45-mm) hose stream
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Unmanned master stream
```
D. Unmanned master stream
358
```
Which type of tool is used to apply an impact force directly on another tool or object?
Select one:
A. Swinging
B. Impact
C. Striking
D. Lever
```
C. Striking
359
```
What is the Rabbit tool used for?
Select one:
A. Opening a hydrant
B. Forcing open a locked door
C. Making a temporary repair to a burst hose
D. Anchoring a rope
```
B. Forcing open a locked door
360
```
Which tool can be used to unscrew a lock cylinder?
Select one:
A. Strap wrench
B. Vise grips
C. Chain whip
D. Channel locks
```
B. Vise grips
361
```
What is the approximate floor-to-windowsill height of a residential structure?
Select one:
A. 2.5 feet (0.75 m)
B. 4 feet (1.5 m)
C. 3.5 feet (1.25 m)
D. 3 feet (1 m)
```
D. 3 feet (1 m)
362
What should be done with the excess halyard once an extension ladder is placed and extended?
Select one:
A. Use it to tie off the bed section
B. Wrap it around rungs of the ladder
C. Use it to form an anchor point
D. Let it hang between the ladder and the building
B. Wrap it around rungs of the ladder
363
What is the best way to extinguish a Class C fire?
Select one:
A. Shut off the fuel flow at a valve
B. Use a Class C extinguisher
C. Shut off the power and treat it as a Class A or B fire
D. Withdraw to a safe distance and let the fire burn itself out
C. Shut off the power and treat it as a Class A or B fire
364
```
All portable fire extinguishers use which means for expelling their contents? Select one:
A. Pressure
B. Vacuum
C. Volume
D. Gravity
```
A. Pressure
365
```
Which type of circular saw blade is specially designed to cut through hard surfaces or wood?
Select one:
A. Silicon oxide composite
B. Aluminum oxide composite
C. Diamond
D. Carbide-tipped
```
D. Carbide-tipped
366
```
What is the most commonly used extinguishing agent for Class A fires? Select one:
A. Water
B. Ammonium phosphate
C. Dry chemical
D. Potassium bicarbonate
```
A. Water
367
```
What must be done prior to making forcible entry into a fire building?
Select one:
A. An “all clear” must be declared
B. The fire attack team must be ready
C. Ventilation must be established
D. Utilities must be controlled
```
B. The fire attack team must be ready
368
```
Fire fighters getting close enough to apply extinguishing agent directly on the fire is the objective of which type of operation?
Select one:
A. Transitional
B. Offensive
C. Combination
D. Defensive
```
B. Offensive
369
```
What residue does a CO2 fire extinguisher leave when discharged?
Select one:
A. Iron oxide
B. None
C. Carbon
D. Mineral salt
```
B. None
370
```
Which part of a door lock catches and holds the door frame? Select one:
A. Latching device
B. Mortise
C. Striker
D. Shackle
```
A. Latching device
371
Which special hazard is unique to hybrid vehicles?
Select one:
A. Sulfuric acid
B. High-voltage components C. Compressed gas cylinders D. Slow-drain capacitors
B. High-voltage components
372
```
Which tool is designed specifically to remove a lock cylinder?
Select one:
A. J tool
B. K tool
C. Pry axe
D. Hux bar
```
B. K tool
373
```
If there is no life-safety hazard, which type of fire attack should be used in a building under construction that has no doors or windows?
Select one:
A. Transitional
B. Blitz
C. Defensive
D. Offensive
```
C. Defensive
374
Which action should be avoided when performing horizontal natural ventilation?
Select one:
A. Simultaneous use of multiple openings
B. Opening upwind windows first
C. Use on a windy day
D. Initiating a fire attack prior to ventilation
B. Opening upwind windows first
375
How should fire fighters be released from rehabilitation?
Select one:
A. Personnel should check out in the same order that they checked in
B. Individuals should be released as they complete the rehab process
C. Personnel should be released on an as-needed basis
D. All members of a company should be released together
D. All members of a company should be released together !
376
```
Pressure readings on an SCBA cylinder gauge and remote pressure gauge should not differ by more than _____ %.
Select one:
A. 15
B. 10
C. 20
D. 25
```
B. 10
377
```
Which hazard category includes automotive service or repair facilities? Select one:
A. Extra
B. Moderate
C. Ordinary
D. Severe
```
A. Extra
378
When does the rest phase begin during the rehabilitation process?
Select one:
A. After body temperature has been restored
B. Upon arrival at the rehabilitation center
C. After the initial medical evaluation
D. After rehydration and calorie replacement
B. Upon arrival at the rehabilitation center
379
```
What is the term for an open space within a wall where wires and pipes run? Select one:
A. Chase
B. Channel
C. Soffit
D. Bay
```
A. Chase
380
```
Which is formed by making a loop in a rope and then bringing the two ends of the rope parallel to each other?
Select one:
A. Bend
B. Eye
C. Cinch
D. Round turn
```
D. Round turn
381
What is a standard method for managing the workload for fire fighters working a high-rise fire?
Select one:
A. Hoist, rather than carry, tools and equipment
B. Enforce a 1:1 work time/rehabilitation time rule
C. Assign several companies to do the work normally assigned to one company
D. Do not require PPE for personnel working in smoke-proof stairwells
C. Assign several companies to do the work normally assigned to one company
382
```
When faced with signs of impending flashover, which action should be taken first?
Select one:
A. Vent vertically
B. Vent horizontally
C. Perform direct attack
D. Initiate transitional attack
```
D. Initiate transitional attack
383
```
Which knot is used to join webbing ends together?
Select one:
A. Water
B. Sheet bend
C. Square
D. Figure-eight follow-through
```
A. Water
384
```
Which natural fiber is commonly used to make ropes?
Select one:
A. Wool
B. Manila
C. Horse hair
D. Coir
```
B. Manila
385
```
Which type of ventilation uses openings above the fire so that heat and smoke can escape the structure in an upward direction?
Select one:
A. Mechanical
B. Horizontal
C. Vertical
D. Negative-pressure
```
C. Vertical
386
```
A freestanding wall that extends above the roofline is a __________ wall.
Select one:
A. curtain
B. sleeper
C. pony
D. parapet
```
D. parapet
387
```
Which is formed by making a circle in a rope? Select one:
A. Loop
B. Snub
C. Coil
D. Bight
```
A. Loop
388
```
Which knot is used to keep the hoisting rope aligned with the handle of a tool being hoisted?
Select one:
A. Overhand
B. Directional figure eight
C. Half hitch
D. Half sheepshank
```
C. Half hitch
389
```
When hoisting a ladder, a __________ line should be attached to the bottom of the ladder to help control it as it is hoisted.
Select one:
A. downhaul
B. backstay
C. safety
D. tag
```
D. tag
390
```
Tool failure and possibly injury could result from attempting to cut __________ with ordinary cutting tools.
Select one:
A. braided wire
B. proof coil
C. case-hardened steel
D. masonry
```
C. case-hardened steel
391
```
A NIOSH study found that unprotected lightweight engineered I-joist floor assemblies fail after _____ minutes of fire exposure.
Select one:
A. 12
B. 6
C. 9
D. 15
```
B. 6
392
```
What is the term for the process of reducing and preventing the spread of hazardous materials by persons and equipment?
Select one:
A. Submersion
B. Dispersion
C. Suppression
D. Decontamination
```
D. Decontamination
393
```
Knots that wrap around an object, such as a pike pole, are:
Select one:
A. loops.
B. hitches.
C. bends.
D. bights.
```
B. hitches.
394
```
Which is indicated by slow-moving smoke?
Select one:
A. Fuel-controlled fire
B. Ordinary combustibles
C. Ventilation-controlled fire
D. Cooler smoke
```
D. Cooler smoke
395
```
When lives can be saved, how much risk is justified in trying to save them? Select one:
A. High
B. Moderate
C. Minimal
D. Unlimited
```
A. High
396
```
To qualify as a light hazard for the purpose of extinguisher selection and placement, the majority of materials in the area must:
Select one:
A. have a flash point exceeding 150°F.
B. be low combustibility.
C. be fire resistive.
D. be Class A or C combustibles.
```
B. be low combustibility.
397
What is the best way to extinguish a Class C fire? Select one:
A. Shut off the power and treat it as a Class A or B fire B. Shut off the fuel flow at a valve
C. Use a Class C extinguisher
D. Withdraw to a safe distance and let the fire burn itself out
A. Shut off the power and treat it as a Class A or B fire
398
```
What is the term for a water-soluble flammable liquid?
Select one:
A. Hypergolic fuel
B. Solute
C. Polar solvent
D. Miscible liquid
```
C. Polar solvent
399
```
In the time it takes to consume two SCBA air cylinders, enough body fluid can be lost to result in: Select one:
A. heat stroke.
B. impaired temperature regulation.
C. syncope.
D. heat exhaustion.
```
B. impaired temperature regulation.
400
```
What distinguishes Level B from Level C protection?
Select one:
A. Splash protection
B. Flame resistance
C. Respiratory protection
D. Vapor protection
```
C. Respiratory protection
401
```
When making louver cuts, what is used as a fulcrum to make the louvered openings?
Select one:
A. Decking
B. Purlin
C. Ridge pole
D. Roof support
```
D. Roof support
402
```
According to the NFPA, what is the minimum distance between the center of a fire hydrant outlet and the finished grade of the ground around the hydrant?
Select one:
A. 24" (60 cm)
B. 18" (45 cm)
C. 30" (75 cm)
D. 12" (30 cm)
```
B. 18" (45 cm)
403
```
What is the approximate floor-to-windowsill height of a residential structure?
Select one:
A. 4 feet (1.5 m)
B. 3.5 feet (1.25 m)
C. 2.5 feet (0.75 m)
D. 3 feet (1 m)
```
D. 3 feet (1 m)
404
```
What is the term for the weather-resistant surface of a roof?
Select one:
A. Decking
B. Covering
C. Skin
D. Tar paper
```
B. Covering
405
```
Which part of a rope is used for hoisting?
Select one:
A. Free end
B. Standing part
C. Running end
D. Working end
```
C. Running end
406
```
A rope carried by a fire fighter only for self-rescue from an extreme situation is called a(n) __________ rope. Select one:
A. escape
B. self-rescue
C. bail-out
D. personal emergency
```
A. escape
407
```
Which knot is typically used to tie together two ropes of unequal size?
Select one:
A. Becket bend
B. Half hitch
C. Bowline
D. Square
```
A. Becket bend
408
```
Which knot would typically be used to attach a rope to a tree or pole?
Select one:
A. Square knot
B. Clove hitch
C. Bowline on a bight
D. Figure eight on a bight
```
B. Clove hitch
409
```
According to recent UL and NIST fire research, which is a likely outcome of improperly performed ventilation at a ventilation- controlled fire?
Select one:
A. Reduced visibility
B. Rapid fire growth
C. Vent-point ignition
D. Stratification of smoke
```
B. Rapid fire growth
410
```
Which form of ventilation is best for potential backdraft conditions? Select one:
A. Vertical
B. Positive-pressure
C. Negative-pressure
D. Horizontal
```
A. Vertical
411
Which statement about operating an attack line from a ground ladder is correct?
Select one:
A. The ladder should be tied off to the building.
B. The hose must be secured to the ladder.
C. This is a risky operation that should be avoided whenever possible.
D. Two parallel ladders are required for this operation.
B. The hose must be secured to the ladder.
412
What is the minimum measurement for a ventilation-opening cut in a roof?
Select one:
A. 6 ft by 6 ft (1.8 m by 1.8 m)
B. 4 ft by 4 ft (1.2 m by 1.2 m) C. 5 ft by 5 ft (1.5 m by 1.5 m)
D. 6 ft by 8 ft (1.8 m by 2.4 m)
B. 4 ft by 4 ft (1.2 m by 1.2 m)
413
In which situation is shelter-in-place the best option?
Select one:
A. The exposed population consists of patients in a healthcare facility.
B. The majority of the exposed population is outdoors.
C. The population will be exposed to a slow-spreading toxic plume.
D. A toxic release is probable but has not yet occurred.
A. The exposed population consists of patients in a healthcare facility.
414
```
Once a fire fighter loses an initial 2 quarts of water of internal fluid, how long will rehydration take? Select one:
A. 1 to 2 hours
B. 15 to 30 minutes
C. 5 to 15 minutes
D. 30 to 60 minutes
```
A. 1 to 2 hours
415
Which problem can be caused by using doorways as ventilation openings?
Select one:
A. This technique tends to produce churning.
B. The large opening can admit too much air.
C. It compromises personnel entry and exit.
D. It is more difficult to control the ventilation process
C. It compromises personnel entry and exit.
416
```
For the purpose of extinguisher selection and placement, a woodworking shop is a(n) __________ hazard environment.
Select one:
A. ordinary
B. moderate
C. light
D. extra
```
D. extra
417
```
Telecommunicators need to know the location of the emergency and __________ to initiate a dispatch.
Select one:
A. callback number
B. severity of the situation
C. nature of the situation
D. reporting party identity
```
C. nature of the situation
418
```
Smoke exposure causes __________ health effects.
Select one:
A. no
B. chronic
C. acute
D. acute and chronic
```
D. acute and chronic
419
```
What is the term for a radio signal that alerts personnel to pull back to a safe location?
Select one:
A. Mayday
B. Emergency traffic
C. Evacuation signal
D. Withdrawal order
```
C. Evacuation signal
420
```
What is the term for acting without a superior's orders or outside of department SOPs?
Select one:
A. Initiative
B. Decentralized authority
C. Independent action
D. Freelancing
```
D. Freelancing
421
```
What is an approved treatment to prevent rusting of unpainted metal tool surfaces?
Select one:
A. A nonflammable rust inhibitor
B. Paint
C. Cosmoline
D. A light film of oil
```
D. A light film of oil
422
```
Generally speaking, a 13⁄4" (44-mm) attack hose can flow:
Select one:
A. 100 to 160 gpm (379 to 606 lpm).
B. 120 to 180 gpm (454 to 681 lpm).
C. 75 to 150 gpm (284 to 566 lpm).
D. 60 to 125 gpm (227 to 473 lpm).
```
B. 120 to 180 gpm (454 to 681 lpm).
423
```
According to the NFPA, rehab should be required after _____ minutes of intense work without SCBA. Select one:
A. 30
B. 20
C. 60
D. 40
```
D. 40
424
```
Which type of glass is normally used in automobile side and rear windows? Select one:
A. Tempered
B. Annealed
C. Laminated
D. Polycarbonate
```
A. Tempered
425
```
Training and performance qualifications for firefighters are specified in which NFPA standard? Select one:
A. 1500
B. 1021
C. 472
D. 1001
```
D. 1001
426
```
From a doorway, a crew directs a hose stream at the ceiling of a burning room. This is a(n) __________ attack.
Select one:
A. direct
B. combination
C. indirect
D. flanking
```
C. indirect
427
Which is a form of active cooling? Select one:
A. Application of wet, cool towels
B. Rest in a shady area
C. Removal of PPE
D. Rest in an air-conditioned environment
A. Application of wet, cool towels
428
```
What is the greatest risk to fire fighters performing vertical ventilation?
Select one:
A. Exposure to products of combustion
B. Falling off the roof or ladder
C. Sudden increase in fire intensity
D. Roof collapse
```
D. Roof collapse
429
```
A short fold in a supply hose load that prevents a coupling from flipping around when the hose is being laid out is a:
Select one:
A. reverse.
B. tuck.
C. Dutchman.
D. bowtie.
```
C. Dutchman.
430
```
Which effect is caused by temperature differences inside and outside a building?
Select one:
A. Stratification
B. Stack effect
C. Mushrooming
D. Inversion
```
B. Stack effect
431
Which is a common use for a wooden wedge during overhaul?
Select one:
A. Pulling a meter
B. Stopping the flow of water from a sprinkler head
C. Shoring unstable objects
D. Plugging a gas leak
B. Stopping the flow of water from a sprinkler head
432
In ordinary construction, exterior walls are made of __________ materials. Select one:
A. noncombustible or limited-combustible
B. any standard load-bearing
C. fire-resistive
D. non-rated
A. noncombustible or limited-combustible
433
```
Which type of life safety rope, as defined by the NFPA, is predominantly used by the fire service? Select one:
A. Technical use
B. Severe duty
C. General use
D. Extreme duty
```
C. General use
434
```
What is the target of the hose stream in a direct attack?
Select one:
A. Exposure surfaces
B. The most threatened exposure
C. The base of the fire
D. Hot overhead gases
```
C. The base of the fire
435
What is the most reliable way to stay well hydrated? Select one:
A. Drink early and often
B. Drink when you are thirsty
C. Use urine color as an indicator of hydration
D. Drink as much as you can during work periods
A. Drink early and often
436
During short-duration incidents, which type of nourishment is ideal for fire fighters to sustain peak performance levels?
Select one:
A. Plain water only
B. Caffeinated soda
C. Low-sugar, high-protein sports bars
D. Equal portions of protein, carbohydrate, and fat
C. Low-sugar, high-protein sports bars
437
```
Which of the following is one potential means for dispersing a chemical agent over a wide area?
Select one:
A. Railway tank car
B. Steam radiator
C. Crop-dusting aircraft
D. 55-gallon drum
```
C. Crop-dusting aircraft
438
```
Which is the most common type of fixed lock in use today? Select one:
A. Cylindrical
B. Spring bolt
C. Rim
D. Mortise
```
A. Cylindrical
439
Which is an advantage of an automatic-adjusting fog nozzle?
Select one:
A. The flow rate remains constant regardless of the discharge pattern.
B. The rate of flow adjusts to maintain the rated nozzle pressure.
C. The flow from the nozzle remains constant despite variations in pressure.
D. The nozzle reaction remains constant despite variations in pump pressure
B. The rate of flow adjusts to maintain the rated nozzle pressure.
440
```
Recirculation is associated with which form of ventilation? Select one:
A. Negative-pressure
B. Positive-pressure
C. Vertical
D. Horizontal
```
A. Negative-pressure
441
The DOT defines a hazardous material as one that poses an unreasonable risk when:
Select one:
A. it is exposed to common environmental conditions.
B. it is being transported.
C. it is not properly contained or stored.
D. it is used in a reasonable, controlled manner.
C. it is not properly contained or stored.
442
```
Studies by NIST and UL have determined that the movement of fire through a structure is dependent primarily on:
Select one:
A. fire streams.
B. flow path.
C. fuel continuity.
D. building arrangement.
```
B. flow path.
443
Which is correct procedure when cutting a ventilation opening in a roof?
Select one:
A. Return the saw to idle before withdrawing it from a cut.
B. Sound the roof to locate structural supports.
C. Use preexisting openings only when there is no alternative.
D. Several small holes distributed over the fire area are better than one large hole.
B. Sound the roof to locate structural supports.
444
```
What is formed by reversing the direction of a rope to form a “U” bend with two parallel ends?
Select one:
A. Bend
B. Loop
C. Bight
D. Round turn
```
C. Bight
445
```
Which term means the spread of fire from one floor to another via exterior windows?
Select one:
A. Crowning
B. Vertical fire extension
C. Stack effect
D. Laddering
```
B. Vertical fire extension
446
What is a characteristic of bowstring trusses?
Select one:
A. Commonly used in lightweight residential construction
B. Lack of a cockloft or attic space
C. Commonly used in fire-resistive construction
D. Prone to sudden collapse in fire conditions
D. Prone to sudden collapse in fire conditions
447
The following is a list of actions that might be taken on a hazardous materials incident. Which action is appropriate for operations level responders, but not for awareness level responders?
Select one:
A. Use the Emergency Response Guide to identify the material.
B. Avoid contact with the material.
C. Take steps to contain the release.
D. Eliminate ignition sources
C. Take steps to contain the release.
448
```
Which type of ventilation relies on doors and windows on the same level as the fire?
Select one:
A. Natural
B. Positive-pressure
C. Horizontal
D. Passive
```
C. Horizontal
449
```
What is the term for a catastrophic failure of a pressurized cylinder of liquid?
Select one:
A. BEDEL
B. PLUME
C. BLEVE
D. CLOPE
```
C. BLEVE
450
```
What is the most serious consequence of untreated dehydration? Select one:
A. Death
B. Heat stroke
C. Syncope
D. Heat exhaustion
```
A. Death
451
From which end of the rope can a clove hitch accept tension without coming untied?
Select one:
A. Neither end
B. Either end
C. The working end only D. The running end only
B. Either end
452
```
Which is a form of passive cooling?
Select one:
A. Application of wet towels
B. Use of misting fans
C. Immersion in cool water
D. Rest in an air-conditioned environment
```
D. Rest in an air-conditioned environment
453
```
In which method of foam application is a bank of foam formed on the ground in front of the flammable liquid pool and pushed over the pool by the continued application of foam?
Select one:
A. Rain-down method
B. Roll-in method
C. Bounce-off method
D. Subsurface injection method
```
B. Roll-in method
454
```
Which rope construction type consists of a braided outer sheath surrounding a load-bearing core?
Select one:
A. Laid
B. Kernmantle
C. Braid-on-strand
D. Braid-on-braid
```
B. Kernmantle
455
```
Which is a common synthetic fiber used for life safety ropes?
Select one:
A. Polyester
B. Monoester
C. Polypropylene
D. Rayon
```
A. Polyester
456
```
Which is the preferred method to cut a ventilation hole in a metal roof? Select one:
A. Trench
B. Peak
C. Triangular
D. Louvered
```
C. Triangular
457
Which function should occur in the warm zone?
Select one:
A. Staging area
B. Decontamination corridor C. Triage area
D. Command post
B. Decontamination corridor
458
```
Which form of decontamination typically consists of removing contaminated clothing and dousing the victim with large volumes of water?
Select one:
A. Formal
B. Mass
C. Emergency
D. Technical
```
C. Emergency
459
Who plans ahead to make sure there is a fresh or rested crew ready to rotate with a crew that needs rehabilitation?
Select one:
A. The staging officer
B. The incident commander C. The company officer
D. The logistics section chief
B. The incident commander
460
```
Which type of stream is most likely to disrupt thermal balance?
Select one:
A. Straight
B. Solid
C. Broken
D. Fog
```
D. Fog
461
```
Which tool is commonly used in interior search and rescue?
Select one:
A. Multi-gas detector
B. Cribbing/shoring
C. Thermal imaging device
D. Acoustic detection device
```
C. Thermal imaging device
462
```
Which is the term for the part of a rope used to form a knot?
Select one:
A. Bight
B. Working end
C. Running end
D. Standing part
```
B. Working end
463
```
Which is the preferred type for rope for life safety?
Select one:
A. Plaited
B. Kernmantle
C. Twisted
D. Braided
```
B. Kernmantle
464
```
The term for a rope that is suddenly put under unusual tension is __________ loading.
Select one:
A. drop
B. impact
C. shock
D. tensile
```
C. shock
465
```
Which item is used to protect a rope when it must be dragged over a sharp or abrasive surface?
Select one:
A. Sheath
B. Pulley
C. Bolster
D. Edge protector
```
D. Edge protector
466
```
Which occurs when the introduction of oxygen into an oxygen-starved mixture of superheated gases results in explosive ignition?
Select one:
A. Mushrooming
B. Flashover
C. Rollover
D. Backdraft
```
D. Backdraft
467
```
What is the most common source of carbon monoxide?
Select one:
A. Open drains and sewers
B. Smoke production
C. Decomposition of organic materials
D. Hydrocarbon vapors
```
B. Smoke production
468
```
Organizing an incident by breaking down the overall strategy into a series of smaller tasks is an example of: Select one:
A. division of labor.
B. unity of command.
C. discipline.
D. span of control.
```
A. division of labor.
469
What are gusset plates?
Select one:
A. Structural sheathing designed to resist shear forces
B. Connecting plates made of a thin sheet of steel
C. Long strips of metal that are sandwiched by wood beam members
D. The vertical members of a truss assembly
B. Connecting plates made of a thin sheet of steel
470
```
Which of the following is one of the initial actions responders should take at a hazardous materials incident?
Select one:
A. Initiate
B. Isolate
C. Indicate
D. Investigate
```
B. Isolate
471
What is the correct method to stop the flow of gas delivered via an underground utility network into a structure?
Select one:
A. Close the valve on the cylinder.
B. Delegate the task to the utility company.
C. Pinch the pipe closed using grounded pipe clamps.
D. Turn off the valve at the meter.
D. Turn off the valve at the meter.
472
Before raising an extension ladder, you should check to make sure the:
Select one:
A. dogs are locked.
B. foot is heeled.
C. halyard is secure.
D. area is clear of overhead obstructions.
D. area is clear of overhead obstructions.
473
```
The minimum breaking strength of general use life safety rope is approximately: Select one:
A. 5000 lbf (20 kN).
B. 11000 lbf (50 kN).
C. 9000 lbf (40 kN).
D. 7000 lbf (30 kN).
```
C. 9000 lbf (40 kN).
474
```
An oxygen-deficient atmosphere contains less than _____ percent oxygen. Select one:
A. 21
B. 18
C. 19.5
D. 17.5
```
C. 19.5
475
```
What is the term for preparing a knot by tightening it and removing twists, kinks, and slack from the rope?
Select one:
A. Squaring
B. Following
C. Finishing
D. Dressing
```
D. Dressing
476
```
Most smooth-bore nozzles are designed to operate at which pressure?
Select one:
A. 50 psi (345 kPa)
B. 100 psi (690 kPa)
C. 75 psi (517 kPa)
D. 125 psi (862 kPa)
```
A. 50 psi (345 kPa)
477
Under what circumstances are alpha particles the most harmful to the human body? Select one:
A. When they are ingested or inhaled
B. When the skin is wet
C. When the emanating source is wet
D. When the victim has no shielding other than clothing
A. When they are ingested or inhaled
478
When is the use of utility rope appropriate? Select one:
A. When the rope will not be supporting people
B. For static loads only
C. In situations where the rope will likely be damaged D. When the total load is less than 750 lb (340 kg)
A. When the rope will not be supporting people
479
```
Rehab should take place in a climate-controlled location if the outside temperature is __________ or lower.
Select one:
A. 56F (13C)
B. 64F (18C)
C. 68F (20C)
D. 60F (15C)
```
C. 68F (20C)
480
```
Which process occurs when room temperature reaches the ignition point of the exposed combustibles within it?
Select one:
A. Mushrooming
B. Lapping
C. Flashover
D. Backdraft
```
C. Flashover
481
```
A figure eight on a bight is used to:
Select one:
A. join two ropes together.
B. create a secure loop at the working end.
C. attach a rope to an eye or ring.
D. wrap a loop around an object.
```
B. create a secure loop at the working end.
482
```
For personnel performing search and rescue operations, which item is especially important to maintain control of the flow path? Select one:
A. Coordination with the attack team
B. Use of a tag line
C. Door control
D. Nozzle stream selection
```
C. Door control
483
```
When conducting a transitional attack on an attic fire, streams should be directed through the:
Select one:
A. scuttle hole.
B. soffit vents.
C. ridge vent.
D. ventilation opening.
```
B. soffit vents.
484
Which is the best way to shut off electrical service to a building?
Select one:
A. Have a power company employee do it
B. Cut the service drop
C. Use the main circuit breakers
D. Pull the electrical meter from its socket
C. Use the main circuit breakers
485
```
Packing radioactive material around an explosive device creates what is known as a ________ bomb.
Select one:
A. truck
B. dirty
C. rad
D. neutron
```
B. dirty
486
Which is the goal of salvage operations at a residential fire?
Select one:
A. Removal of salvageable contents from the structure
B. Finding and extinguishing hidden fire
C. Protection of personal property
D. Determination of cause
C. Protection of personal property
487
```
What is a common sign or symptom of low blood sugar?
Select one:
A. Muscle cramps
B. Excessive thirst
C. Nausea and vomiting
D. Feeling weak and shaky
```
D. Feeling weak and shaky
488
```
Which is the NFPA color code for a hydrant flowing 1000 to 1499 gpm (3785 to 5674 lpm)?
Select one:
A. Yellow
B. Light blue
C. Orange
D. Green
```
D. Green
489
```
Which is term for a combined, offensive, exterior, and interior operation?
Select one:
A. Defensive
B. Indirect
C. Hit-and-run
D. Blitz
```
D. Blitz
490
```
What is the open space between the ceiling of the top floor and the underside of the roof of a building?
Select one:
A. Eave
B. Cockloft
C. Roof chase
D. Mansard
```
B. Cockloft
491
What is the purpose of a personal alert safety system (PASS)?
Select one:
A. Sound an alarm when certain gases are detected
B. Sound an alarm if a fire fighter is motionless for a set period of time
C. Warn fire fighters when their air supply is low
D. Sound an alarm if ambient temperatures exceed a specified level
B. Sound an alarm if a fire fighter is motionless for a set period of time
492
```
Which is a primary factor when determining hazard classification for extinguisher selection and placement? Select one:
A. Amount of combustibles present
B. Permissible occupancy load
C. Presence of a sprinkler system
D. Construction type
```
A. Amount of combustibles present
493
```
What is the process by which toxic substances are brought into the body through the respiratory system?
Select one:
A. Injection
B. Inhalation
C. Absorption
D. Ingestion
```
B. Inhalation
494
What is the preferred method to ventilate a large building?
Select one:
A. Multiple roof openings
B. Existing vertical shafts
C. Individual ventilation of interior compartments
D. Trench cut
C. Individual ventilation of interior compartments
495
```
The USFA recommends establishing a rehabilitation operation when the wind chill factor drops to __________ or lower.
Select one:
A. 15F (–9C)
B. 10F (–12C)
C. 25F (–4C)
D. 20F (–7C)
```
B. 10F (–12C)
496
```
Which is the earliest sign/symptom of dehydration to occur?
Select one:
A. Significantly reduce work capacity
B. Muscle cramps
C. Dark urine
D. Headache
```
C. Dark urine
497
What is correct ladder placement when breaking a window for ventilation?
Select one:
A. Centered on the window, tip just below the sill
B. Centered on the window, tip on the wall just above the window
C. On the most accessible side of the window, tip level with the sill
D. On the upwind side of the window, tip level with the top of the window
D. On the upwind side of the window, tip level with the top of the window
498
```
Which type of saw is most commonly used in vehicle extrication?
Select one:
A. Circular
B. Reciprocating
C. Rotary
D. Chain
```
B. Reciprocating
499
Which is a correct statement about the flat hose load?
Select one:
A. It can be used with any size of hose.
B. It is prone to kinks and twists.
C. It is used primarily for attack hose loads.
D. It reduces the number of sharp bends in the hose.
D. It reduces the number of sharp bends in the hose.
500
```
What is the best item to aid in the extinguishment of smoldering fires in tightly packed combustible materials? Select one:
A. Piercing nozzle
B. Water fog
C. Class A foam
D. Dry chemical
```
C. Class A foam
501
```
Which type of ventilation opening is used to stop fire spread in a long, narrow building? Select one:
A. Peak
B. Louvered
C. Trench
D. Triangular
```
C. Trench
502
```
A fire department is required to have a __________ to track personnel and assignments at an emergency scene.
Select one:
A. resource status report
B. personnel accountability system
C. unit log
D. passport system
```
B. personnel accountability system
503
A safety knot is most typically used to: Select one:
A. secure the loose ends of a rope.
B. connect two ropes together.
C. attach a belay line.
D. prevent a rope from slipping through a pulley or eye.
A. secure the loose ends of a rope.
504
```
A fire fighter can lose up to _____ in an hour of strenuous exertion.
Select one:
A. 1.5 quarts (1.5 liters)
B. 1 quart (1 liter)
C. 2 quarts (2 liters)
D. 0.5 quart (0.5 liter)
```
B. 1 quart (1 liter)
505
Which is an advantage offered by the K tool?
Select one:
A. Is useful for both forcible entry and ventilation
B. Can be used to breach masonry
C. Produces minimal damage
D. No other tools are required to operate it
C. Produces minimal damage
506
```
The body's ability to absorb fluid is limited to approximately __________ per hour.
Select one:
A. 1 gallon (4 L)
B. 1 quart (1 L)
C. 1 pint (0.5 L)
D. 1 ounce (30 mL)
```
B. 1 quart (1 L)
507
```
A PPE ensemble weighs at least:
Select one:
A. 60 lb (27 kg).
B. 25 lb (11 kg).
C. 40 lb (18 kg).
D. 75 lb (34 kg).
```
C. 40 lb (18 kg).
508
Which of the following is an identifying characteristic of a cargo tank truck designed to carry liquids at atmospheric pressure?
Select one:
A. Circumferential rollover protection
B. External ring stiffeners
C. Oval/elliptical cross-sectional tank shape
D. Top-mounted loading control valves
C. Oval/elliptical cross-sectional tank shape
509
```
Class D agents work primarily by:
Select one:
A. suppressing vapor production.
B. penetrating the fuel.
C. forming a crust over the fuel.
D. inhibiting the chemical chain reaction.
```
C. forming a crust over the fuel.
510
Application of water streams into a structure from the outside will have which effect?
Select one:
A. Reduced temperatures in many parts of the structure
B. Pushing the fire into uninvolved parts of the structure
C. Redirecting the flow path
D. Lowering of the smoke layer
A. Reduced temperatures in many parts of the structure
511
```
A Level _____ chemical-protective suit is designed to protect the wearer from gases, vapors, and liquids.
Select one:
A. D
B. C
C. A
D. B
```
C. A
512
What must be done before beginning ventilation?
Select one:
A. The primary search must be complete.
B. The rapid intervention crew must be assigned and ready.
C. An attack crew must be ready to advance the hose line.
D. The main body of the fire must be knocked down.
C. An attack crew must be ready to advance the hose line.
513
```
A ladder is carried at arm's length in a(n) __________ carry.
Select one:
A. arm
B. grab
C. quick
D. suitcase
```
D. suitcase
514
```
A rope with minimal stretch under load is:
Select one:
A. pliant.
B. static.
C. fixed.
D. dynamic.
```
B. static.
515
```
What is the Department of Transportation's hazard class for explosives?
Select one:
A. Class 4
B. Class 3
C. Class 2
D. Class 1
```
D. Class 1
516
```
Which tool is a hand-operated winch?
Select one:
A. Porto-Power
B. Come along
C. Rabbit tool
D. Block-and-tackle
```
B. Come along
517
```
Which knot is frequently used to secure the end of the rope to an anchor point?
Select one:
A. Overhand safety
B. Bowline
C. Square
D. Becket bend
```
B. Bowline
518
Where is water directed during hydraulic ventilation? Select one:
A. Out a window or door
B. Over the roof opening
C. Just over the seat of the fire D. Through the roof opening
A. Out a window or door
519
```
A vehicle fueled by compressed gas is fully involved in fire. What should be used to fight the fire? Select one:
A. Unmanned master stream
B. 21⁄2" (65-mm) hose stream
C. 13⁄4" (45-mm) hose stream
D. Carbon dioxide
```
A. Unmanned master stream
520
```
The use of a fan to blow clean air into a structure and force fire gases out is known as__________ ventilation.
Select one:
A. ejection
B. mechanical
C. positive-pressure
D. horizontal
```
C. positive-pressure
521
Which is the purpose of creating a bight in an attack line during interior attack?
Select one:
A. Reduce the number of friction points
B. Reduce the likelihood of kinks
C. Make surplus hose available if needed
D. Absorb the nozzle reaction
C. Make surplus hose available if needed
522
```
The quantity of wildland fuel available in a specific area is fuel:
Select one:
A. density.
B. continuity.
C. loading.
D. volume.
```
D. volume.
523
Which action should be avoided when performing horizontal natural ventilation? Select one:
A. Opening upwind windows first
B. Use on a windy day
C. Initiating a fire attack prior to ventilation
D. Simultaneous use of multiple openings
A. Opening upwind windows first
524
```
When faced with signs of impending flashover, which action should be taken first?
Select one:
A. Vent vertically
B. Initiate transitional attack
C. Perform direct attack
D. Vent horizontally
```
B. Initiate transitional attack
525
```
Which is a component of the wildland fire triangle?
Select one:
A. Fuel moisture
B. Humidity
C. Wind
D. Heat
```
D. Heat
526
```
What is a commonly used technique for conserving SCBA air?
Select one:
A. Breath counting
B. Pursed-lip breathing
C. Skip breathing
D. Inhale by mouth, exhale by nose
```
C. Skip breathing
527
```
For which application is dynamic rope especially well suited?
Select one:
A. Rescue
B. Static loads
C. Mountain climbing
D. Hoisting
```
C. Mountain climbing
528
When removing the victim from the vehicle, who usually directs the move?
Select one:
A. The company officer
B. The person at the foot of the backboard
C. The most qualified medical provider
D. The person stabilizing the victim's cervical spine
D. The person stabilizing the victim's cervical spine
529
A vehicle air bag will remain energized until the:
Select one:
A. ignition key is removed.
B. battery is disconnected.
C. safety switch is flipped.
D. air bag capacitor is fully discharged.
D. air bag capacitor is fully discharged.
530
```
In areas of the western US where aircraft are used to fight wildland fires, which term is used for automotive water supply apparatus?
Select one:
A. Water truck
B. Tanker
C. Tender
D. Tank truck
```
C. Tender
531
```
What is formed by reversing the direction of a rope to form a “U” bend with two parallel ends?
Select one:
A. Bend
B. Round turn
C. Bight
D. Loop
```
C. Bight
532
A safety zone should be large enough: Select one:
A. to be accessible by rotary-winged aircraft.
B. to accommodate an entire division.
C. that fire shelters are not needed to prevent injury.
D. to fit apparatus as well as personnel.
C. that fire shelters are not needed to prevent injury.
533
```
What is the designation for the posts closest to the front on a car? Select one:
A. A-posts
B. Forward posts
C. 1-posts
D. Bow posts
```
A. A-posts
534
```
Which is one of the three causes of wildland fire ignition?
Select one:
A. Electrical
B. Proximal
C. Natural
D. Mechanical
```
C. Natural
535
```
What is the minimum number of fire fighters required to make up a firefighting team?
Select one:
A. 4
B. 2
C. 1
D. 3
```
B. 2
536
```
Which type of breathing apparatus recycles the user's exhaled air? Select one:
A. Air-purifying respirator
B. Supplied air
C. Powered air
D. Closed circuit
```
D. Closed circuit
537
```
What is the last resort for a fire fighter in danger of being overrun by a wildland fire?
Select one:
A. Take shelter in a vehicle cab
B. Deploy a fire shelter
C. Flee to the safety zone
D. Take shelter in a house
```
B. Deploy a fire shelter
538
```
What is the minimum size of hose line for fire protection at a vehicle accident?
Select one:
A. 1" (25 mm)
B. 11⁄2" (38 mm)
C. Booster
D. 13⁄4" (45 mm)
```
B. 11⁄2" (38 mm)
539
During hazardous materials incidents, OSHA does not permit the incident commander and the __________ positions to be filled by the same person.
Select one:
A. planning section chief
B. safety officer
C. hazardous materials branch director D. operations section chief
B. safety officer
540
```
Which is the most efficient and widely used tool for opening a jammed vehicle door?
Select one:
A. The irons
B. Come along
C. Hydraulic spreader
D. Rabbet tool
```
C. Hydraulic spreader
541
```
In the two-part marking system for indicating which rooms have been searched, which symbol means a search is complete?
Select one:
A. A circle with a diagonal slash
B. An X
C. The letters SC
D. A diagonal slash
```
B. An X
542
What does a rating of 40 on a Class B extinguisher mean?
Select one:
A. Discharge duration of at least 40 seconds
B. Sufficient extinguishing power for 40 ft2 (4.7 m2) of burning fuel
C. Sufficient extinguishing power for 40 gallons (150 L) of burning fuel
D. BTU absorption comparable to 40 gallons (150 L) of water
B. Sufficient extinguishing power for 40 ft2 (4.7 m2) of burning fuel
543
```
What is one of the two primary methods of direct attack on a wildland fire?
Select one:
A. Aerial
B. Frontal
C. Pinch
D. Backfire
```
C. Pinch
544
```
Which is the NFPA color code for a hydrant flowing 1000 to 1499 gpm (3785 to 5674 lpm)?
Select one:
A. Light blue
B. Orange
C. Yellow
D. Green
```
D. Green
545
```
Which fuel classification includes large brush?
Select one:
A. Ground
B. Median
C. Heavy
D. Moderate
```
C. Heavy
546
```
Which type of respirator system has a continuous supply of air from outside the hazard zone?
Select one:
A. Powered air-purifying respirator
B. Supplied-air respirator
C. Open-circuit breathing apparatus
D. Closed-circuit breathing apparatus
```
B. Supplied-air respirator
547
```
Which is a common synthetic fiber used for life safety ropes? Select one:
A. Polyester
B. Monoester
C. Polypropylene
D. Rayon
```
A. Polyester
548
```
To force an inward-opening door, which part of the Halligan bar is inserted between the door and the jamb?
Select one:
A. Adze
B. Blade
C. Pick
D. Fork
```
A. Adze
549
```
What divides the engine compartment of a car from the passenger compartment?
Select one:
A. Partition
B. “A” wall
C. Dashboard
D. Bulkhead
```
D. Bulkhead
550
What is the most likely consequence if the butt of a ladder is placed too close to the side of the building?
Select one:
A. The ladder will have reduced weight capacity
B. The butt will kick out from the wall
C. The ladder will be more prone to tipping sideways
D. The tip will pull away from the wall
D. The tip will pull away from the wall
551
What should be done when a small tear is found in a salvage cover?
Select one:
A. Return the cover to the manufacturer for repair
B. Remove the cover from service
C. Apply duct tape over the tear
D. Repair the tear with a vulcanizing-type patch
C. Apply duct tape over the tear
552
```
Which part of a rope is used for hoisting?
Select one:
A. Free end
B. Standing part
C. Running end
D. Working end
```
C. Running end
553
```
Vapor pressures are usually reported in references at an assumed standard temperature of 20°C. Approximately what temperature is that, in everyday terms?
Select one:
A. Right at the boiling point of water
B. Too hot to touch, but below boiling
C. Just above freezing
D. Room temperature
```
D. Room temperature
554
```
Approximately how much does water weigh?
Select one:
A. 12.2 lb per gallon (5.5 kg)
B. 7.5 lb per gallon (3.4 kg)
C. 8.3 lb per gallon (4 kg)
D. 10.5 lb per gallon (4.8 kg)
```
C. 8.3 lb per gallon (4 kg)
555
Ideally, when should salvage operations begin?
Select one:
A. Concurrently with fire attack
B. After the completion of the cause/origin investigation
C. After the fire is declared under control
D. After the safety officer has tested the atmosphere
A. Concurrently with fire attack
556
```
Which metal is used in building construction primarily as a coating to protect metal parts from rust and corrosion? Select one:
A. Copper
B. Gypsum
C. Manganese
D. Zinc
```
D. Zinc
557
```
Which tool combines an axe with an adze?
Select one:
A. Brush hook
B. Pulaski
C. Council rake
D. McLeod
```
B. Pulaski
558
```
The maximum slope of a low-angle rescue operation is _____ degrees.
Select one:
A. 15
B. 45
C. 60
D. 30
```
B. 45
559
```
Which is a sign that a structure is susceptible to collapse?
Select one:
A. Inverted fire patterns
B. Discolored drywall at floor level
C. Delaminated plywood
D. Doors stuck in shifted frames
```
D. Doors stuck in shifted frames
560
```
Which is the most common technique for gaining access to a vehicle after a collision? Select one:
A. Door displacement
B. Back or side glass removal
C. Roof removal
D. Windshield removal
```
A. Door displacement
561
```
Which type of life safety rope, as defined by the NFPA, is predominantly used by the fire service?
Select one:
A. Severe duty
B. Technical use
C. Extreme duty
D. General use
```
D. General use
562
```
What is a common sign or symptom of high blood glucose?
Select one:
A. Nausea/vomiting
B. Sluggish feeling
C. Syncope
D. Profuse Sweating
```
B. Sluggish feeling
563
```
When approaching a potential confined space incident, what should you assume?
Select one:
A. There is an engulfment hazard
B. An IDLH atmosphere is present
C. There will be subsequent litigation
D. The victim can be rescued
```
B. An IDLH atmosphere is present
564
Which is the correct way to force a single- or double-hung window?
Select one:
A. Pry on the center of the upper sash
B. Pry the lip of the frame outward so the outermost sash can be removed
C. Insert a prying tool near the lock and pull outward and to the side
D. Pry upward on the center of the bottom sash
D. Pry upward on the center of the bottom sash
565
```
As a basic guideline, the distance between fire fighters in a safety zone and the flames should be a minimum of __________ times the flame height.
Select one: ]
A. five
B. three
C. two
D. four
```
D. four
566
```
Which is indicated by slow-moving smoke? Select one:
A. Cooler smoke
B. Ordinary combustibles
C. Ventilation-controlled fire
D. Fuel-controlled fire
```
A. Cooler smoke
567
```
Recirculation is associated with which form of ventilation? Select one:
A. Negative-pressure
B. Positive-pressure
C. Vertical
D. Horizontal
```
A. Negative-pressure
568
Which hazard is of particular concern in a basement fire?
Select one:
A. Exterior attack pushing fire through void spaces
B. Failure of the floor system above the fire
C. Introduction of fresh air into a ventilation-controlled fire
D. The ineffectualness of exterior attack
B. Failure of the floor system above the fire
569
```
After step chocks are placed under the side of the vehicle, rescuers should:
Select one:
A. chock the wheels.
B. set the parking brake.
C. remove the box crib.
D. pull the valve stems from the tires.
```
D. pull the valve stems from the tires.
570
```
What does the C stand for in CBRN? Select one:
A. Containment
B. Criminal
C. Command
D. Chemical
```
D. Chemical
571
```
In which construction type are there direct vertical channels in the exterior walls?
Select one:
A. Heavy timber
B. Balloon frame
C. Unreinforced masonry
D. Lightweight truss
```
B. Balloon frame
572
Which is an advantage of the horseshoe hose load? Select one:
A. It reduces the number of sharp bends in the hose.
B. It is particularly well adapted for use in split hose beds.
C. The length of hose between bends is consistent.
D. It minimizes wear on the hose.
A. It reduces the number of sharp bends in the hose.
573
What is the best way to extinguish a smoldering mattress? Select one:
A. Take it outside and soak it
B. Open the mattress and thoroughly wet the smoldering area
C. Place it flat on the floor and soak it
D. Apply Class A foam to the smoldering area
A. Take it outside and soak it
574
```
The maximum diameter of a fine fuel is:
Select one:
A. 1⁄2" (13 mm).
B. 1⁄4" (6 mm).
C. 3⁄4" (19 mm).
D. 1" (25 mm).
```
B. 1⁄4" (6 mm).
575
```
Rehab should take place in a climate-controlled location if the outside temperature is __________ or lower. Select one:
A. 68oF (20oC)
B. 56oF (13oC)
C. 64oF (18oC)
D. 60oF (15oC)
```
A. 68oF (20oC)
576
```
According to NIOSH, initial rescuers account for approximately _____% of all confined space deaths. Select one:
A. 40
B. 60
C. 50
D. 25
```
B. 60
577
```
Which knot is used to join webbing ends together? Select one:
A. Water
B. Square
C. Figure-eight follow-through
D. Sheet bend
```
A. Water
578
```
What is the term for a radio that transmits and receives on two different frequencies? Select one:
A. Duplex
B. Binary
C. Multiplex
D. Analog
```
A. Duplex
579
```
Which federal agency enforces and publicizes laws and regulations governing transportation of goods?
Select one:
A. OSA
B. DOHA
C. DOT
D. OPA
```
C. DOT
580
Which statement about painting hand tools is correct? Select one:
A. The use of paint on tools can hide defects or damage.
B. Rust-inhibiting paint should be applied to the nonworking surfaces of metal tools.
C. Paint will extend the life of wood handles.
D. Paint will evolve flammable vapors in a fire environment.
A. The use of paint on tools can hide defects or damage.
581
What is the first step you should take when responding to an elevator incident?
Select one:
A. Drift the car to the nearest floor
B. Summon the building engineer or elevator mechanic
C. Cut power to the malfunctioning elevator
D. Determine the exact location of the car
C. Cut power to the malfunctioning elevator
582
```
A threaded stem indicates the valve position on which sprinkler control valve?
Select one:
A. Post indicator
B. Gate
C. Outside stem and yoke
D. Butterfly
```
C. Outside stem and yoke
583
```
Which is the earliest sign/symptom of dehydration to occur?
Select one:
A. Headache
B. Significantly reduce work capacity
C. Muscle cramps
D. Dark urine
```
D. Dark urine
584
What is the preferred method to ventilate a large building?
Select one:
A. Multiple roof openings
B. Trench cut
C. Individual ventilation of interior compartments
D. Existing vertical shafts
C. Individual ventilation of interior compartments
585
In which situation is shelter-in-place the best option?
Select one:
A. A toxic release is probable but has not yet occurred.
B. The population will be exposed to a slow-spreading toxic plume.
C. The majority of the exposed population is outdoors.
D. The exposed population consists of patients in a healthcare facility
D. The exposed population consists of patients in a healthcare facility
586
Which is a valid principle for disentangling a victim from a wrecked automobile?
Select one:
A. Treatment before transport
B. Stabilize the patient before stabilizing the vehicle
C. There are no circumstances that justify taking shortcuts in patient stabilization
D. Remove the vehicle from around the victim, not the victim through the wreckage
D. Remove the vehicle from around the victim, not the victim through the wreckage
587
```
Aerial fuels are at least _____ above the ground.
Select one:
A. 10 ft (3 m)
B. 4 ft (1.2 m)
C. 8 ft (2.5 m)
D. 6 ft (2 m)
```
D. 6 ft (2 m)
588
```
A __________ team conducts a quick evaluation of the area to identify the number of people involved.
Select one:
A. recon
B. rescue
C. survey
D. search
```
A. recon
589
Monitors and meters provide information that: Select one:
A. is solid and reliable.
B. identifies the specific chemical concentration.
C. is subject to interpretation.
D. is an exact science.
C. is subject to interpretation.
590
```
Ideally, which should be used to extinguish a chimney fire?
Select one:
A. Water
B. CO2
C. Dry chemical
D. Class A foam
```
C. Dry chemical
591
How is a sprinkler wedge used to stop flow from an activated sprinkler? Select one:
A. Push two wedges together from opposite sides between the orifice and the deflector
B. Tap a wedge into place between the orifice and the deflector
C. Insert the wedge into the orifice and drive it into place with a striking tool
D. Tap two wedges into place above and below the deflector
A. Push two wedges together from opposite sides between the orifice and the deflector
592
```
The NFPA defines wildland fires as unplanned fires burning in __________ fuel.
Select one:
A. living
B. organic
C. vegetative
D. natural
```
C. vegetative
593
```
Which item is a point of emphasis in awareness-level training for technical rescue incidents?
Select one:
A. Warm zone operations
B. Ongoing scene assessment
C. Recognition of hazards
D. Basic rescue skills
```
C. Recognition of hazards
594
```
The smothering method of extinguishment is most frequently used in which wildland operation?
Select one:
A. Cold trailing
B. Direct attack
C. Indirect attack
D. Overhaul
```
D. Overhaul
595
```
During water rescue operations, a personal flotation device should be worn by anyone within __________ of the water.
Select one:
A. 25 ft (7.5 m)
B. 10 ft (3 m)
C. 15 ft (4.5 m)
D. 20 ft (6 m)
```
B. 10 ft (3 m)
596
```
In an electric-drive vehicle, high-voltage cables are typically colored:
Select one:
A. red.
B. purple.
C. red-and-white candy stripe.
D. orange.
```
D. orange.
597
```
A ladder __________ is used to lower a rescuer into a trench or manhole.
Select one:
A. platform
B. tripod
C. anchor
D. A-frame
```
D. A-frame
598
```
If a wildland or ground cover fire is too dangerous for a direct attack, which type of fire attack should be used?
Select one:
A. Pinch
B. Head
C. Flanking
D. Indirect
```
D. Indirect
599
```
What is a common location for a post indicator valve? Select one:
A. In a utility or mechanical room
B. On an exterior wall
C. Next to the water meter
D. On the main system riser
```
B. On an exterior wall
600
What is the minimum distance to park from downed power lines?
Select one:
A. A distance equal to half the span between utility poles
B. 50 ft (15 m)
C. A distance equal to the span between utility poles
D. 100 ft (30 m)
C. A distance equal to the span between utility poles
601
```
Which tool will be needed to shut off a main sprinkler control valve without the necessary key?
Select one:
A. A pipe wrench
B. A pry bar
C. Bolt cutters
D. Vise-grips
```
C. Bolt cutters
602
```
Where should the hydraulic spreader tips be placed when separating a door from a vehicle on the hinge side?
Select one:
A. Below the top hinge
B. Above the bottom hinge
C. Below the bottom hinge
D. Above the top hinge
```
D. Above the top hinge
603
```
The risk of rekindle exists even if as little as _____ of the original fire is left smoldering.
Select one:
A. 5 percent
B. 15 percent
C. 10 percent
D. 1 percent
```
D. 1 percent
604
```
What is the term for the area that immediately surrounds the hazard?
Select one:
A. Rescue area
B. Warm zone
C. Entry zone
D. Hot zone
```
D. Hot zone
605
```
A figure eight on a bight is used to:
Select one:
A. join two ropes together.
B. create a secure loop at the working end.
C. attach a rope to an eye or ring.
D. wrap a loop around an object.
```
B. create a secure loop at the working end.
606
```
According to the NFPA, rehab should be required after _____ minutes of intense work without SCBA. Select one:
A. 40
B. 30
C. 20
D. 60
```
A. 40
607
Use of a spring-loaded center punch to break tempered automobile glass results in:
Select one:
A. irregular pieces of glass of varying sizes and shapes.
B. many small, uniform-sized pieces of glass. C. a sheet of spidered glass.
D. large, sharp-edged shards of glass.
B. many small, uniform-sized pieces of glass.
608
```
Which item is commonly used to improvise a water chute?
Select one:
A. Hard suction hose
B. Pike poles
C. Attic ladder
D. Water vacuum
```
B. Pike poles
609
```
Which is the safest and most reliable type of wildland fire attack?
Select one:
A. Parallel
B. Pinch
C. Flanking
D. Tandem
```
B. Pinch
610
Which of the following statements about positive-pressure self-contained breathing apparatus is correct?
Select one:
A. They prevent exposure by ingestion as well as by inhalation.
B. They are also known as “rebreathers.”
C. They filter and condition atmospheric air for breathing.
D. They use compressed or liquid oxygen.
A. They prevent exposure by ingestion as well as by inhalation.
611
In general, when should a sprinkler system be shut down? Select one:
A. When the fire is completely extinguished
B. When the fire is under control
C. When overhaul is complete
D. Prior to beginning salvage operations
A. When the fire is completely extinguished
612
When responding to domestic disputes or other scenes involving violence, fire fighters should:
Select one:
A. remove the involved individuals to separate rooms.
B. attempt to mediate the dispute.
C. wait for law enforcement to declare the scene safe.
D. call for a critical incident stress debriefing team.
C. wait for law enforcement to declare the scene safe.
613
When should emergency medical care be started for trapped victims in a technical rescue incident?
Select one:
A. After they are packaged
B. Upon arrival at the medical group
C. As soon as they are safely accessible
D. Upon exiting the hazard zone
C. As soon as they are safely accessible
614
```
Where should the posts be cut when removing the roof of a vehicle?
Select one:
A. At the junction with the roof
B. Between the hinges
C. At the level of the window sill
D. As low as possible
```
D. As low as possible
615
```
In the time it takes to consume two SCBA air cylinders, enough body fluid can be lost to result in:
Select one:
A. syncope.
B. heat exhaustion.
C. heat stroke.
D. impaired temperature regulation.
```
D. impaired temperature regulation.
616
```
The most rapidly moving part of a wildland fire is the:
Select one:
A. apex.
B. foot.
C. head.
D. point.
```
C. head.
617
```
Vehicle air bags may remain energized for as long as _____ minutes after the vehicle battery has been disconnected.
Select one:
A. 5
B. 10
C. 0
D. It varies with the manufacturer
```
D. It varies with the manufacturer
618
```
Which knot is frequently used to secure the end of the rope to an anchor point? Select one:
A. Becket bend
B. Overhand safety
C. Bowline
D. Square
```
C. Bowline
619
```
To break a side window in a vehicle, where should the window be struck?
Select one:
A. The center of the window
B. The most accessible point
C. A lower corner of the window
D. An upper corner of the window
```
C. A lower corner of the window
620
```
Which walls are usually opened first during overhaul?
Select one:
A. Partition walls
B. The least damaged walls
C. The most heavily damaged walls
D. Walls with chases
```
C. The most heavily damaged walls
621
```
Why do compact fuels burn slowly?
Select one:
A. They have less surface area.
B. Air cannot circulate as freely.
C. They retain moisture.
D. They are less continuous.
```
B. Air cannot circulate as freely.
622
```
Which is a correct tool for removing a windshield? Select one:
A. Axe
B. Air chisel
C. Rotary saw
D. Spring-loaded center punch
```
A. Axe
623
```
What distinguishes Level B from Level C protection?
Select one:
A. Flame resistance
B. Respiratory protection
C. Splash protection
D. Vapor protection
```
B. Respiratory protection
624
```
Which of the following is one of the initial actions responders should take at a hazardous materials incident?
Select one:
A. Indicate
B. Investigate
C. Isolate
D. Initiate
```
C. Isolate
625
```
What is used to stabilize the sides of an excavation?
Select one:
A. Sheeting
B. Shoring
C. Bracing
D. Cribbing
```
B. Shoring
626
On a technical rescue incident, the first-arriving __________ establishes command.
Select one:
A. chief officer
B. company officer
C. operations-level rescuer
D. responder with technical rescue training
B. company officer
627
```
What residue does a CO2 fire extinguisher leave when discharged?
Select one:
A. Mineral salt
B. Carbon
C. Iron oxide
D. None
```
D. None
628
```
Which basic management principle says that each fire fighter should answer to only one supervisor?
Select one:
A. Division of labor
B. Unity of command
C. Span of control
D. Organizational accountability
```
B. Unity of command
629
```
Closed-head drums have a permanently attached lid with one or more small openings. What are these small openings called?
Select one:
A. Bungs
B. Ports
C. Bobs
D. Eyes
```
A. Bungs
630
```
Which knot would typically be used to attach a rope to a tree or pole?
Select one:
A. Figure eight on a bight
B. Bowline on a bight C. Clove hitch
D. Square knot
```
C. Clove hitch
631
Which statement about opening a ceiling is correct? Select one:
A. The hook should be pointed away from you.
B. Work while facing the exit door.
C. Start in the least damaged area.
D. Pull the hook toward you.
A. The hook should be pointed away from you.
632
```
Which item is used to protect a rope when it must be dragged over a sharp or abrasive surface?
Select one:
A. Sheath
B. Pulley
C. Edge protector
D. Bolster
```
C. Edge protector
633
```
Which is the NFPA color code for a hydrant flowing less than 500 gpm (1893 lpm)?
Select one:
A. White
B. Red
C. Orange
D. Yellow
```
B. Red
634
At a vehicle accident, what is the point of placing apparatus at an angle to the crash site? Select one:
A. To deflect vehicle traffic away from the crash site
B. To resist movement of the barrier in the event of a collision
C. To present the widest visual profile to oncoming traffic
D. So the apparatus will be pushed off to the side if struck from behind by an oncoming vehicle
D. So the apparatus will be pushed off to the side if struck from behind by an oncoming vehicle
635
What is a common location for a sprinkler system OS&Y valve?
Select one:
A. In a mechanical room
B. In an underground service box
C. On the service side of the water meter
D. Outside next to the post indicator valve
A. In a mechanical room
636
```
Which type of sprinkler head is particularly difficult to shut off? Select one:
A. Recessed
B. Sidewall
C. Deluge
D. Pre-action
```
A. Recessed
637
```
Which is a common cause of secondary collapse at a trench rescue incident?
Select one:
A. Wall shear
B. Shifting of debris
C. Terracing
D. Personnel at the edge of the trench
```
D. Personnel at the edge of the trench
638
```
Which type of respiratory protection is normally used in wildland firefighting?
Select one:
A. APR
B. SCBA
C. PAPR
D. Filter mask
```
D. Filter mask
639
```
A soft sleeve hose is used to connect a pumper to a: Select one:
A. hydrant.
B. master stream device.
C. static water supply.
D. standpipe/FDC.
```
A. hydrant.
640
```
Which is the rate at which heat is transferred from one surface to another?
Select one:
A. Heat flux
B. Thermal gradient
C. Conductive flow
D. Thermal transfer
```
A. Heat flux
641
Which is a disadvantage of fire-resistive construction?
Select one:
A. The lack of built-in fire protection systems
B. Non-fire-resistive structural members
C. Susceptibility to water damage
D. Difficulty in extinguishing the fire
D. Difficulty in extinguishing the fire
642
```
What is usually the main type of fuel present in ground cover fires?
Select one:
A. Coarse
B. Heavy
C. Light
D. Fine
```
D. Fine
643
What is the definition of a confined space?
Select one:
A. A space with only one entry/exit
B. A space occupied primarily by machinery or circuitry
C. An enclosed area not designed for people to occupy
D. A space that under normal circumstances may contain a hazardous atmosphere
C. An enclosed area not designed for people to occupy
644
```
Localized tissue damage resulting from prolonged exposure to cold is called:
Select one:
A. coldsnap.
B. frostbite.
C. frostnip.
D. hypothermia.
```
B. frostbite.
645
Which is the primary consideration while conducting salvage and overhaul?
Select one:
A. Careful use of water
B. Thoroughly clearing the structure of debris
C. Leaving the structure in the best condition possible
D. Preserving evidence of fire cause
D. Preserving evidence of fire cause
646
When applying foam to a pool of burning fuel, it is important to avoid:
Select one:
A. agitating the surface of the liquid.
B. directing the foam onto any surface other than the liquid.
C. using standard fog or smooth-bore nozzles to apply the foam. D. using alcohol-resistant formulations.
A. agitating the surface of the liquid.
647
What should fire fighters trained to the awareness level of technical rescue know about specialized rescue tools?
Select one:
A. Nothing; this is not an awareness-level skill
B. The names and purposes of the tools
C. How to use them
D. How to maintain them
B. The names and purposes of the tools
648
```
In which type of fuel will a fire spread the most rapidly?
Select one:
A. Compacted
B. Brush
C. Slash
D. Fine
```
D. Fine
649
```
Approximately _____ percent of fire fighters in the United States are volunteers.
Select one:
A. 55
B. 34
C. 46
D. 70
```
D. 70
650
```
Which of the following is the primary safety consideration in a building collapse?
Select one:
A. Cause of the collapse
B. Number of victims
C. Building stability
D. Type of collapse
```
C. Building stability
651
If the air bag did not deploy during a vehicle accident, what must be done prior to disentangling a victim?
Select one:
A. Cut the steering column
B. Place a short back board between the victim and the steering wheel
C. Puncture the air bag
D. Disconnect the battery
D. Disconnect the battery
652
```
Which type of hose roll is used to store hose on a storage rack? Select one:
A. Flat
B. Twin
C. Straight
D. Doughnut
```
C. Straight
653
```
A Class _____ harness is a full-body harness for use by rescuers.
Select one:
A. IV
B. I
C. III
D. II
```
C. III
654
If overhaul operations may disturb possible evidence, what should fire fighters do before continuing with their work?
Select one:
A. Take photos or make sketches of the evidence in an undisturbed state
B. Wait for investigators to examine it
C. Tag and bag the evidence
D. Have a law enforcement officer evaluate the situation
B. Wait for investigators to examine it
655
```
What are the vertical support members that hold up the roof on a vehicle?
Select one:
A. Columns
B. Posts
C. Frames
D. Spars
```
B. Posts
656
```
The minimum breaking strength of general use life safety rope is approximately:
Select one:
A. 7000 lbf (30 kN).
B. 5000 lbf (20 kN).
C. 9000 lbf (40 kN).
D. 11000 lbf (50 kN).
```
C. 9000 lbf (40 kN).
657
```
What is the term for soil removed from an excavation?
Select one:
A. Tailings
B. Fines
C. Waste
D. Spoils
```
D. Spoils
658
```
For personnel performing search and rescue operations, which item is especially important to maintain control of the flow path?
Select one:
A. Nozzle stream selection
B. Use of a tag line
C. Coordination with the attack team
D. Door control
```
D. Door control
659
Which extinguishing method is being used when a foam blanket is placed over the surface of a burning liquid?
Select one:
A. Inhibiting the chemical chain reaction
B. Cutting off the oxygen supply
C. Diluting the fuel
D. Cooling the fuel
B. Cutting off the oxygen supply
660
```
Which is the first priority for a victim who is in a hazardous area and in need of medical treatment?
Select one:
A. Complete the primary survey.
B. Remove the patient from the hazard.
C. Package the patient for removal.
D. Begin medical treatment.
```
B. Remove the patient from the hazard.
661
```
In the FAILURE acronym, what does the “L” stand for?
Select one:
A. Loose or sloppy procedure
B. Lack of teamwork or experience
C. Lack of training
D. Limits exceeded
```
B. Lack of teamwork or experience
662
```
What is the most reliable method for determining whether there is hidden fire?
Select one:
A. Thermal imaging
B. Odor/sight of smoke
C. Direct inspection
D. Atmospheric monitoring
```
C. Direct inspection
663
```
A fire fighter can lose up to _____ in an hour of strenuous exertion.
Select one:
A. 0.5 quart (0.5 liter)
B. 1 quart (1 liter)
C. 2 quarts (2 liters)
D. 1.5 quarts (1.5 liters)
```
B. 1 quart (1 liter)
664
```
When shutting down electrical service to a structure, you should:
Select one:
A. remove the breakers.
B. test an outlet.
C. notify the utility company.
D. apply a lockout device.
```
D. apply a lockout device.
665
```
What is the designation for the posts located behind the rear doors of a passenger vehicle? Select one:
A. The C-posts
B. The 3-posts
C. The rear posts
D. The long posts
```
A. The C-posts
666
```
Which condition will most likely cause smoke to stratify in a large building? Select one:
A. Ventilation-controlled fire
B. Sprinkler system activation
C. Winter stack effect
D. Decay-phase fire
```
B. Sprinkler system activation
667
Which is a feature of the triple-layer hose load?
Select one:
A. Works well with multistory buildings
B. Suitable for companies with minimal personnel
C. Minimizes the need to drag hose
D. Simple to load
B. Suitable for companies with minimal personnel
668
What happens if a CAD system detects that an invalid address is being entered?
Select one:
A. It sends a single unit to the nearest valid location
B. It offers a best estimate of the correct location
C. It prompts the telecommunicator to ask the caller for additional information
D. It sends a full first alarm assignment to each possible location
C. It prompts the telecommunicator to ask the caller for additional information
669
Where is the base of a hydraulic ram placed when performing a dash roll? Select one:
A. Base of the B-post
B. In the notch on the doorsill C. Between the B-post hinges D. Base of the A-post
A. Base of the B-post
670
When operating at an MVA, when is it permissible not to wear a high-visibility vest? Select one:
A. While fighting fire
B. When working inside the passenger compartment
C. It is never permissible not to wear the vest at an MVA. D. While operating extrication tools
A. While fighting fire
671
Which of the following methods offers a firefighter the safest way to reduce the possibility of inhalation exposures?
Select one:
A. Use a multi-gas meter to determine if SCBA can be removed.
B. Don't remove SCBA until ‘all clear' is given.
C. Don't remove SCBA at all.
D. Test the atmosphere and determine if the it is safe to remove SCBA.
C. Don't remove SCBA at all.
672
```
Which tool is best for breaching a floor?
Select one:
A. Flat-head axe
B. Rotary saw
C. Air chisel
D. Reciprocating saw
```
B. Rotary saw
673
```
An agent that takes weeks to evaporate is said to be:
Select one:
A. stable.
B. volatile.
C. persistent.
D. hydrogenated.
```
C. persistent.
674
```
Which type of map details changes in elevation?
Select one:
A. Planometric
B. Orthographic
C. Topographic
D. Cartometric
```
C. Topographic
675
```
What does the “I” stand for in the FAILURE acronym?
Select one:
A. Integrity not maintained
B. Improper technique attempted
C. IC not in control
D. Inadequate rescue skills
```
D. Inadequate rescue skills
676
```
Which is the safest and most reliable type of wildland fire attack?
Select one:
A. Tandem
B. Parallel
C. Pinch
D. Flanking
```
C. Pinch
677
```
As a basic guideline, the distance between fire fighters in a safety zone and the flames should be a minimum of __________ times the flame height.
Select one:
A. three
B. four
C. five
D. two
```
B. four
678
```
In most cases, how many sprinkler heads will open before a fire is controlled? Select one:
A. 1-2
B. 3-5
C. 2-4
D. 5-8
```
A. 1-2
679
```
The neutral plane is most directly associated with:
Select one:
A. heat flux.
B. flow path.
C. thermal layering.
D. fuel continuity.
```
C. thermal layering.
680
A vehicle air bag will remain energized until the:
Select one:
A. ignition key is removed.
B. safety switch is flipped.
C. air bag capacitor is fully discharged.
D. battery is disconnected.
C. air bag capacitor is fully discharged.
681
```
Which type of foam is effective on polar solvents?
Select one:
A. Fluoroprotein
B. Class A
C. Aqueous film-forming
D. Alcohol-resistant
```
D. Alcohol-resistant
682
```
What is the most severe hazard associated with propane products?
Select one:
A. Fuel leak
B. Cryogenic injury
C. Asphyxiation
D. BLEVE
```
D. BLEVE
683
```
What is the minimum number of fire fighters required to make up a firefighting team?
Select one:
A. 3
B. 2
C. 1
D. 4
```
B. 2
684
```
Closing the __________ valve is a method of shutting down the flow of water in a sprinkler system.
Select one:
A. alarm
B. main water service
C. post indicator
D. main check
```
C. post indicator
685
The first portable light should be set up:
Select one:
A. as close as possible to the seat of the fire.
B. at the entry point into the structure.
C. on the “C” side of the structure.
D. on the “A” side of the structure.
B. at the entry point into the structure.
686
Where on a high-rise standpipe system is a flow restriction device most likely to be located?
Select one:
A. At the FDC
B. On the lower floors C. At the base of the riser
D. On all outlets
B. On the lower floors
687
```
Which term refers to how a building is used?
Select one:
A. Classification
B. Occupancy
C. Type
D. Group
```
B. Occupancy
688
Which statement about dry chemical agents is correct?
Select one:
A. Dry chemical agents are compatible with all types of foam.
B. Dry chemical agents are not subject to freezing.
C. Dry chemical agents are noncorrosive.
D. All dry chemical agents have a multipurpose rating.
B. Dry chemical agents are not subject to freezing.
689
```
Prevention of nuisance alarms due to pressure variations in a sprinkler system water supply is the function of the:
Select one:
A. wet-pipe valve.
B. pressure compensator.
C. surge chamber.
D. alarm valve.
```
D. alarm valve.
690
```
Which is the term for the middle-size water main in a municipal water distribution system?
Select one:
A. Intermediate main
B. Trunk line
C. Secondary feeder
D. Distributor
```
C. Secondary feeder
691
What is the approximate floor-to-floor height of a commercial structure? Select one:
A. 10–12 ft (3–3.65 m) B. 8–9 ft (2.5–2.75 m)
C. 9–10 ft (2.75–3 m)
D. 12–14 ft (3.65–4.25 m)
A. 10–12 ft (3–3.65 m)
692
Which effect on fire development is a result of modern construction techniques and materials? Select one:
A. Greater frequency of ventilation-limited fires
B. Prolonged growth stage
C. Disrupted thermal layering
D. Tendency for multiple flow paths
A. Greater frequency of ventilation-limited fires
693
What does the acronym CBRN refer to? Select one:
A. Types of terrorist attacks
B. Signs and symptoms of chemical exposure
C. Strategic priorities at a hazardous materials incident
D. Pre-entry checklist items
A. Types of terrorist attacks
694
```
Which position specializes in reviewing plans for fire detection and suppression systems for functionality and code compliance?
Select one:
A. Fire safety educator
B. Fire protection engineer
C. Fire systems specialist
D. Fire prevention officer
```
B. Fire protection engineer
695
```
A straight stream is briefly discharged through a window from the building exterior. This is typical of which type of attack?
Select one:
A. Combination
B. Blitz
C. Defensive
D. Transitional
```
D. Transitional
696
In general, when should a sprinkler system be shut down? Select one:
A. When the fire is completely extinguished
B. When the fire is under control
C. When overhaul is complete
D. Prior to beginning salvage operations
A. When the fire is completely extinguished
697
How do multipurpose dry chemical agents prevent rekindling of Class A fuel?
Select one:
A. By interrupting the chemical chain reaction
B. By forming a crust over the fuel
C. By attracting and holding moisture
D. By penetrating the fuel
B. By forming a crust over the fuel
698
```
What will gasoline or diesel fuel do when water is applied?
Select one:
A. Mix
B. Float to the top
C. Sink to the bottom D. Separate
```
B. Float to the top
699
Fire alarm systems in most high-rise buildings are programmed to alert the occupants located:
Select one:
A. on the alarm floor and floor immediately above the alarm floor.
B. throughout the entire building.
C. on the alarm floor only.
D. on the alarm floor and floors immediately below and above the alarm floor.
D. on the alarm floor and floors immediately below and above the alarm floor.
700
```
Which is a typical location for an early-suppression fast-response head?
Select one:
A. Restaurant
B. Hospital
C. Office complex
D. Warehouse
```
D. Warehouse
701
```
What are step chocks commonly used for?
Select one:
A. Support the sill during a dash roll-up
B. Prevent a vehicle from rolling
C. Create a fulcrum
D. Stabilize a vehicle's suspension
```
D. Stabilize a vehicle's suspension
702
```
Which device activates the building fire alarm when water is flowing in a sprinkler system?
Select one:
A. Water flow alarm device
B. Alarm valve
C. Activator switch
D. Check valve
```
A. Water flow alarm device
703
```
Which is the correct nozzle to use with medium-expansion foam?
Select one:
A. Water-proportioning
B. Adjustable fog
C. Air-aspirating
D. Water-aspirating
```
C. Air-aspirating
704
```
How much risk to fire fighters is acceptable in attempting to save valuable property?
Select one:
A. Limited
B. None
C. Significant
D. Unlimited
```
A. Limited
705
```
An elevated master stream device mounted at the tip of an aerial ladder is a: Select one:
A. ladder pipe.
B. snorkel.
C. rung gun.
D. turret.
```
A. ladder pipe.
706
During annual testing, attack hose is tested at what pressure? Select one:
A. 300 psi (2068 kPa) B. 400 psi (2757 kPa)
C. 200 psi (1379 kPa)
D. 500 psi (3447 kPa)
A. 300 psi (2068 kPa)
707
```
If there is no life-safety hazard, which type of fire attack should be used in a building under construction that has no doors or windows?
Select one:
A. Offensive
B. Blitz
C. Defensive
D. Transitional
```
C. Defensive
708
```
Which NFPA standard deals with protective ensembles for structural and proximity firefighting?
Select one:
A. 1472
B. 1971
C. 1500
D. 1981
```
B. 1971
709
What is a common fire service use for a spring-loaded center punch?
Select one:
A. Gaining purchase on a metal surface
B. Breaking tempered glass
C. Performing through-the-lock forcible entry D. Deflating tires
B. Breaking tempered glass
710
```
Close-range application of water to burning surfaces is the immediate objective of which type of operation?
Select one:
A. Transitional
B. Combination
C. Offensive
D. Defensive
```
C. Offensive
711
```
A long section of protective material used to protect flooring or carpet is a: Select one:
A. floor runner.
B. floor roll.
C. carpet cover.
D. salvage mat.
```
A. floor runner.
712
Why is crew rehabilitation of special concern on TRIs?
Select one:
A. The high stress levels associated with TRis
B. Standard engine company PPE is not well suited to TRIs.
C. Many TRI operations are of extended duration.
D. The physically demanding nature of TRI operations
C. Many TRI operations are of extended duration.
713
```
According to NIOSH, initial rescuers account for approximately _____% of all confined space deaths.
Select one:
A. 50
B. 25
C. 60
D. 40
```
C. 60
714
```
Which type of automatic sprinkler system flows water from all the sprinkler heads within a protected area?
Select one:
A. Dry
B. Deluge
C. Wet
D. Preaction
```
B. Deluge
715
Which statement about downed electrical wires is correct? Select one:
A. Fire fighters should operate under the assumption that all downed utility lines are energized.
B. Fire fighters should use tools with wood or fiberglass handles to manipulate downed lines.
C. A downed power line may be safely pinned down under the tire of the apparatus.
D. Turnout boots and thick rubber gloves will afford you sufficient protection
A. Fire fighters should operate under the assumption that all downed utility lines are energized.
716
How can an ionization smoke detector be identified? Select one:
A. Label stating that it contains carcinogenic material
B. Label stating that it contains radioactive material
C. Lack of air vents
D. Low-profile, pancake shape
B. Label stating that it contains radioactive material
717
```
A two-lane intersection has _____ potential crash points.
Select one:
A. 4
B. 3
C. 2
D. 5
```
D. 5
718
```
Which type of foam is particularly well suited for gasoline spills?
Select one:
A. Alcohol-resistant
B. Fluoroprotein
C. Aqueous film-forming
D. Protein
```
C. Aqueous film-forming
719
```
What is the area between the fingers of a wildland fire? Select one:
A. Pocket
B. Island
C. Peninsula
D. Joint
```
A. Pocket
720
```
Which tool is one of “the irons”?
Select one:
A. Pry bar
B. Mallet
C. Wooden wedge
D. Flat-head axe
```
D. Flat-head axe
721
```
What is the area within a structure where heat, smoke, and air move from areas of higher pressure to lower pressure?
Select one:
A. Interior draft
B. Flow path
C. Neutral plane
D. Thermal gradient
```
B. Flow path
722
```
The end of the hose bed closest to the apparatus cab is the:
Select one:
A. back.
B. bulkhead.
C. front.
D. partition.
```
C. front.
723
The lowest temperature at which a liquid or solid produces enough flammable vapor to burn briefly is its: Select one:
A. flash point.
B. fire point.
C. ignition temperature. D. flammable range.
A. flash point.
724
```
What does the I in O-VEIS stand for?
Select one:
A. Initial
B. Imager
C. Isolate
D. Interior
```
C. Isolate
725
```
Vehicle air bags may remain energized for as long as _____ minutes after the vehicle battery has been disconnected.
Select one:
A. 10
B. 0
C. 5
D. It varies with the manufacturer
```
D. It varies with the manufacturer
726
```
Which fuel is used most readily by the body during high-intensity physical activities?
Select one:
A. Amino acids
B. Saturated fat
C. Starch
D. Carbohydrates
```
D. Carbohydrates
727
Ideally, when should salvage operations begin? Select one:
A. Concurrently with fire attack
B. After the completion of the cause/origin investigation
C. After the safety officer has tested the atmosphere
D. After the fire is declared under control
A. Concurrently with fire attack
728
What is the purpose of an outside stem and yoke valve?
Select one:
A. Prevent backflow from the system to the water supply
B. Control the water supply to the individual system branches
C. Control the water supply to the sprinkler system
D. Drain the sprinkler system
C. Control the water supply to the sprinkler system
729
```
Which one of these devices connects a caller directly to a telecommunicator?
Select one:
A. Central alarm station
B. Local alarm
C. Fire alarm box
D. Call box
```
D. Call box
730
Which statement about hydraulic ventilation is correct?
Select one:
A. The ventilation crew must remain in the path of the exhausting smoke.
B. It is not effective for large volumes of smoke and heat.
C. A medium-diameter line is required.
D. A straight or solid stream is used.
A. The ventilation crew must remain in the path of the exhausting smoke.
731
Which is a disadvantage of fire-resistive construction?
Select one:
A. The lack of built-in fire protection systems
B. Non-fire-resistive structural members
C. Susceptibility to water damage
D. Difficulty in extinguishing the fire
D. Difficulty in extinguishing the fire
732
```
According to the NFPA, a smoke alarm should be replaced after _____ years from the date of manufacture
Select one:
A. 3
B. 5
C. 10
D. 7
```
C. 10
733
```
Overextension of the fly section of an extension ladder is prevented by: Select one:
A. locks.
B. pawls.
C. guides.
D. stops.
```
D. stops.
734
The two-person chair carry is particularly useful:
Select one:
A. in heavy smoke conditions.
B. for obese victims.
C. in narrow corridors.
D. for victims with possible spinal injury.
C. in narrow corridors.
735
```
What can be used to determine the pH of a hazardous material?
Select one:
A. M-8 paper
B. M-9 tape
C. Litmus paper
D. Organic paper
```
C. Litmus paper
736
```
In general, a hazardous material in a __________ state will usually require the largest hot zone.
Select one:
A. liquid
B. particulate
C. solid
D. gas
```
D. gas
737
```
Low-expansion foam has an expansion ratio of less than _____:1.
Select one:
A. 30
B. 40
C. 20
D. 10
```
C. 20
738
```
A __________ team conducts a quick evaluation of the area to identify the number of people involved.
Select one:
A. rescue
B. survey
C. search
D. recon
```
D. recon
739
```
What is the term for soil removed from an excavation?
Select one:
A. Tailings
B. Spoils
C. Fines
D. Waste
```
B. Spoils
740
In general, what is the maximum reach for a 28-ft (8-m) ladder?
Select one:
A. The second-story windows with two rungs inside
B. The third-story roof
C. The second-story window sills only
D. The second-story roof
D. The second-story roof
741
When operating at an MVA, when is it permissible not to wear a high-visibility vest? Select one:
A. While fighting fire
B. While operating extrication tools
C. When working inside the passenger compartment
D. It is never permissible not to wear the vest at an MVA.
A. While fighting fire
742
```
If heated to a temperature of 1000oF (540oC), how far can a 100-foot (30-meter) steel beam elongate?
Select one:
A. 15 inches (38 mm)
B. 12 inches (30 mm)
C. 9 inches (23 mm)
D. 6 inches (15 mm) "
```
C. 9 inches (23 mm)
743
```
Natural fiber ropes are created using which type of construction? Select one:
A. Twisted
B. Braid-on-braid
C. Plaited
D. Kernmantle
```
A. Twisted
744
```
From the exterior, a crew directs a hose stream through the window of a burning room. This is a(n) __________ attack.
Select one:
A. flanking
B. combination
C. indirect
D. direct
```
C. indirect
745
Which is the primary consideration while conducting salvage and overhaul?
Select one:
A. Careful use of water
B. Thoroughly clearing the structure of debris
C. Leaving the structure in the best condition possible
D. Preserving evidence of fire cause
D. Preserving evidence of fire cause
746
```
An endothermic reaction is one that:
Select one:
A. requires a catalyst.
B. releases energy.
C. absorbs heat.
D. occurs in the absence of oxygen.
```
C. absorbs heat.
747
Which situation is indicated when you open a door and the smoke exits through the top half of the door and clean air enters through the bottom half?
Select one:
A. The fire is on the same level as the door.
B. An under-ventilated fire.
C. Imminent rollover.
D. Nonsurvivable conditions for occupants.
A. The fire is on the same level as the door.
748
```
What is the lowest temperature at which a fuel-air mixture will ignite in the presence of air and continue to burn?
Select one:
A. Specific heat
B. Flash point
C. Ignition temperature
D. Fire point
```
C. Ignition temperature
749
```
Flashover is a rapid transition into the ___________ stage of fire development.
Select one:
A. incipient
B. fully developed
C. decay
D. growth
```
B. fully developed
750
```
Adding foam concentrate to a fire apparatus tank is called __________ mixing. Select one:
A. batch
B. bulk
C. pre-
D. tank
```
A. batch
751
Which is a common dry chemical extinguishing agent? Select one:
A. Carbon tetrachloride B. Potassium hydrate
C. Calcium bicarbonate D. Potassium chloride
D. Potassium chloride
752
```
Which is a common use of a crowbar in overhaul operations?
Select one:
A. Separation of debris
B. Removal of window and door casings
C. Removal of roofing material
D. Opening walls and ceilings
```
B. Removal of window and door casings
753
```
Which type of sprinkler head uses a metal alloy that melts at a specific temperature?
Select one:
A. Frangible bulb
B. Bimetallic
C. Fusible link
D. Filament
```
C. Fusible link
754
```
The sudden introduction of air into an oxygen-depleted, superheated space may result in: Select one:
A. ghosting.
B. improved visibility.
C. black fire.
D. backdraft.
```
D. backdraft.
755
Which statement about masonry materials is correct? Select one:
A. Masonry materials have high thermal conductivity.
B. Masonry materials expand significantly when heated.
C. Masonry materials are fire resistive.
D. Masonry materials are susceptible to pyrolysis.
C. Masonry materials are fire resistive.
756
```
On a wet-barrel hydrant, where is the valve located? Select one:
A. At the base
B. In the bonnet
C. On each outlet
D. In the barrel
```
C. On each outlet
757
```
Which is the rate at which heat is transferred from one surface to another?
Select one:
A. Thermal gradient
B. Heat flux
C. Conductive flow
D. Thermal transfer
```
B. Heat flux
758
```
Which is a component of a BLEVE?
Select one:
A. A “closed box” structure
B. Contact with an energized electrical circuit
C. A flammable gas leak
D. A pressurized flammable liquid vessel
```
D. A pressurized flammable liquid vessel
759
```
Which device mixes foam concentrate in the water stream in the proper percentage?
Select one:
A. Mixer
B. Aerator
C. Aspirator
D. Proportioner
```
D. Proportioner
760
```
The majority of civilian fire injuries occur in which type of occupancy? Select one:
A. Residential
B.Industrial/manufacturing
C. Educational/institutional
D. Retail/office
```
A. Residential
761
What is the function of lockout/tagout systems?
Select one:
A. Enforce accountability for rescuers entering the hazard zone
B. Deny entry to the public and the media
C. Prevent unauthorized activation of machinery or electricity
D. Prevent theft or unauthorized use of apparatus and equipment
C. Prevent unauthorized activation of machinery or electricity
762
Which type of alarm notification system is connected directly to a monitoring site owned and operated by the building's owner?
Select one:
A. Auxiliary system
B. Remote station system C. Central station
D. Proprietary system
D. Proprietary system
763
```
The unburned part of a wildland fire area is the:
Select one:
A. perimeter.
B. clear.
C. green.
D. island.
```
C. green.
764
```
The maximum diameter of a fine fuel is: Select one:
A. 1⁄4" (6 mm).
B. 1⁄2" (13 mm).
C. 1" (25 mm).
D. 3⁄4" (19 mm).
```
A. 1⁄4" (6 mm).
765
```
Which nozzle type has the highest flow rate?
Select one:
A. Handline
B. Smooth bore
C. Master stream
D. Adjustable
```
C. Master stream
766
Which is the objective of the first phase of a transitional fire attack?
Select one:
A. Extinguish all visible flame.
B. Reduce interior temperatures.
C. Make interior fire attack unnecessary. D. Contain the fire to the room of origin.
B. Reduce interior temperatures.
767
In general, what volume does a 21⁄2" (65-mm) handline flow?
Select one:
A. 200 gpm (757 lpm)
B. 250 gpm (946 lpm) C. 300 gpm (1135 lpm) D. 175 gpm (662 lpm)
B. 250 gpm (946 lpm)
768
```
The rapid chemical process in which the combination of a substance with oxygen produces heat and light is:
Select one:
A. pyrolysis.
B. combustion.
C. catalyzation.
D. vaporization.
```
B. combustion.
769
```
Where is the main valve located in a dry-barrel hydrant?
Select one:
A. In the riser
B. At the discharge
C. In the bonnet
D. Below the frost line
```
D. Below the frost line
770
A safety zone should be large enough:
Select one:
A. to fit apparatus as well as personnel.
B. to be accessible by rotary-winged aircraft.
C. that fire shelters are not needed to prevent injury.
D. to accommodate an entire division.
C. that fire shelters are not needed to prevent injury.
771
```
Where must placards be located on highway transport vehicles, railcars, and other forms of transportation carrying hazardous materials?
Select one:
A. Front and back
B. Top
C. Not required
D. All four sides
```
D. All four sides
772
```
Which fire alarm system requires fire fighters to search the entire building to locate the activated initiation device? Select one:
A. Noncoded
B. Zoned coded
C. Zoned noncoded
D. Master-coded
```
A. Noncoded
773
The majority of fires are extinguished by which method?
Select one:
A. Suppressing vapor emission
B. Excluding oxygen
C. Inhibiting the chemical chain reaction
D. Cooling the fuel
D. Cooling the fuel
774
```
What is the minimum acceptable level of protective equipment when conducting forcible entry during fire suppression operations?
Select one:
A. Gloves and eye protection
B. Helmet and eye protection
C. Helmet, coat, and gloves
D. Full structural firefighting PPE
```
D. Full structural firefighting PPE
775
```
Sprinkler heads are classified by their: Select one:
A. release temperature.
B. spray pattern.
C. operating pressure.
D. discharge volume.
```
A. release temperature.
776
After step chocks are placed under the side of the vehicle, rescuers should:
Select one:
A. set the parking brake.
B. pull the valve stems from the tires.
C. chock the wheels.
D. remove the box crib.
B. pull the valve stems from the tires.
777
```
What should any incoming calls without voice from the caller be checked for?
Select one:
A. Instant messaging signal
B. An open carrier
C. Fax or modem initiation signals
D. TDD/TTY/text phone signal
```
D. TDD/TTY/text phone signal
778
```
A combination fire attack begins with:
Select one:
A. ventilation.
B. an indirect attack.
C. an exterior attack.
D. exposure protection.
```
B. an indirect attack.
779
Which situation is indicated if you open a door and the smoke rises and the opening clears out? Select one:
A. The fire is above the level of the door.
B. The fire is extinguished.
C. The fire is ventilation controlled.
D. The fire is in the decay stage.
A. The fire is above the level of the door.
780
```
Which type of hose roll is used to store hose on a storage rack? Select one:
A. Straight
B. Twin
C. Flat
D. Doughnut
```
A. Straight
781
```
What is the name of the standardized audio pattern that must be produced by a modern audible fire alarm? Select one:
A. Temporal-3
B. Standard chime 4
C. ANSI-R9
D. ASA high-low
```
A. Temporal-3
782
```
What is the phenomenon in which smoke hangs low to the ground on a calm, cool, damp day? Select one:
A. Smoke inversion
B. Ground effect
C. Downdrafting
D. Pooling
```
A. Smoke inversion
783
Who should be wearing self-contained breathing apparatus?
Select one:
A. Only the lead fire fighter
B. Exterior fire fighters
C. Only interior fire fighters
D. Anyone who is in contact with the products of combustion
D. Anyone who is in contact with the products of combustion
784
```
Which knot is used to prevent the end of a rope from slipping through the primary knot?
Select one:
A. Clove hitch
B. Safety
C. Bowline
D. Half hitch
```
B. Safety
785
```
Which class of standpipe system is intended for use by both building occupants and fire fighters?
Select one:
A. I
B. IV
C. II
D. III
```
D. III
786
```
What is the term for temperature in a room reaching the point where all exposed surfaces in room ignite?
Select one:
A. Rollover
B. Backdraft
C. Autoignition
D. Flashover
```
D. Flashover
787
Which is the correct way to force a single- or double-hung window?
Select one:
A. Pry the lip of the frame outward so the outermost sash can be removed
B. Pry on the center of the upper sash
C. Pry upward on the center of the bottom sash
D. Insert a prying tool near the lock and pull outward and to the side
C. Pry upward on the center of the bottom sash
788
Which statement most accurately describes a transitional attack?
Select one:
A. Changes to operations made possible by deployment of later-arriving resources.
B. Operations performed while transitioning from defensive to offensive attack.
C. The simultaneous use of both offensive and defensive strategies.
D. An offensive attack initiated from the exterior of the structure.
D. An offensive attack initiated from the exterior of the structure.
789
Which is a feature of the triple-layer hose load?
Select one:
A. Simple to load
B. Minimizes the need to drag hose
C. Works well with multistory buildings
D. Suitable for companies with minimal personnel
D. Suitable for companies with minimal personnel
790
```
A Class _____ harness is a full-body harness for use by rescuers.
Select one:
A. IV
B. III
C. I
D. II
```
B. III
791
```
Which is one of the three primary types of mechanical saw?
Select one:
A. Band
B. Reciprocating
C. Miter
D. Circular
```
B. Reciprocating
792
```
A fire department pumper can supplement a sprinkler system water supply through the:
Select one:
A. Class I standpipe.
B. OS&Y.
C. APV.
D. FDC.
```
D. FDC.
793
```
What does the “A” stand for in “CAD”?
Select one:
A. Auxiliary
B. Automatic
C. Aided
D. Ancillary
```
C. Aided
794
```
Which is the last part of a windshield that should be cut? Select one:
A. The bottom
B. The side
C. The most accessible part
D. The top
```
A. The bottom
795
```
Training and performance qualifications for firefighters are specified in which NFPA standard?
Select one:
A. 1021
B. 1500
C. 472
D. 1001
```
D. 1001
796
```
Turbulent smoke is an indication of impending:
Select one:
A. mushrooming.
B. flashover.
C. self-ventilation.
D. stratification.
```
B. flashover.
797
```
Which hose lay is performed by two engine companies when hose must be laid in two different directions to establish a water supply?
Select one:
A. Combination
B. Relay
C. Reverse
D. Split
```
D. Split
798
Recent studies have identified which hazard related to the use of protective hoods?
Select one:
A. Increased physiological heat load
B. Transfer of carcinogens from the hood to the skin
C. Reduced ability of the wearer to detect ambient thermal hazards
D. Greater frequency of SCBA facepiece seal leaks
B. Transfer of carcinogens from the hood to the skin
799
```
The smothering method of extinguishment is most frequently used in which wildland operation?
Select one:
A. Indirect attack
B. Overhaul
C. Cold trailing
D. Direct attack
```
B. Overhaul
800
```
A soft sleeve hose is used to connect a pumper to a:
Select one:
A. master stream device.
B. standpipe/FDC.
C. hydrant.
D. static water supply.
```
C. hydrant.
801
```
Each U.S. state has the right to adopt and supersede safety and health regulations put forth by federal OSHA. The states that choose that option are:
Select one:
A. compliant states.
B. sub 6 states.
C. state-plan states.
D. OSHA-exempt states.
```
C. state-plan states.
802
```
What is the second stage of fire development?
Select one:
A. Fully developed
B. Rollover
C. Incipient
D. Growth
```
D. Growth
803
```
Master stream devices are most commonly used for which operation?
Select one:
A. Blitz
B. Combination
C. Defensive
D. Offensive
```
C. Defensive
804
```
Which item is installed on propane cylinders to allow excess pressure to escape?
Select one:
A. Frangible plug
B. Purge valve
C. Relief valve
D. Blowout disk
```
C. Relief valve
805
```
Heat rising within a structure is primarily caused by which form of heat transfer?
Select one:
A. Conduction
B. Circulation
C. Convection
D. Radiation
```
C. Convection
806
Which situation is indicated when you open a door and the smoke thins, but the smoke still fills the door? Select one:
A. The fire is below the level of the door.
B. The fire has reached thermal equilibrium.
C. There is a slow-moving, low-intensity fire.
D. The fire has ventilated through another opening.
A. The fire is below the level of the door.
807
```
Which is the flash point of gasoline? Select one:
A. –45oF (–43oC)
B. 32oF (0oC)
C. –15oF (–26oC)
D. 0oF (–18oC)
```
A. –45oF (–43oC)
808
```
What is added to propane to give it a distinct odor?
Select one:
A. Methyl formate
B. Isoamyl acetate
C. Terthiol
D. Ethyl mercaptan
```
D. Ethyl mercaptan
809
```
Which condition will most likely cause smoke to stratify in a large building?
Select one:
A. Winter stack effect
B. Sprinkler system activation
C. Decay-phase fire
D. Ventilation-controlled fire
```
B. Sprinkler system activation
810
```
Which type of smoke detector is activated by visible products of combustion?
Select one:
A. Ionization
B. Ultraviolet
C. Infrared
D. Photoelectric
```
D. Photoelectric
811
In which method of foam application is a bank of foam formed on the ground in front of the flammable liquid pool and pushed over the pool by the continued application of foam?
Select one:
A. Subsurface injection method
B. Rain-down method C. Bounce-off method D. Roll-in method
D. Roll-in method
812
```
What is high-expansion foam usually used for?
Select one:
A. Exposure protection
B. Transportation accidents
C. Unignited fuel spills
D. Flooding of large enclosed areas
```
D. Flooding of large enclosed areas
813
During an O-VEIS operation, where is the officer located?
Select one:
A. At the anchor point
B. In constant physical contact with the first searcher C. The doorway
D. Just outside the window
D. Just outside the window
814
```
Which type of heat detector must be replaced after activation?
Select one:
A. Bimetallic
B. Fixed temperature
C. Spot
D. Flame
```
B. Fixed temperature
815
Why is it necessary to limit the lowest stream angle of a portable monitor?
Select one:
A. To reduce stress on the supply lines
B. To prevent instability of the monitor
C. To minimize flooding around the monitor
D. To ensure the safety of crews and equipment operating nearby
B. To prevent instability of the monitor
816
The low surface tension of Class A foam affects its extinguishing properties by:
Select one:
A. diluting the fuel.
B. raising the vaporization temperature of water.
C. enabling water to penetrate the fuel more deeply.
D. suppressing vapor production.
C. enabling water to penetrate the fuel more deeply.
817
```
Which term means the weight of a building's contents? Select one:
A. Live load
B. Tare weight
C. Dead load
D. Gross building weight
```
A. Live load
818
```
A ladder __________ is used to lower a rescuer into a trench or manhole.
Select one:
A. tripod
B. platform
C. A-frame
D. anchor
```
C. A-frame
819
```
When approaching a burning flammable liquid vessel to operate the valve, which combination of hose streams should be used?
Select one:
A. One 2 1⁄2" (65 mm)
B. One 1 3⁄4" (38 mm)
C. Two 2 1⁄2" (65 mm)
D. Two 1 3⁄4" (45 mm)
```
D. Two 1 3⁄4" (45 mm)
820
What does the C stand for in the acronym SLICE-RS?
Select one:
A. Control the flow path
B. Cool the space from the safest location
C. Confine the fire
D. Coordinated fire attack
B. Cool the space from the safest location
821
```
Where should the hydraulic spreader tips be placed when separating a door from a vehicle on the hinge side?
Select one:
A. Below the top hinge
B. Below the bottom hinge
C. Above the bottom hinge
D. Above the top hinge
```
D. Above the top hinge
