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Wildland Firefighting > Fire Behaviour > Flashcards

Fire Behaviour Flashcards

1
Q

What does the a fire need?

A

Fuel
Oxygen
Heat

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2
Q

What are the 3 methods of heat transfer?

A

Radiation
Convection
Conduction

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3
Q

How do you deploy a fire shelter?

A 
Feet pointed towards the fire
Dug into dirt, never rocks or sand
Behind natural wind breaks
All surrounding fuel sources removed
Grouped together
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4
Q

How long does it take grass to absorb water or dry?

A

1 hour

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5
Q

What are the 6 characteristics of fuel sources?

A
  1. Fuel type
  2. Fuel moisture
  3. Size and shape
  4. Fuel loading
  5. Horizontal continuity
  6. Vertical arrangement
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6
Q

Why does brush and shrubs burn more intensely than grass?

A

Oils in the plant

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7
Q

What are widow makers and snags?

A

Widow makers are standing dead trees and snags are limbs that can fall from them and injure

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8
Q

What is Fuel Load

A

The amount of available combustible fuel in an area.

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9
Q

What are Uniform fuels?

A

Fuels distributed in a continuous network that allows fires to spread faster and further.

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10
Q

What are Patchy fuels?

A

Fuel sources that are spread out or with barriers between them.

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11
Q

What are Ground fuels?

A

All combustible material lying beneath the surface including duff, tree roots, rotting logs, peat and other organic material.

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12
Q

What is Duff and Slash?

A

Duff is dry pine needles, cones and leaves

Slash are sticks and branches laying on the ground

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13
Q

What are Ladder fuels?

A

Any fuels that provide a connection between the surface and upper canopy such as vines.

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14
Q

what are Aerial fuels?

A

All fuel sources located up in the canopy.

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15
Q

What is Time Lag?

A 
The rate at which fuel gains / loses moisture due to:
RH
Size of fuels
Precipitation
Temperature
Wind
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16
Q

What is the Dead fuel time lag in relation to size?

A

0” - 1/4” is 1 hour
1/4” - 1” is 10 hours
1” - 3” is 100 hours
3” - 8” is 1000 hours

17
Q

What are the 4 factors of Weather?

A

Temperature
Wind
RH
Precipitation

18
Q

What are the 3 speeds of a surface fire?

A

Shouldering, creeping and running

19
Q

What does Spotting mean?

A

Embers and sparks carried by the wind or convection starting new “spot fires”

20
Q

What does Crowning mean?

A

Fire advancing from tops to tops of trees or shrubs more or less independent of the surface

21
Q

What is a Flare up?

A

A sudden acceleration of a fire that quickly burns out.

22
Q

What is a Firewhirl?

A

A spinning moving column of ascending air rising within a vortex and carrying aloft smoke, debris and flames.

23
Q

What are the 5 Factors of Topography?

A
  1. Aspect
  2. Slopes
  3. Shape of country
  4. Elevation
  5. Barriers

Wildland Firefighting (3 decks)

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