Fire 1 Flashcards
State Exam Prep
Planned removal of air, smoke, gas; Replaces with cooler air; used during overhaul; and coordinated with fire-suppression is all part of what?
Tactical Ventilation
Overhaul occurs?
After fire has been extinguished
What is used to control the fire?
Ventilation and water
What allows FF to control where hot gases/smoke exhaust from a structure?
Ventilation
What state of decay does a fire enter when the compartment/structure does not ventilate before consuming most of the oxygen
Ventilation-limited decay
Keeping exterior doors closed until a charged line is in place OR performing tactical ventilation is part of are apart of ____ available flow paths
controlling
Where are FF positioned to control the flow path?
Doors/ Along entry path/ Entry door at residential fires
Personnel at residential structure fires can help interior crew do what?
Pull additional hose deeper into structure or shift it around
_____ without _____ leads to flashover
Ventilation without coordination
What amount of added ventilation will cause fire to become fuel-limited or prevent flashover?
No amount
If ventilation appears to be cooling, how long is the period of effectiveness?
Short-lived
Why do gases flow from interior to exterior?
Interior gas becomes less dense
Gases less dense tend to____? Rise or Fall
Rise and move towards low pressure
Primary mode of heat transfer?
Convection
Almost all fires within structures are? Ventilation or Fuel Limited
Ventilation Limited
Water application to fire compartment transitions fire from ____-limited to _____ -limited conditions
Ventilation to Fuel Limited
Tactical ventilation should be ______ until lines are ______.
delayed; charged
Search crews should communicate observations to ____ and ___
IC; Exterior Crews
Two assumptions made about any structure fire:
1. Structure is made of ________ __________
2. Fire in the structure is _______ -limited.
Lightweight construction; ventilation
Building occupants, contents, uninvolved rooms, portions of the building are part of ____ exposures
internal
Routing of smoke becomes necessary when ventilation does not release ___ and ___ directly ___ fire
heat; smoke; above
Radiation and/or direct flame contact can affect ___ exposures
external
Spongy roofs are usually associated with ___ roofs
flat
____ and ______ saws are using for cutting holes through roof decking
Power and chain saws
Pike poles are used for ____ and ____ ceilings
pulling and opening
____ used for breaking windows and chopping holes
Axes
____ _____ used to control flow of fire gases during ventilation
Flexible ducts
Heavy curtains used to cover exterior windows/doors to limit ventilations or prevent wind are called”
WCD (Wind Control Device)
_____ , _____, _____ are varieties of horizontal ventilation
natural, mechanical, hydraulic
Windows and doors located on ______ side of structure should be opened first to create exhaust point
Down-wind
Openings on the upwind side are open to _______; and _______
permit fresh air; force smoke towards exhaust opening
Door control is another form of _______ ventilation
natural
Multiple natural ventilation openings can speed up process of removing smoke, but can result in ____ ______
property damage
_____ pressure means artificially lowering the pressure
negative
______ pressure means raising pressure inside to move smoke towards lower pressure oepnings
positive
____ _____ ______ develops air flow to pull smoke from the structure and draws fresh air into the structure
Negative Pressure Ventilation
_____ ______ fans work best on fire confined to a compartment
Positive pressure
_____ _______ attack means controlling the flow within a structure
Positive Pressure
Two main considerations for PPA are ___ location and ____ to ____ size ratio
fire; exhaust to intake
____ pressure ventilation’s goal is to increase the pressure to a level higher than exterior of the structure
positive
What kind of fires can be intensified with additional airflow?
Smoldering
When using PPV to ventilate a multi-story building, apply ____ pressure at the ____ point
positive; lowest
To perform hydraulic ventilation, set a ____ nozzle on a ___ pattern
fog; wide
The ____ you get from an exhaust opening, the ___ air entrains into the fog pattern
farther; more
The ____ air entrained, the more heated gases get ventilated
more
the ____ the opening, the ____ ventilation will occure
larger; faster
Fog streams directed into ventilation openings can ___ effectiveness of vertical ventilation
reduce
A roof ladder must be firmly secured over ______ before working on it
the roof
Extend ground ladders at least ____ rungs above the edge of the roof
3
Inspection holes help determine______
location of fire
Inspections are used in ___ and ___ ventilation operations
offensive and defensive
what kind of hole should be the width of the saw or axe blade
kerf
what kind of cut determines whether smoke/flame is escaping?
kerf
if fire present in triangle cut, _____ and _____ ventilation
report to IC; suspend
Square/ rectangular openings can be made between ___ or in the middle of the opening
roof trusses
On shingle covered peak roofs, make cut below peak on ____ side
downwind
Which cut is created as a defensible line ahead of fire spread and should have charged hose lines present?
Trench
If basement has ground level windows, ______ ______ can be done effectively
horizontal ventilation
What kind of nozzle can be used to reduce the risks associated with ventilating a windowless basement?
Piercing nozzle
What kind of paths from basements (stairwells/ hoist way shafts) can be used to evacuate heat and smoke without placing other portions of the building in danger?
Natural
As a last resort, an opening can be cut where to allow heat and smoke to be forced through the opening?
In the floor near ground level
Subfloor construction is limited to?
Wood and concrete
The upper floors of multi story residences are usually ____ over wooden joists or _____
wooden subfloors; I-BEAMS
The creation of an upward draft that interferes with evacuation and ventilation is called ?
Stack effect
_____ smoke spread occurs when an exhaust opening does not match fire size
Horizontal
Fire hose is manufactured in sizes and lengths based on specifications in NFPA _____
1961
Which type of fire hose is manufactured in 50-100 foot sections
Attack and supply
Suction hose (intake hose) connects ____ to _____
pumper to hydrant
Large ___ sleeve hose connects pumper to pressurized water source
soft
___ suction hose drafts water from static water supplies/ fire hydrant
Hard
What connects hose sections to form a continuous hose line and connects fire hoses to nozzles
Fire hose couplings
Attack and supply hose may be equipped with ___ or ___ couplings
threaded; non-threaded
Male coupling thread is cut on ____ surface
exterior
Female coupling thread is cut on ___
interior
What is the point of attachment to the hose called?
Shank
What is the flattened angle at the end of the threads on male/female couplings called that prevents cross threading
Higbee cut
What kind of coupling is manufactured with either lugs or handles to aid in tightening and loosening connections?
Threaded
Lugs sit on the _____ of a male coupling and the ____ of a female coupling
shank; swivel
Connections are made with ____ for fire hoses
spanner wrenches
What kind of fire hose has couplings with recessed lugs?
Booster fire hose
Modern threaded couplings have what kind of lugs?
Rounded rocker
How do non threaded couplings connect?
With locks and cams
two-way couplings have ____ couplings rather than male and female couplings
identical; Quarter-turn and Storz
What does the quarter-turn coupling have on each coupling?
Hook-like lugs
Where are Storz couplings commonly found?
Large diameter hose
Storz consist of ___ lugs and inset ___
grooved; rings
Hydrants require a(n) ____ to make connections with non threaded couplings
adapter
According to NFPA ___, hose should be inspected and service within ___ days before being placed inservice
1962;90
While gathering equipment and rolling fire hose after an incident, ___ and ___ damage on hose and coupling immediately.
identify; mark
Before placing fire hose and couplings back in service after use, report any evidence of ____ and. ______on hose jacket or couplings
dirt; debris
Hard rubber hose, hard intake hose, and rubber-jacket collapsible hose only require:
Rinsing with clear water
Woven-jacket hose requires any dirt and or dust to be ___ or ____ off of hose
brushed; swept
Remove hose from exterior hose towers as soon as it dries to protect from:
sun damage
___ or. ____ coupling ends of hose hung outside drying towers together to prevent swinging
lash; tie
What kind of roll should you use to store and keep the liner soft?
Straight
What kind of couplings develop a layer of corrosion?
Aluminum
What kind of load should you use to help prevent age deterioration on hoses?
Flat
Which kind of roll has the female end exposed and male end protected in roll center?
Straight roll
What kind of roll is used when hose is likely deployed for use directly from a roll?
Donut Roll
Which kind of roll allows the firefighter to have control of both couplings?
Donut
What kind of roll enables quicker connection to other couplings
Donut
Twin donut roll works best on ____ in and ____ hose
1 1/2 and 1 3/4 in hose
What is the purpose of a twin roll?
Can be easily transported/ used in high-rise/standpipes operations
What is the minimum amount of feet needed in a standard pumping apparatus for 2 1/2 in. fire supply hose?
800
What is the minimum amount of feet needed in a standard pumping apparatus for 1 1/2 inch, 1 3/4 inch or 2-inch attack fire hose?
400
What is the purpose of a dutchman?
changes direction /location of a coupling
What kind of load lays flat instead on edge?
Flat load
What kind of load is less likely to damage from apparatus vibration?
Flat load
What is one disadvantage of flat load?
Contains sharp bends
Where can a flat load be started in a single hose bed?
Either side
In a split hose bed, lay the first length against partition with coupling hanging far below hose bed so:
coupling can be connected to last coupling of load on opposite side and laid on top of load
What kind of load is laid on edge in fold adjacent to each other?
Accordion
Where is the first coupling placed in an accordion load?
Rear of bed
What is one advantage of an accordion load?
FF can pick up a number of folds and place them on shoulder
What load is used in split hose beds and loaded with threaded coupling hose?
Combination load
Which load permits the apparatus to make a forward lay from the water source to the fire?
Combination
Which are the primary lines that are used for fire attack?
Preconnects
Which homeliness are connected to a discharge valve and get placed in an area other than the main hose bed?
Preconnects
Which kind of load is often used in transverse beds?
Preconnects Flat Load
Which type of load has exposed loops?
Preconnected flat load
Which load has hose folded in three layers?
Triple layer load
Which load must be carried on the shoulder and is less likely catch on obstacles?
Minuteman load
Which load is rubber-covered, preconnected coiled on reels, and is good on first attack on small exterior fires?
Booster
In general, fire hydrant bonnets, barrels, and foot pieces are made of:
Cast iron
Internal parts of a hydrant are usually made of:
Bronze
______ ________ are made of rubber, leather, or composite materials.
Valve facings
What controls the flow from a hydrant?
Gate valve
All hydrants must be ____ and _____ slowly
open and closed
Closing a hydrant too fast can lead to:
water hammer
On what side should the tank discharge outlet be on?
Downhill
____ _____ are hose rollers that protect hose from damage of dragging over sharp corners
edge protection
what kind of hose roller is used to quickly drain water from LDH Hose?
LDH DRAINAGE
____ valves are in pumper discharges and gated wyes.
Ball
What kind of valve is operated manually by using a quarter-turn handle and the baffle is in the center of the waterway?
Butterfly
What kind of valve is used in siamese that allow water to flow in one direction only?
Clapper
What kind of lay is deployed from the water source to the incident?
Forward hose lay
The first coupling to come off the forward lay should be _____
female
What is the primary advantage of a forward lay?
Pumper can remain on scene
What kind of lay is used when a pumper must go to the fire location before laying a supply line?
Reverse lay
