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Oliver gets smarter > FIR 221 > Flashcards

FIR 221 Flashcards

1
Q

Function of the liver

A

Filters intake, stores and releases glycogen, excretes bilirubin; hormones; cholesterol; drugs, clotting factors, metabolizes fats proteins and carbs

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2
Q

Ascites

A

Accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity, causing abdominal swelling

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3
Q

Dysplasia

A

Presence of abnormal cells within a tissue

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4
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Organ or tissue growth at an increased rate

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5
Q

Osmoreceptors

A

Receptors that detect changes in osmotic pressure

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6
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

The pressure created by water moving across a membrane due to osmosis

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7
Q

Metaplasia

A

Having a type of cell in a place where that type is not typically found

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8
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

Receptors that detect chemical balance changes in the body

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9
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of solvent (water) across a semipermeable membrane from high to low concentration

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10
Q

Diffusion

A

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration

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11
Q

Renal buffering system

A

Buffering system in the kidneys to maintain acid-base balance by reabsorbing bicarbonate from urine back to blood and secreting hydrogen into urine.

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12
Q

Carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffering system

A

Fastest buffering system in the body that manages acid/base imbalances that are created by normal anatomy and physiology.

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13
Q

Cortisol

A

Immunosuppressant, reduces inflammation, and promotes gluconeogenesis. Created in adrenal gland.

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14
Q

Isotonic dehydration

A

Low sodium, low water

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15
Q

Hypernatremic dehydration

A

High sodium, low water

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16
Q

Hyponatremic dehydration

A

Low sodium, high water

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17
Q

3rd Degree AV Block

A

Inconsistent/varying PR intervals

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18
Q

1st Degree AV Block

A

Long PR interval (>0.2)

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19
Q

Renin

A

Enzyme secreted by kidney when hypovolemic, turns Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II, which vasoconstricts and secretes ADH

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20
Q

Fluid compartments

A

Intracellular and extracellular

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21
Q

Midazolam Dose

A

Cardioversion- 5mg IVP/IN. Repeat x1 PRN.

Pacing/anxiety/cont. sedation- 2mg slow IVP q. 2 mins or 0.2mg/kg IM/IN max 10mg

Seizures- 2mg IVP/IO q. 30-60s or 0.2mg/kg IM/IN max 10mg

All routes may repeat up to 20mg prn

Peds- 0.1mg/kg IVP or 0.2mg/kg IM/IN. Max single dose 2mg q. 2 min PRN max 10mg.

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22
Q

Fentanyl Dose

A

1mcg/kg max 100mcg + repeat 0.5mcg/kg max 50mcg

Elderly (>65) 0.5mcg/kg max 50mcg

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23
Q

D10 Dose

A

bG 60-70: 12.5Gm
<60: 25Gm
Peds: 0.5Gm/kg max 25Gm

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24
Q

pH Level

A

7.35 to 7.45
Higher than 7.45 is alkalotic
Lower than 7.35 is acidotic

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25
Q

Bicarbonate

A

Byproduct of body’s metabolism. An alkali.

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26
Q

Active transport

A

Moving molecules across cell membrane using cellular energy (ATP).

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27
Q

Types of mediated transport

A

Active transport, facilitated diffusion

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28
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Moving molecules across a cell membrane using the help of a transport molecule.

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29
Q

Ketamine Dose

A

DAI or excited delirium- 2mg/kg IVP over 1 min or 4mg/kg IN/IM. Excited delirium can get 1/2 additional IVP dose after 10 minutes.

Pain- 0.3mg/kg IVP over 1 min or IN/IM. May repeat after 20 minutes.

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30
Q

Etomidate Dose

A

0.5mg/kg IVP/IO

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31
Q

T cells

A

Attack antigens

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32
Q

B cells

A

Create antibodies

33
Q

Antigen

A

Substance that reacts with components of immune system

34
Q

Aldosterone

A

Hormone that stimulates the absorption of sodium by nephrons to regulate water/salt balance

35
Q

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

A

Peptide hormone secreted by pituitary gland, preventing urine production (retaining fluids)

36
Q

Hering-Brever Reflex

A

Reflex triggered to prevent over-inflation of the lung

37
Q

Alpha-1

A

Vasoconstriction

38
Q

Alpha-2

A

Inhibits norepinephrine, acetylcholine, and insulin release

39
Q

Beta-1

A

Heart contractibility

40
Q

Beta-2

A

Vasodilation

41
Q

Catecholamines

A

Help the body respond to stress or fright

Epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine

42
Q

3rd Space Loss

A

Fluid draining into any space that it’s not supposed to

43
Q

Components of extracellular fluid compartments

A

interstitial and intravascular

44
Q

Beta-1 selective blockers

A

Subclass of beta blockers that are commonly used to treat hypertension.

45
Q

Layers of the meninges

A

Skin, periosteum, cranium, dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

46
Q

Trigeminal nerve

A

Cranial nerve controlling facial sensation, chewing

47
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Controls heating and associating memory with senses

48
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Responsible for emotion, behavior, and personality

49
Q

Epiphyseal plate

A

The area of cartilage in a long both between the epiphysis and metaphysics where bone growth occurs

50
Q

Diaphysis

A

Central aspect of a long bone

51
Q

Metaphysis

A

Region where epiphysis joins diaphysis in a long bone

52
Q

Epiphysis

A

End part of the long bone

53
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Responsible for sensory perception

54
Q

Public symphysis

A

Joint that sits centered between pubic bones

55
Q

BeFAST

A

Balance, eyes, facial, arms, speech, time

56
Q

Babinski Reflex

A

A reflex where the toes curl in when the bottom of the foot is stimulated. Negative finding is normal in pediatrics under 2 years.

57
Q

Vestibulcochlear nerve

A

Cranial nerve responsible for hearing and balance. Also called the auditory nerve.

58
Q

Trochlear nerve

A

Cranial nerve responsible for downward and medial eye movement

59
Q

Facial nerve

A

Cranial nerve responsible for facial muscle movement and eyelid closing

60
Q

Optic nerve

A

Cranial nerve responsible for visual acuity

61
Q

Olfactory nerve

A

Cranial nerve responsible for smell

62
Q

Divisions of the brain stem

A

Pons, midbrain, medulla

63
Q

Coronary sinus

A

Small veins that form the sinus. Located on the posterior surface between L ventricle and L atrium. Drains most of the deoxygenated blood leave the myocardium into the right atrium.

64
Q

Layers of the heart wall

A

Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

65
Q

Signs of peritonitis

A

Tenderness, rigidity, distention

66
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Controls the maintenance of homeostasis, slows/calms

67
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

“Fight or flight”

Response to threat

68
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Visual perception

69
Q

S/s ICP

A

Cushing’s triad: hypertension, bradycardia, bradypnea

Headache, seizures, pupillary changes

70
Q

Coccyx

A

Small triangular bone located at the base of your spine. Your tailbone

71
Q

Ischium

A

Curved bone forming the base of each half of your pelvis

72
Q

Integumentary system

A

Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous and associated glands, hair, nails

Protects internal from external environment

73
Q

Endocrine system

A

Regulation of hormones

74
Q

Path of blood through the heart

A

Body, R atrium, tricuspid valve, R ventricles, lungs via pulmonary artery, L atrium via pulmonary veins, bicuspid valve, L ventricles, to the body via the aorta

75
Q

Carbon dioxide necrosis

A

Drowsiness caused by hypercarbia

76
Q

Nucleus

A

Large organelle that holds genetic material of cell and dictates protein synthesis

77
Q

Mitochondria

A

Synthesizes ATP, “power house”

78
Q

Nucleoli

A

Plays an essential role in the formation of ribosomes

79
Q

Ribosomes

A

Synthesize proteins, “power factories”

Oliver gets smarter (2 decks)

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