Finish Autoimmune conditions Flashcards
βαγδεεμλκ
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Organ-specific autoimmunity
Thyroid gland affected
Grave’s disease
Organ-specific autoimmunity
Thyroid gland affected
Type II- antibody to cell-surface or matrix antigens
Autoantigen = TSH receptor
Consequence = hyperthyoidism.
Pernicious anaemia
Organ-specific autoimmunity
Stomach affected. Autoimmune destruction of gastric parietal cells & autoantibody inactivation of intrinsic factor leads to lack of intrinsic factor.
Type 1 diabetes
Organ-specific autoimmunity
T cell mediated (cellular immune) effects - similar to Type IV hypersensitivity.
Consequence = Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells
Scleroderma
Non-organ specific
Skin is affected
Systemic lupus erythematosis
Non-organ specific (but kidney is especially sensitive to immune complex deposition)
Type III- immune complex disease.
Patients have a wide variety of anti-cytoplasmic and anti-nuclear auto-antibodies.
Autoantigens = DNA, histones, ribosomes, snRNP, scRNP.
Consequences:
- glomerulonephritis
- vasculitis
- arthritis
- Characteristic ‘butterfly’ rash on face
- Can be significant depletion of complement in these patients.
Predisposing factors;
- complement deficiencies that impair immune clearance e.g C1, C2, C4
- African and Asian women
Rheumatoid arthritis
Non-organ specific
Joints are affected.
T cell mediated (cellular immune) effects- analogous to Type IV hypersensitivity
Up to 3% of people in some populations.
Myasthenia gravis
Type II- antibody to cell-surface or matrix antigens
Autoantibodies to ACh receptor diminish neuromuscular cholinergic transmission:
- block ACh binding
- cause downregulation (degradation) of receptor
Autoantigen= ACh receptor Consequence = progressive weakness
T cell mediated autoimmunity
Mechanisms of damage?
Autoantibodies?
Examples?
Analogous to type IV hypersensitivity
T cell mediated damage leads to tissue destruction without requiring the production of autoantibody
- CD8 Cytotoxicity
- direct destruction by TNF
- macrophage recruitment & subsequent bystander killing
- induction of apoptosis by Fas ligand
e.g Type 1 Diabetes, Rheumatoid arthritis, Multiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis
T cell mediated (cellular immune) effects- analogous to Type IV hypersensitivity
Autoantigen= Myelin basic protein proteolipoprotein.
Consequence = brain degeneration paralysis
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Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
Type II- antibody to cell-surface or matrix antigens
Autoantigen = Rh blood group antigens
Consequence = destruction of RBCs
Goodpasture’s syndrome
Type II- antibody to cell-surface or matrix antigens
Autoantigen = Collagen type IV
Consequence = glometulonephritis
Subacute bacterial endocarditis
Type III- immune complex disease.
Autoantigen = bacterial antigen
Consequences = glomerulonephritis
