FINIAL NOTES Flashcards
the ability to see the impact of social forces on individuals’ private and public lives
sociological imagination
hierarchical ranking of social differences along some dimensions of inequality
stratification
the unequal distribution of property, power, and prestige
stratification
differential access to resources, influence, or status
inequality
a set of (often invisible) advantages and opportunities accrued to members of one group as consequences of their group membership
privilege
the ability to enact one’s will or desire
power
the sets of arrangements (such as roles, organizations, and institutions) that add order and predictability to our lives
social structure
an individual’s free choice in a matter; often bounded by social structures
agency
the shared set of expectations and rules that tell us what is acceptable and unacceptable
social norms
the process by which we learn what we need to know in order to participate in society
socialization
the PROCESS by which groups and individuals exact conformity and prevent deviance
social control
the ways we are taught to see the world, the categories we develop, and the meanings we attach to them, such that we behave accordingly
social construction
consumption and savings opportunity (in monetary terms) gained by an entity within a specified time frame
income
the money earned through employment and investments
income
a host of valuable resources or material possessions (such as real estate, stocks/bonds, money, valuable gems and metals) or the control of such assets
wealth
according to the media, the poor,
do not exist
are faceless
are undeserving
have only themselves to blame
according to the media, the wealthy
are us
do not exist as a class
are fascinating (and benevolent)
include a few bad apples
according to the media, the middle class
is us
is a victim
means of production and distribution based on common ownership
socialism
goal of socialism
satisfy human needs
socialism requires,
public control of resources
ready access to information
democratic process
laws, customs, or practices that systematically reflect and produce racist inequalities, regardless of racist intentions
institutional racism
institutional discrimination cannot be solved by “fixing” the individuals.
True or False
True
an often invisible package of unearned advantages of benefits accrued to _______ people on account of their skin color
White privilege
the everyday verbal, nonverbal, and environmental slights, snubs, or insults, whether intentional or unintentional, that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative messages to target persons based solely upon their marginalized group membership
micro-aggressions
the physical aspects of being male or female
sex
how we understand, construct, perform, and institutionalize the divisions of sex
gender
a person whose gender identity matches their biological sex
cisgender
a person whose gender identity does not match their biological sex
transgender
the process by which we inherit and disseminate norms, customs, and ideologies
socialization
the process of representing or treating a person like an object (a non-thinking) that can be used however one likes
objectification
the process of representing or treating a person like a sex object, one that serves another’s sexual pleasure
sexual objectification
the process by which heterosexuality is socially produces as dominant, taken-for-granted, and universal
heteronormativity
