FINIAL NOTES

Question 1

the ability to see the impact of social forces on individuals’ private and public lives

Answer 1

sociological imagination

Question 2

hierarchical ranking of social differences along some dimensions of inequality

Answer 2

stratification

Question 3

the unequal distribution of property, power, and prestige

Answer 3

stratification

Question 4

differential access to resources, influence, or status

Answer 4

inequality

Question 5

a set of (often invisible) advantages and opportunities accrued to members of one group as consequences of their group membership

Answer 5

privilege

Question 6

the ability to enact one’s will or desire

Answer 6

power

Question 7

the sets of arrangements (such as roles, organizations, and institutions) that add order and predictability to our lives

Answer 7

social structure

Question 8

an individual’s free choice in a matter; often bounded by social structures

Answer 8

agency

Question 9

the shared set of expectations and rules that tell us what is acceptable and unacceptable

Answer 9

social norms

Question 10

the process by which we learn what we need to know in order to participate in society

Answer 10

socialization

Question 11

the PROCESS by which groups and individuals exact conformity and prevent deviance

Answer 11

social control

Question 12

the ways we are taught to see the world, the categories we develop, and the meanings we attach to them, such that we behave accordingly

Answer 12

social construction

Question 13

consumption and savings opportunity (in monetary terms) gained by an entity within a specified time frame

Answer 13

income

Question 14

the money earned through employment and investments

Answer 14

income

Question 15

a host of valuable resources or material possessions (such as real estate, stocks/bonds, money, valuable gems and metals) or the control of such assets

Answer 15

wealth

Question 16

according to the media, the poor,

Answer 16

do not exist
are faceless
are undeserving
have only themselves to blame

Question 17

according to the media, the wealthy

Answer 17

are us
do not exist as a class
are fascinating (and benevolent)
include a few bad apples

Question 18

according to the media, the middle class

Answer 18

is us

is a victim

Question 19

means of production and distribution based on common ownership

Answer 19

socialism

Question 20

goal of socialism

Answer 20

satisfy human needs

Question 21

socialism requires,

Answer 21

public control of resources
ready access to information
democratic process

Question 22

laws, customs, or practices that systematically reflect and produce racist inequalities, regardless of racist intentions

Answer 22

institutional racism

Question 23

institutional discrimination cannot be solved by “fixing” the individuals.
True or False

Answer 23

True

Question 24

an often invisible package of unearned advantages of benefits accrued to _______ people on account of their skin color

Answer 24

White privilege

Question 25

the everyday verbal, nonverbal, and environmental slights, snubs, or insults, whether intentional or unintentional, that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative messages to target persons based solely upon their marginalized group membership

Answer 25

micro-aggressions

Question 26

the physical aspects of being male or female

Answer 26

sex

Question 27

how we understand, construct, perform, and institutionalize the divisions of sex

Answer 27

gender

Question 28

a person whose gender identity matches their biological sex

Answer 28

cisgender

Question 29

a person whose gender identity does not match their biological sex

Answer 29

transgender

Question 30

the process by which we inherit and disseminate norms, customs, and ideologies

Answer 30

socialization

Question 31

the process of representing or treating a person like an object (a non-thinking) that can be used however one likes

Answer 31

objectification

Question 32

the process of representing or treating a person like a sex object, one that serves another’s sexual pleasure

Answer 32

sexual objectification

Question 33

the process by which heterosexuality is socially produces as dominant, taken-for-granted, and universal

Answer 33

heteronormativity