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Forensic Science > FingerPrinting I > Flashcards

FingerPrinting I Flashcards

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0
Q

Compound was called Triketihyrindene Hydrate and react to alpha amino acids, valuable for detection of the non-biuret dialyzable amino acids, various tissues, milk,urine, saliva, blood, plasma, serum, fresh eggs, fresh & boiled meats, sweat

A

Ninhydrine

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1
Q

Discovered by S Ruhemann in 1910

A

Ninhydrin

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2
Q

1954 recognized as a latent print reagent on porous surfaces, originally highly flammable because of solvent, 1974 trifluortrichlorethane made it nonflammable and does not dissolve ink, 1194 fluorisol is banned, replaced by Genesolv 2000, heptane, and recently HFE7100

A

Ninhydrine

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3
Q

what is the proper sequencing when processing Ninhydrine and a porous surface?

A

Visual examination, luminescent treatment, Iodine Fuming, DFO, Ninhydrine, Physical Developer

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4
Q

What is the application process for Ninhydrine?

A

Apply by dipping, spraying, or brushing. Development of chemical reaction naturally can take several weeks, heat & humidity can speed the process, sensitivity may not be high, developed prints are not permanent

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5
Q

1990 Grigg Pounds modified the Ninhydrine molecule, reacts with alpha amino acids on paper, seen in both color and fluorescence, has red pigment closely resembles Ruhemann’s purple

A

1,8-Diazafluorene-9-one (DFO)

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6
Q

At what stage is DFO used?

A

1st stage of the chemical sequence for paper & porous substrates

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7
Q

Characteristics of DFO

A

more sensitive than Ninhydrine in developing prints, apply by submersion or spraying for 5 sec. air dry, re-apply, air dry, heat w/ no humidity at 100 C, view under light source at 470nm-570nm

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8
Q

A photographic process based on the formation of silver onto a latent print

A

Physical Developer

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9
Q

Primary ingredients: Ferric Nitrate & Ferrous Ammonium Sulfate coupled with a metal salt mixture

A

Physical Developer

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10
Q

Reacts to the lipid material in sebaceous secretions triglycerides, wax ester, squalene, etc. When applied it forms a gray silver deposit

A

Physical Developer

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11
Q

If paper is or known to have been wet it should be used solely & not in conjunction with DFO and Ninhydrine, sensitive to water insoluble constituents

A

Physical Developer

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12
Q

Can develop prints on paper, non porous surfaces (w/ special method) pressure sensitive tapes. Also can be used on stamps, money, emulsion side of photographs, & envelope closure flaps

A

Physical Developer

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13
Q

Normally requires a 3 step process. water & acid pretreatment, silver physical developer, water & hypochlorite post treatment. On non porous surfaces it requires a multi metal deposition (vacuum metal deposition) process using colloidal gold & zinc otherwise prints may not visualize, caution-background can overdevelop

A

Physical Developer

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14
Q

A silver based process that reacts w/ the chlorides in Eccrine deposits on porous surfaces

A

Silver Nitrate

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15
Q

How to process Silver Nitrate

A

Immersion, allow to dry, then expose to high intensity lamp until prints develop. Remove from light immediately or overdevelopment of the background may ruin the print, place in stabilizing rinse.

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16
Q

This method has primarily been replaced by a Ninhydrine/Physical Developer combination

A

Silver Nitrate

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17
Q

Developed in 1978 by Criminal Identification Division of the Japanese National Police, in 1982 introduced to the US by Ed German of the US Army Criminal Investigation Command and by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms

A

Cyanoacrylate Fuming

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18
Q

Chemical is alkyl-2-cyanoacrylate ester, aka super glue

A

Cyanoacrylate Fuming

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19
Q

Fumes polymerize & attach to moisture & water soluble components from the deposit, study found prints w/ high sebaceous components appear sensitive to this processes fumes

A

Cyanoacrylate Fuming

20
Q

Used on several substates: plastics, aluminum foil, electrical tape, finished/unfinished wood, garbage bags, rubber, styrofoam, copper, carbon paper, cellophane, rubber bands, smooth rocks, glossy paper, skin

A

Cyanoacrylate Fuming

21
Q

What is the process for Cyanoacrylate Fuming? Normal Process

A

place item in a fuming cabinet in upper portion, place 2-3 drops of super glue into small dish(depending on the size of the cabinet), allow a minimum of 2 hours for development

22
Q

What is the Cyanoacrylate Fuming process for fume circulation procedure

A

Requires small fan to circulate the fumes, place item in the fuming cabinet, place 2-3 drop of super glue in dish, takes from 1-2 hours for development

23
Q

What is the Cyanoacrylate Fuming process for heat acceleration procedure

A

place item in fuming cabinet, place 2-3 drops in dish and place on heating apparatus, takes 20-40 min to develop

24
Q

What is the Cyanoacrylate Fuming process for chemical acceleration procedure

A

Place item in cabinet, prepare .5 N Sodium Hydroxide, place clean cotton pad in dish with 2-3 drops of super glue, add 2 drops of the N Sodium Hydroxide, place on heating apparatus. Takes 30 min.-hour to develop

25
Q

Developed about 1990 removing most of the atmospheric pressure, accelerates the polymerization & reduces development time, tends to show sharper ridges & pore detail, because vapors spread throughout, it reaches surfaces not normally exposed in other procedures like inside of a plastic bag, development is translucent instead of white

A

Cyanoacrylate Fuming, vacuum acceleration procedure

26
Q

What is the post treatment to Cyanoacrylate Fuming of developed prints

A

dark fingerprint powder, fluorescent fingerprint powder, dye staining

27
Q

Makes up about 6% of the iron containing respirator pigment in red blood cells called hemoglobin or hematinoglobulin

A

Heme (short for hematin) Reagents

28
Q

Tetramethylbenzidine, O-tolidine, Phenolphthalein, Leucomalachite Green

A

Used primarily as presumptive test for the presence of blood, but can enhance prints as well

29
Q

Protein stain reagents, all are dye stains that bind to protein molecules, most are water soluble & can dissolve part of the impression detail. If able, the proteins should be denatured & fixed by baking the item @ 100 C for 30 min

A

Blood Impressions

30
Q

Produces a purple color, fine mist or immersion for 3 min. rinse w/ distilled water & allow to dry, preserve w/ photography

A

Leucocrystal Violet

31
Q

Aka Brilliant Blue, produces a deep blue color, fine mist spray or immersion for 30-90 sec. rinse in glacial acetic acid & methanol solution for 1 min. & allow to dry, preserve w/ photography

A

Coomassie Blue

32
Q

Aka Naphthalene, Naphthol Blue Black, & Acid Black, process a deep blue color, fine mist or immersion for 30-90 sec. rinse in glacial acetic acid & methanol solution for 1 min. final rinse in distilled water, allow to dry, preserve w/ photography

A

Amido Black (Methanol base)

33
Q

Develop in a citric acid/distilled water stock, amindo black powder, & photoFlo solution for 2 min. rinse in citric acid/distilled water stock for 2 min. final rinse in distilled water for 1 min allow to dry, preserve w/ photography

A

Amido Black (water based)

34
Q

Produces blue color, developer uses a mixture which includes Coomassie Blue, spray or immersion for 30-90 sec, rinse w/ glacial acetic acid & distilled water for 1 min. repeat for contrast, preserve w/ photography

A

Crowle’s Double Stain

35
Q

Aka 3, 3 Diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride, produces a brown color, immerse in fixing solution for 2-3 min. rinse w/ distilled water, immerse in developer solution for 3-4 min. rinse w/ distilled water, preserve w/ photography

A

Diaminobenzidine (DAB)

36
Q

What other reagent can be used in blood impressions

A

Ninhydrine and DFO

37
Q

What is sometimes forgot when processing prints on tape

A

the non sticky side of the tape should be processed first

38
Q

How to process the non sticky side of tape

A

place tape, adhesive side down on acetate sheet or non-static document protector, place in fuming chamber and fume, then process w/ powder or dye stains, preserve w/ photography

39
Q

Aka crystal violet, methyl violet, development color is purple, reacts to epithelial cells, sebaceous lipids & proteins, can be used on other non-porous surfaces, may be used on surfaces contaminated w/ grease or oils, may not work well on water soluble tapes, preserve w/ photography

A

Gentian Violet

40
Q

How to process Gentian Violet

A

Immerse and gently agitate for 1-2 min, rinse under cold tap water for 30 sec, air dry, repeat for optimum development occurs

41
Q

Development is dark blue, reacts to sebaceous components, excellent on friction ridge detail deposited in grease or oil, also good on food residue & dried deposits of sweetened drinks, works on water soaked or wet non-porous surfaces

A

Sudan Black

42
Q

How to process Sudan Black

A

Immerse in solution for 2 min., rinse under cold tap water, allow to air dry & preserve w/ photography

43
Q

Aka SPR, development color is gray to dark gray, used on non-porous surfaces that are or have been wet, react to sebaceous lipid & fatty components, ineffective on water soluble tapes

A

Small Particle Reagent

44
Q

How to process SPR

A

Immersion is more effective than spraying, immerse but don’t agitate for 1 min., rinse for 15 sec. dry @ room temperature, process may be repeated, preserve w/ photography

45
Q

Aka wet wop or wet powder, reacts to sebaceous & lipid components, comes in black & white, & is premixed, apply w/ camel hairbrush to adhesive side, let set for 10-15 sec., rinse under cold water, air dry, preserve w/ photography

A

Liquid Powder

46
Q

Used on light colored adhesive tape surfaces, reacts to sebaceous & eccrine components, develops dark gray, brush on w/ camel hairbrush, wait for 15-30 sec., rinse w/ tap water, air dry, preserve w/ photography

A

Liqui-Nox

47
Q

Used on dark colored tapes, both adhesive & non-adhesive side, reacts to cyanoacrylate deposit, development is a yellow fluorescent

A

Liqui-Drox

48
Q

How to develop Liqui-Drox

A

First fume the tape in Cyanoacrylate chamber, then apply w/ camel hairbrush, wait 10 sec. before rinsing under cold tap water, air dry, view under UV lamp to produce long wave UV light output, preserve w/ photography using a yellow or 2A filter

Forensic Science (1 decks)

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