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NESC 2570 MT 1 > Fine, Ch. 2 > Flashcards

Fine, Ch. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

resting membrane potential

A

x

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2
Q

receptor potential

A

x

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3
Q

pacinian corpuscles

A

x

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4
Q

synaptic potentials

A

x

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5
Q

hyperpolarization

A

x

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6
Q

passive electrical responses

A

x

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7
Q

depolarization

A

x

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8
Q

Threshold potential

A

x

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9
Q

action potential

A

x

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10
Q

active transporters

A

x

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11
Q

ion channels

A

x

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12
Q

electrochemical equilibrium

A

x

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13
Q

Best way to observe electrical signals in neurons is by

A

using an intracellular electrode

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14
Q

resting membrane potential is the

A

negative signal reads upon entering neuron

RMP typically -40 to -90 mV

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15
Q

typical resting membrane potential

A

-40 to -90 mV

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16
Q

change in resting membrane potential is a

A

receptor potential

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17
Q

receptor potentials are due to

A

activation of sensory neurons by external stimuli

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18
Q

XY are for communication between neurons at synaptic contacts

A

synaptic potentials

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19
Q

potentials that travel along the nerve axon

A

action potentials

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20
Q

action potentials are used for

A

LONG RANGE transmission of information

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21
Q

If the potential goes more negative it has

A

hyperpolarized

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22
Q

hyperpolarizations are xxx responses

A

passive electrical responses

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23
Q

membrane potential becomes more positive

A

depolarization

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24
Q

xxx must be met for Action Potential to occur

A

threshold potential

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25
Q

intensity of a stimulus is encoded by

A

frequency of APs

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26
Q

receptor potentials amplitude are graded by

A

magnitude of the stimulus

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27
Q

action potentials amplitude are graded by

A

they are not graded; the amplitude is of the same level independent of strength of stimulus, provided the threshold is met.

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28
Q

Synaptic potentials amplitude is graded by

A

number of synapses activated & previous synaptic activity

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29
Q

fundamental problem with neurons

A

axons are not good conductors

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30
Q

if current pulse is below threshold it will

A

decay as it moves away from the site of current injection as it leaks from axonal membrane

31
Q

serve as a booster system to send info over long distances

A

action potentials at nodes of ranvier

32
Q

xxx circumvent the leakiness of neurons

A

action potentials

33
Q

neuronal signals rely upon

A

movement of ions across the membrane

34
Q

cell membranes transmit electrical signals because they (2)

A

a. are selectively permeable B. differences in ion concentration across the membrane

35
Q

ion concentration gradients are established by

A

active transporters (proteins)

36
Q

selective permeability of membranes is due to

A

ion channels

37
Q

ion channels and transporters work…

A

against each other to generate the various potentials

38
Q

an electrical potential will be generated when K+

A

K+ is not the same on the two sides

39
Q

difference in electrical potential across the membrane results from

A

potassium ions flow down their concentration gradient

40
Q

resting membrane potential is maintained by

A

continual resting efflux of K+

41
Q

electrochemical equilibrium is

A

an exact balance between a) concentration gradient of K+ from in > out, b) an opposing electrical gradient that prevents K+ moving across membrane

42
Q

K+ stops flowing at

A

electrochemical equilibrium

43
Q

tiny fluxes in ions do not disrupt chemical electroneutrality because

A

each ion has a counter-ion of opposite charge

44
Q

in opposite compartments, Cl:Na is

A

equal

45
Q

passive membrane decrement of current flow with distance formula

A

Vx = Vo e^-x / /\

46
Q

Vx

A

voltage response at position x

47
Q

Vo

A

voltage change at point where current is injected

48
Q

e

A

base of natural logarithms

49
Q

/\

A

length constant of the axon

50
Q

length constant of the axon (/)

A

where initial voltage Vo decays to 1/e (37%) of its value

51
Q

/\ length constant formula

A

(sqrt) (rm / ro + ri)

52
Q

rm

A

relative resistance of plasma membrane

53
Q

ri

A

relative resistance of intracellular axoplasm

54
Q

ro

A

relative resistance of extracellular axoplasm

55
Q

for optimal passive flow, rm should be x and ri and ro should be x

A

high; low; low

56
Q

delays in change in membrane potential upon injection is due to

A

plasma membrane behaving as a capacitor, storing initial charge.

57
Q

change in membrane potential at any time formula =

A

t = V(infinity)(1-e^-t/T)

58
Q

V(infinity)

A

steady state value of membrane potential change

59
Q

small t =

A

time after current pulse begins

60
Q

big T

A

membrane time constant = time when Vt rises to 1-(1/e) or 63% of V(inf).

61
Q

membrane time constant

A

time when Vt rises to 1-(1/e) or 63% of V(inf).

62
Q

formula to calculate Potential decline after current pulse ends

A

Vt = V(inf) e^-t/T

63
Q

Equilibrium potential -

A

potential generated across the membrane at electrochemical equilibrium

64
Q

nernst equation predicts what

A

equilibrium potential

65
Q

nernst equation formula

A

Ex = (RT/zF) In(Xout)/(Xin)

66
Q

simplified nernst at room temp

A

Ex = 58/z log (Xout)/(Xin)

67
Q

ex

A

equilibrium potential

68
Q

R

A

GAS CONSTANT

69
Q

T

A

absolute temp

70
Q

Z

A

valence (charge) permeant ion

71
Q

F

A

faraday constant (amount of electrical charge contained in one mole of univalent ion)

72
Q

faraday constant

A

amount of electrical charge contained in one mole of univalent ion)

73
Q

what does the nernst equation predict exactly

A

linear slope of 58 mV per tenfold change in the K+ gradient

74
Q

K+ conc. higher inside =

A

negative inside

NESC 2570 MT 1 (4 decks)

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