Findings Cervical X-ray Flashcards
How do you find forward head posture?
Distance between GWL and C4-C5 interspace
What is normal forward head posture?
0 inches
On what film is forward head posture measured?
Lateral Cervical X-ray
On what film is the skull-atlas relationship found?
Lateral Cervical X-ray
How is the skull-atlas relationship determined?
APL compared to the skull base line
What is the normal skull-atlas relationship?
Parallel APL and SBL
A diverging APL and SBL indicates what?
The skull is in extension
A converging APL and SBL indicates what?
The skull is in flexion
Cervical disc height is determined on what film?
Lateral Cervical X-ray
What vertebra is used as reference for cervical disc height?
C5
What is the normal cervical disc height?
40% of C5 body height
Cervical lordosis is determined on what film?
Lateral Cervical X-ray
How is cervical lordosis determined?
By the intersection of the superior and inferior stress lines
What is normal cervical lordosis?
45 degrees
What film is cervical vertebral participation determined on?
Lateral Cervical, Cervical Flexion, and Cervical Extension views
On the lateral cervical x-ray, how is vertebral participation determined?
A) The GWL and C2’s vertebral body base line
B) C3-C7 vertebral body base line
On a lateral cervical x-ray, what is the normal relationship between C2’s vertebral body base line and the GWL?
82-90 degrees
On a lateral cervical x-ray, what is the normal relationship between C3-C7’s vertebral body base lines?
They converge to a single point within 6” behind the C/S
On a cervical flexion view, what is the normal relationship between C2-C7 (T1 if visible) vertebral body base line?
Converge at a single point 6” in front of the neck
What film is skull flexion on atlas determined? How is skull flexion on atlas determined?
A) Cervical flexion x-ray
B) The angle of between the reference line (90 degrees to the APL) and the SBL
What is the normal amount of skull flexion on atlas?
7.5 degrees
On what film is skull extension determined? How is skull extension on atlas determined?
A) Cervical extenstion x-ray
B) The angle of between the reference line (90 degrees to the APL) and the SBL
What is the normal amount of skull extension on atlas?
7.5 degrees
What film detects anterior slippage of vertebra? What line is used?
A) Cervical flexion
B) George’s lines
What film detects posterior slippage of vertebra? What line is used?
A) Cervical extension
B) George’s lines
How is the cervical flexion angle determined?
Intersection of the superior and inferior stress lines on the cervical flexion film
What is the normal cervical flexion angle?
60 degrees
How is the cervical extension angle determined?
Intersection of the superior and inferior stress lines on the cervical extension film
What is the normal cervical extension angle?
70 degrees
What is determined on the nasium view?
Upper angle, Lower angle, CD angle, DUD angle, and C2 rotation
How is the upper angle determined?
GWL to the APL
What is the normal upper angle?
90 degrees
How is the lower angle determined?
Unit 1 of the C/S (Skull/Atlas) to Unit 2 of the C/S (C2-C4)
What is the normal lower angle?
90 degrees
How is C2 rotation determined?
Tip of the C2 spinous process to the vertebral body
What is the normal amount of C2 rotation?
0mm
How is the CD angle determined?
Unit 3 of the spine (C5-T6) compared to unit Unit 2 (C2-C4)
What is the normal CD angle?
180 degrees
How is the DUD angle determined?
The top half of unit 3 (C5-T2) to the lower half of unit 3 (T3-T6)
What is the normal DUD angle?
180 degrees
What is measured on the base posterior film?
Atlas rotation
How is atlas rotation determined?
GWL to the APL
What is the normal value for atlas rotation?
90 degrees
